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Who is the owner of the Yandex browser. Briefly about what the word "Yandex" means

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. If you are not familiar yet, then I would like to introduce you to one of the most popular online services on the RuNet called Yandex. It has existed since 1996 and at the dawn of its formation it was exclusively .

Let’s put aside the question “what is Yandex today” for a moment, and let’s talk about where such a strange name came from. Why Yandex? There are several interpretations on this matter and they all answer the question posed.

True, only one of them reflects the real train of thought of the author of this now super-popular word, who was one of the founding fathers of this search engine - Ilya Segalovich(unfortunately, he left us in the middle of last year).

Why is Yandex called Yandex?

In the above photo he is on the far left. Standing next to him is his comrade-in-arms and the second fundamentally Yandex - Arkady Volozh. Well, on the right are Sergey Brin and Larry Page - . This photo was taken at the beginning of this century, when Google planned to buy our domestic search engine and its executives came to Russia for negotiations, but the deal never took place.

So, Ilya was faced with a difficult task - choose a name for the future search engine(not yet available at that time via the Internet) and at the same time not lose face in the dirt. The search keyword index was taken as a basis (read about how important the index is for them, and what it even is).

It was decided that the word-forming phrase would be “yet another indexer,” which translated means “another indexer.” In general, quite modestly and without any claims for future stunning success. The English language in Russia at that time was “” and, naturally, the search system was originally named in the Latin alphabet: YANDEX(Yet Another iNDEXer).

However, the main feature of Yandex at that time (and even now) was that it searches for answers on the Internet. Besides him, at that time the only one doing this was , which is now no longer a full-fledged search engine. In general, the founding fathers decided that they needed to add the Russian letter I at the beginning instead of the English Y and it turned out YANDEX. This could already be interpreted as a Language INDEX.

At that time, its home page looked like this (design by Tema Lebedev):

In 2008, the fashion for writing company names in Latin letters came to an end and YANDEX began to be called simply Yandex.

There are several other interpretations, why Yandex is called Yandex, and despite the fact that they are quite logical and concise, they appeared after the official name was approved. I have already mentioned one of them - Language iNDEX.

Well, the second one says that if you take the first letter “I” and “I” in the word index, then you will get the pronoun “I” - hence YANDEX. The version is beautiful, but somewhat different from what happened in reality.

What is Yandex and what does it represent today?

As I already mentioned, at the dawn of its formation, this online service was exclusively a search engine. He still is, and his share of the RuNet market is very significant and amounts to more than sixty percent.

But time passed and everything changed. With each new year of its existence, Yandex acquired more and more new services and opportunities. Some of them have reached our time unchanged, some have changed, merged or even closed, such as.

Now, if you are looking for a product, you probably turn to to find the store that is optimal in terms of price and reviews. If you are going somewhere, then go to the one that displays the road conditions (traffic jams).

For many, this online service has become the portal from which they start surfing the Internet every day. This is especially convenient because, like the desktop in Windows, it has the ability to add widgets, customize the appearance through the use of themes, and all other services of this mega-portal are available from it.

So what is Yandex? You can’t answer in one word. Let me list all the services collected under his wing, which I had the opportunity to write about in detail. It will probably be much simpler and more visual.

— unlike Google, the RuNet mirror initially decided to use its main (start) page for the convenience of users.
Well, by analogy with, a Passport was introduced, which is valid throughout the entire territory of all the possessions of this search engine.
- the place where all site owners add their resources to monitor their indexing and visibility in this search engine.
- probably the second most popular payment system in RuNet. Although, if we take into account, it turns out that it is the third.
— here you can order advertising of your products or services on search pages (advertising is displayed at the top or bottom of the search results).
is a very popular service among Russians, because it provides information about traffic jams, allows you to plot routes and create your own (folk) maps.
— this is the flip side of Direct. The fact is that Yandex has a well-functioning system for working with contextual advertising, so why should it limit itself only to its own search results (search results page)?
In general, if you have your own website with daily traffic greater than or equal to 300 unique visitors per day, then register with Profit Partner (the official service center for YAN partners) and earn money, receive prizes and affiliate rewards. Without any nonsense, this is .
- a system that differs from a similar Google tool (Analistics) in that it has an intuitive and elegant interface, and is also easy to learn.
— in the Runet market it successfully competes with, and also attracts some users from Jimail.
In terms of functionality, the new incarnation of Yandex Mail is not much inferior to the latter, and in some aspects it is even superior. For example, there is a free opportunity to obtain, which in Google now costs a small penny ().
- file storage, which is designed to become a real alternative to Dropbox (read about that) or.
- a new service offering users a fresh selection of materials on topics of interest to them. The selection is generated automatically based on the preferences of each individual user. Read more about the service at the link provided.
- the search engine of any SMS on which your site will work will always be worse than this tool. Therefore, do not install it, or its equivalent from Google.
- these are not services, but important tools with which the company evaluates the static weight of all indexed documents, and ordinary users can estimate at what price it is worth selling or buying links from certain sites (read about, eternal links or)
— deceased in God (or rather in Yukoz) free designer of popular sites. Previously, it was possible to create free websites or store and transfer files (the latter function was taken over by the Disk described just above)
is a fairly popular add-on for browsers, which, however, is much more necessary for the search engine itself than for users (setting a default search, home page, collecting user preferences, etc.).
Yes, all this is not implemented as aggressively as in , but there is something in common.
— previously there was a similar thing in Opera (express panel), but thanks to our hero, now these bookmarks can be used in any browser (installed).
- made on the same engine as Google Chrome, but has a number of individual features that competitors do not have.
— a set of buttons for adding announcements of articles on the site to popular social networks. The statistics of this block can be tracked in Metrica.
- this is not a service or a tool, but simply a statement that this search engine is not yet capable of real-time and updates search results discretely at certain unequal time intervals, which are usually called up.
- can search not only by words or phrases entered into the search bar, but also by searching, which you download from your computer or specify its location on the Internet.
- an online service similar to .
- well, of course, this is still far from Google translate, but it also gives a very good translation, albeit into a much smaller number of languages.
— will help you measure the speed of the Internet channel you are using.
— the service is very convenient and quite claims to be the best in RuNet.
- the most popular directory of sites in the entire RuNet, but, unfortunately, not everyone manages to get there even on a paid basis.
- the first assistant to those who have already mastered them, because it allows them to collect them and then write articles about them.
- a very specific thing that cannot be explained in a nutshell, but you can read the article given at the link.

I think that now, at least in general terms, it has become clear to you what Yandex is and how big and powerful it is. Thank you.

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

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How was Yandex created?

In 1988, entrepreneur and programmer Arkady Volozh - in the future, one of the creators of Yandex - founded the company CompTek. The company was engaged in the sale of personal computers and workplace automation.

In 1989, Arkady Volozh and Arkady Borkovsky, a specialist in computer linguistics, founded the Arcadia computer company. A few years later, the company’s employees wrote two information retrieval systems - “Classifier of Goods and Services” and “International Classification of Inventions”.

In 1993, CompTek was merged with Arcadia. Another creator of Yandex, programmer Ilya Segalovich, came to CompTek shortly before the merger, It was he, together with another creator of Yandex, Arkady Volozh, who came up with the word Yandex. Initially, Yandex was the name given to the program written by CompTek executives. The Yandex program was designed to search for information on a computer’s hard drive.

Collaborating with the Institute for Information Transmission Problems, CompTek employees have created a Russian language dictionary with search and a Bible computer reference book.

But those who invented and created Yandex - Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich did not stop there. The creators of Yandex decided to implement their search program on the Internet in 1995. The software application initially worked with limited resources, but a little later it covered the entire Russian-speaking part of the Internet.

In 1997, the Yandex search engine was officially launched.

In 1999, when the number of Runet users increased significantly, the creators of Yandex introduced a new search robot that optimizes the process of searching for the required information.

In 2000, the founders of CompTek created a new company, Yandex. Arkady Volozh becomes the General Director, and Ilya Segalovich takes the position of Director of Technology and Development. In the same year, the Yandex search engine expanded its capabilities. There are such specialized services as Yandex. News, Yandex. Mail, ascetic Yandex, Yandex. Postcards, Yandex. Bookmarks, Yandex. Guru.

By 2010, Yandex became the most popular Internet portal in Russia, and reached the international level after the opening of the English-language version of the search engine. A portal is also opening in Belarus, making searches in Tatar and Ukrainian languages possible. In the same year, Yandex expanded a number of specialized services. Yandex appears. Work, Yandex. Maps, Yandex. Real estate and others.

Yandex's net profit is impressive; in 2011 it amounted to $179.3 million. so those who created Yandex - Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich - did a tremendous job to ensure that their software brainchild was a colossal success on the Internet.

All our activities are a struggle against entropy.
This process, of course, is endless.
Arkady Volozh.

Today Yandex offers users not just a search, but a whole range of useful . Among many resources, Yandex ranks first in Russia in terms of traffic. Websites have been opened for users from Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus, which are also popular with residents of these countries because they contain many additional services.

Nowadays, numerous services available on Yandex allow, and. In addition to searching the Internet for texts, videos and pictures, users are offered product searches and price comparisons, mail, weather forecasts, TV and transport schedules, tools for webmasters, corporate solutions, developed and a host of other useful projects. Yandex is often looked up to as the flagship of Russian Internet technologies, which is not without reason: it is under this brand that new search technologies have already seen the light of day, and many incredible ideas are constantly being implemented.

However, the concept of Yandex as a connection between an Internet search engine and all other things that greatly facilitate the everyday life of an Internet user was not born immediately, and neither was the search technology itself. As befits every ambitious project, it was preceded by a long and winding path, the history of which began back in the days when the Global Network in Russia was talked about only in the bowels of scientific research institutes.

Background: voluntary-obligatory cooperative

It was 1988. At that time, he had just completed his studies as a mathematician and programmer. Arkady Volozh worked at the Institute of Management Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he researched the possibility of processing large amounts of data, and the leadership of the Soviet Union tried to put the country on the feet of a market economy. They began to implement the adopted Law on Cooperation on a scale characteristic of Soviet leaders, and the head of the department where Volozh worked, without further hesitation, appointed him co-founder of the newly created cooperative.

Since enterprises at that time did not have enough automated jobs, and the experience of the institute’s workers could solve this problem, it was decided to import Austrian personal computers, exchanging them (it was a wonderful time!) for seeds. However, Arkady was not directly involved in selling computers, but only performed technical work.

At that time, he met an American student who had come for guard duty. Robert Stubblebine, from whom I took English lessons. But the common interests of the two young people were not limited only to foreign languages, and already in 1989 they jointly founded the company CompTek, engaged in sales of computer equipment. So the company could have specialized only in hardware if not for Volozh’s old connections.

Teach the computer to understand Russian

Having become deeply involved in commerce, Arkady Volozh did not give up his main place of work. At the institute, he continued to work on a program focused on searching for information in large volumes of text data. Then Arkady came to the idea that it was necessary to somehow take into account the rich inflection inherent in the Russian language. And at that moment a person was found who was able to help cope with this difficult task. He became Arkady Borkovsky, who studied problems of computational linguistics at the Academy of Sciences. At the same time, the first important task appeared, where it was possible to successfully apply existing developments: the Institute of Patent Information needed a searchable classifier of inventions.

So two Arkady, Borkovsky and Volozh, created a company called “Arcadia”. They were joined by several programmers, among whom was Volozh’s friend from school. So, after much effort, the distribution kit of the “International Classifier of Inventions” was ready. It was also decided to sell it as a product for organizations working with patents.

At first, everything worked out well: the product was sold for about three years, and there was enough money to pay employees and newspapers. Then the “Classifier of Goods and Services” was developed. But the economy in the country dictated its own conditions in the early nineties, and buying such software products became much worse. On the other hand, Volozh's second company, CompTek, was gaining momentum by supplying computers and deploying networks to financial institutions. At that moment, a bold step was taken to preserve existing promising developments in the absence of demand: in 1993, it was decided to transform the small staff of Arcadia into the CompTek programming department.

Meanwhile, work continued on improving the search engine code. A team of specialists in the field of structural linguistics led by Yuri Apresyan provided a high-quality dictionary, and Ilya Segalovich and a group of programmers began to integrate it into the existing technology, which made the search capabilities even wider. The new CompTek department then took on more complex tasks. In 1994, it was decided to create a system for working with the Synodal Translation of the Bible, and in 1995 - with the academic publication of Pushkin and Griboedov for the Institute of World Literature.

Yet another indexer

When it became clear in 1993 that work on a new technology for searching Russian-language texts would continue, it was decided to come up with a simple and catchy name for it. Ilya began to write down words on a piece of paper that were related to technology. However, no original solutions came to mind. Then he took a different path. At that time, many new programs for UNIX-like systems, due to the lack of desire to come up with an original name, were simply called by adding the combination “yet another” to any word, meaning “yet another”. This is how “yet another indexer” appeared - “yet another indexer” or Yandex. I liked this name, especially since it can be deciphered as Language Index. Arkady suggested replacing the combination “ya” with the Russian “ya” to emphasize the focus on the Russian language. And so it appeared Yandex.

Then Artemy Lebedev offered an interesting interpretation: “I” in the word “Index” is translated into Russian as “I”. It turned out to be a kind of “index” in Russian. Already during the operation of the site, users came up with a new decoding with the division of the Internet in the spirit of Eastern philosophy into INDEX and YANDEX. But these two interpretations appeared much later, after the release of Yandex. So far, there was only technology that was tied to specific software products.

New Yandex for the new Internet

Even while working on the academic edition of the classics, an algorithm for constructing hypotheses was created. This algorithm made it possible to avoid strict binding to the dictionary that was available in the program. And he worked as follows. If during the search process an unfamiliar word comes across, the algorithm analyzes it and predicts the inflection paradigm using an existing dictionary, just as native speakers, having once heard a new term, can use it in various forms.

Then, in 1996, the developers realized that the new technology could be developed and sold independently, without being tied to specific texts. This idea was a very timely solution, since many companies needed similar search systems, and the Internet was gaining momentum in the country. In the fall of the same year, the opportunity arose to show the results of this work.

C ompTek took part in the Netcom"96 exhibition, where it presented two new products: Yandex.Dict, which was a layer between, who did not understand Russian morphology, and the user, and Yandex.Site- a search engine designed for installation on Internet sites. Over time, the first solution became not very popular, and Yandex.Site, which turned into Yandex.Server, and continues to be used today on many resources. A little more time passed, and the Yandex line was supplemented with two new products. It was Yandex.CD, which helps you find the document you need on the CD, and Yandex.Lib- a package for developers who need search capabilities for their products.

A November 25, 1996 Yandex took its first timid step onto the Internet. Anyone has the opportunity to perform a convenient search for Russian-language text using the popular search engine AltaVista. For this, the already mentioned query generation mechanism Yandex.Dict was used. Then it became clear that to create your own search engine, only a small step was needed - indexing Russian-language resources with your own bot. This was a relatively simple task: as soon as the robot was launched, it indexed all available resources, of which there were 5 thousand, which amounted to 4 GB of texts.

At the next exhibition there was an opportunity to show the solution in a favorable light Yandex.Web from CompTek, which can find everything on the Internet. Resource yandex.ru was opened on September 23, and its presentation took place 2 days later, on September 25, 1997, at the Softool "97 exhibition. The first version of the site with the original “slanted” design was created by Artemy Lebedev (his studio is still working on the appearance of Yandex services) And a CompTek employee kept in touch with users. Elena Kolmanovskaya, which took on the burden of establishing dialogue with the public.

Work for the people

Then it turned out that the new service had outgrown the scope of a simple demonstration of the capabilities of Yandex technology. Regular users began to use it, and the number of requests began to increase rapidly. That is why, after two months, the developers taught the search engine natural Russian. Yandex began to understand not only queries made using logical operators, but also ordinary sequences made up of several words. In addition to this, the new search engine was able to recognize the uniqueness of a document, showing only one copy in the results, and had its own relevance assessment algorithm, which made it possible to obtain among the first links the resources most relevant to the search query.

On September 30, i.e. a week after the opening of Yandex.Web, the first “Yandex fairy tale” appeared, a study of the contents of the Russian Internet with some philosophical overtones, and in December it became known that a link to Yandex would appear in the Russian version.

During 1998, the number of indexed texts doubled. To maintain performance, the developers partially changed the search engine algorithms. This year the design has been updated and convenient additions have been added. It is now possible to search among the results, as well as see what other users are looking for at the moment. Academic Search, now called Advanced, has two new features: sorting by date and searching for documents within a specific time range. The introduced “find similar documents” option deserves special attention. Users were able to clarify the request simply by clicking on the appropriate link.

The year 1999 can be called the year of the development of the Internet. Then the amount of information and users increased by an order of magnitude, and meanwhile Yandex came in fourth or fifth place in popularity. To better index the sharply increased volume of data, a new robot has been launched. It was created with the aim of effectively filtering spam, and also indexed image captions, descriptions and took into account much better, which made it possible to introduce search functions for one site and links to a specified resource.

To the already existing regularly published “fairy tales”, reflecting with a slight degree of irony the contents of network resources, was added the Index of Inconstancy of Interests of the Internet Population, abbreviated as NINI-index. From January 1, 1999 to January 1, 2005, weekly summaries were posted reflecting trends in search queries. They represented two five words, the interest in which over the week most sharply changed towards an increase (“finds”) or a decrease (“losses”). Yandex began to communicate more closely with users: a forum about the search engine appeared and the ability to subscribe to changes in search results for the desired query was added. The new mechanism, called " Subject Citation Index (TIC)", from now on, organized resources by importance and popularity, and search in categories made it possible to find information only among sites on a certain topic. " Family search”, designed to prevent pages with obscene or erotic content from appearing in the results.

1 December 5, 1999 Yandex and netBridge opened Molotok.Ru. This was followed by a joint project, which started on February 15, 2000. Coming out under the motto “Build your website in 60 seconds!”, it provided anyone with the opportunity to have a personal page. Soon the companies divided their areas of interest, and Molotok.Ru came under the full control of netBridge, and Narod.Ru became the property of Yandex. The changes that occurred in 1999 finally secured Yandex’s status as a social service and predetermined its further development. In just over two years, Yandex gained recognition and earned consistently high traffic, which became the reason for the changes that took place the following year.

Yandex promotion

The success of the new project predetermined the further history of its development, which required additional resources and assumed a management model that was radically different from that used at CompTek. Since 1999, Arkady Volozh, having chosen the promotion of Yandex as his main occupation, began to select from many potential partners. It was necessary to find people experienced in corporate construction who would not require a complete transfer of management and would be willing to invest a sufficient amount of funds.

And in the spring of 2000, an extremely important event occurred: an investment agreement was concluded with the company ru-Net Holdings, under which it received a little more than a third of the search engine. Yandex began to exist independently, separating from CompTek, and Arkady Volozh became the general director of the new company. It was not the company’s style to receive money and do nothing, so an expansion of staff and a grandiose development of the resource immediately followed.

The design changed for the fifth time, and an “ascetic” version of ya.ru appeared. On the other hand, new services have become available, such as Yandex.News, Yandex.Products, Yandex.Guru And Yandex Mail. The culmination of innovations was the week of launches of new services that took place in June 2000, which ended with the Yandex holiday. The toolbar was released in the fall Yandex.Bar. Also, 2000 was the year of the start of a large-scale advertising campaign, for which the slogan “Everything will be found!” was invented, which is still used today. The second advertising campaign, which started at the end of the year, was held under the slogan “All questions to Yandex.”

Yandex celebrated New Year 2001 with the event “New Year's Appeal of the People of Russia to the President,” in which everyone could take part. All received “letters” were summarized into a single text of the appeal. In mid-February, Yandex settled at a new address, where it acquired its own server room, since new services and an increasing flow of users required an expansion of the hardware base. By the summer, Yandex was able to top the list of the most visited Russian-language resources for the first time in its history.

In 2001 it was established Russian Open Internet Search Cup, also called the Yandex Cup. In the first year there were 2 cups, and until 2009 there were 9 cups and a competition between the winners, the so-called Cup Winners' Cup. Like the previous year, Yandex greeted 2002 with a memorable campaign. This time it was dedicated to the introduction of the euro into circulation.

Meanwhile, Runet was developing, and already in the spring the volume of data indexed by Yandex exceeded the landmark threshold of 1 TB. Users now have the ability to search for images using Yandex.Images, and in the summer together with a group of companies PayCash was launched. This was a significant step towards expanding the scope of services provided by Yandex, and had a noticeable impact on the Russian Internet as a whole.

Certain improvements related to filtering unwanted correspondence have also affected Yandex.Mail. At the end of 2002, three independent services, Pick Up, Guru and Products, were merged into Yandex Market, a project that is still popular today. This year, the company's management set an ambitious goal - to achieve self-sufficiency. It was decided to build a commercial model on , which made it possible not only to complete the task, but also to do it even before all the expected deadlines. The next stage in the development of Yandex has been completed.

Focus on creativity

In 2003, much attention was paid to the postal service, which underwent further changes that made it more convenient. These changes continued the following year: Yandex.Mail users received an unlimited mailbox size and a new “Spam Defense” spam filter. Also in 2003, a transition was made to the eighth version of the design. This time, anyone could take part in a two-week test of the new look of the main page and make constructive suggestions. It was slightly modified a year later, and in this form the page existed until 2007.

The Yandex.News service was significantly redesigned, becoming an organized collection of the most important news messages, grouped by topic. Photos and videos appeared in the news. The Internet search itself has also undergone changes: RTF, PDF and DOC documents now appear in the results, which has made it easier to find, for example, the necessary documentation, and XML output has been implemented for webmasters. A year later, support for PPT and XLS formats was added, as well as indexing of sites made in Flash.

In addition to the yandex.ru resource, other company products were also developed. So in 2003, the Yandex search engine started working on the presidential website, and in the fall a new line was presented, which included three solutions: Yandex.Server, which grew out of Yandex.Site, Yandex.Publisher, including Yandex.CD, and Yandex.SDK, which became continuation of Yandex.Lib. On June 3, 2003, the board of directors decided to pay the first dividends in the history of Russian Internet companies, amounting to $100,000, which was a completely logical step for a self-sustaining company. Yandex received two thirds of its revenue from contextual advertising. The following year, advertising profits tripled, and 2004 showed fantastic growth rates in the profitability of the business model created by Yandex.

Meanwhile, international players appeared on the Russian search engine market. They had an equally developed technological base and were serious competitors to Yandex. Runet was becoming closer to the West, which required not only maintaining the quality of the services provided, but radically changing the entire company. This affected not only search: all services required a new look. Yandex managers, accustomed to changes, coped with this task: they managed to expand the staff from 200 to 2,000 people, without turning into a dry corporation, but maintaining the developed creative style that users loved.

During this time, many new projects were launched, and existing ones received many improvements. Opened for users Yandex maps, subsequently closely connected with many other services and becoming one of the priority areas. Earned Yandex.WiFi, saw the light Yandex.Afisha and other projects, the hallmark of many of which was their focus on the needs of Russian users. It has become a tradition to hold regional seminars. This approach was correct: the Russian company had undeniable advantages over international competitors, which ensured Yandex’s victory in the Russian market.

At the same time, with timid steps, the company began to expand its geography, so in 2005 a Ukrainian representative office opened.

Time to expand your horizons

Now Yandex is working on two fronts: the company is trying to improve local services and cover foreign Internet space. In 2007, the Ukrainian version of the yandex.ua search was opened, and 2008 was the year the Yandex Labs division, located in California, was opened. In the same year, Yandex carried out significant work aimed at supporting international Internet standards such as Sitemap, and the GZIP, FOAF and MediaRSS protocols. This made it possible to work more efficiently with indexing not only Russian, but also foreign resources.

In the meantime, there was a noticeable change in the Yandex logo: all the letters became Russian and lost their serifs, gaining a technological look.

In 2009, the program was launched to provide users with search results that are most relevant to a specific city when required. On the other hand, in the same year, Yandex became closely involved in foreign content: testing began on a service that provides translation of found foreign sites, which was released already in 2011 under the name Yandex.Translation. In May 2010, users were able to search only among foreign sites by enabling the appropriate option or using the yandex.com domain. Then a search for images and videos was added to yandex.com. Yandex.by and the Tatar version of search started working.

At the same time, the number of local services for Ukraine grew and a regional search appeared, called “Poltava”. It was based on technology Matrixnet, applied a year earlier in the Snezhinsk program. The Yandex.Maps service, which has grown significantly over several years, has acquired its own mapping company, GIS Technologies. This is how Yandex came to 2011, which became another milestone in the development of the company.

At the very beginning of the year, advertisers were offered a new service - geo-advertising, which offers the identification of organizations on maps and the display of such maps in search results. The Yandex.Fabrika startup investment program was launched, in which not only Russian but also foreign projects could take part.

In May 2011, Yandex made an initial public offering on the high-tech NASDAQ exchange, which turned out to be even more successful than expected. They were placed 14% higher than forecast and rose in value by another 42% on the first day of trading. In terms of the volume of funds raised ($1.3 billion) as a result of the initial offering, Yandex took an honorable second place in the list of Internet companies, not surpassing only , which earned $1.67 billion in 2004. From this moment begins a new page in the history of Yandex, which has grown from an ambitious project into a huge company, while successfully preserving the unique style loved by millions of users.

Yandex is a Russian IT company, which owns the Internet search system and Internet portal of the same name. The Yandex search engine is 5th among search sites in the world in terms of the number of processed search queries. As of October 16, 2012, according to Alexa.com rankings, In terms of popularity, the website yandex.ru ranks 20th in the world and 1st in Russia.

The search engine Yandex.ru was officially announced on September 23, 1997, and at first developed within the framework of CompTek International. Yandex was formed as a separate company in 2000. In May 2011, Yandex held an initial public offering, earning more from it than any Internet company since the IPO of the search engine Google in 2004.

The main and priority direction of the company is the development of a search engine, but over the years, Yandex has become a multi-portal. In 2011, Yandex provides more than 30 services. The most popular are: Yandex.Pictures, Yandex.Mail, Yandex.Maps, Yandex.News, Yandex.Weather and others.

However, the concept of Yandex as a connection between an Internet search engine and all other things that greatly facilitate the everyday life of an Internet user was not born immediately, and neither was the search technology itself. As befits every ambitious project, it was preceded by a long and winding path, the history of which began back in the days when the global network in Russia was only talked about in the bowels of scientific research institutes.

Yandex video stories on Russia 24 channel in the Technopark program

Background: voluntary-obligatory cooperative

The year was 1988. At that time, mathematician and programmer Arkady Volozh, who had just completed his studies, worked at the Institute of Management Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he researched the possibility of processing large amounts of data, and the leadership of the Soviet Union tried to put the country on the feet of a market economy. They began to implement the adopted Law on Cooperation on a scale characteristic of Soviet leaders, and the head of the department where Volozh worked, without further hesitation, appointed him co-founder of the newly formed cooperative.

Since enterprises at that time lacked automated jobs, and the experience of the institute’s workers could solve this problem, it was decided to import Austrian personal computers, exchanging them (it was a wonderful time!) for seeds. However, Arkady was not directly involved in selling computers, but only performed technical work.

At that time, he met an American student, Robert Stubblebine, who had come on guard, from whom he took English lessons. But the common interests of the two young people were not limited only to foreign languages, and already in 1989 they jointly founded the company CompTek, which sold computer equipment. So the company could have specialized only in hardware if not for Volozh’s old connections.

Teach the computer to understand Russian

Having become deeply involved in commerce, Arkady Volozh did not give up his main place of work. At the institute, he continued to work on a program focused on searching for information in large volumes of text data. Then Arkady came up with the idea that it was necessary to somehow take into account the rich inflection inherent in the Russian language. And at that moment a person was found who was able to help cope with this difficult task. It was Arkady Borkovsky, who studied problems of computer linguistics at the Academy of Sciences. At the same time, the first important task appeared, where it was possible to successfully apply existing developments: the Institute of Patent Information needed a searchable classifier of inventions.

So two Arkady, Borkovsky and Volozh, created a company called Arcadia. They were joined by several programmers, among whom was Ilya Segalovich, Volozh’s friend since school. So, after much effort, the distribution kit of the “International Classifier of Inventions” was ready. It was also decided to sell it as a product for organizations working with patents.

At first, everything worked out well: the product was sold for about three years, and there was enough money to pay employees and advertise in newspapers. Then the “Classifier of Goods and Services” was developed. But the economy in the country dictated its own conditions in the early nineties, and buying such software products became much worse. On the other hand, Volozh's second company, CompTek, was gaining momentum by supplying computers and deploying networks to financial institutions. At that moment, a bold step was taken to preserve existing promising developments in the absence of demand: in 1993, it was decided to transform the small staff of Arcadia into the CompTek programming department.

Meanwhile, work continued on improving the search engine code. A team of specialists in the field of structural linguistics, led by Yuri Apresyan, provided a high-quality dictionary, and Ilya Segalovich and a group of programmers began to integrate it into the existing technology, which made the search capabilities even wider. The new CompTek department then took on more complex tasks. In 1994, it was decided to create a system for working with the Synodal Translation of the Bible, and in 1995, an academic publication of Pushkin and Griboyedov for the Institute of World Literature.

Origin of the word "Yandex"

When in 1993 it became clear that work on a new technology for searching Russian-language texts would continue, it was decided to come up with a simple and catchy name for it. Ilya began to write down words on a piece of paper that were related to technology. However, no original solutions came to mind. Then he went a different way. At that time, many new programs for UNIX-like systems, due to the lack of desire to come up with an original name, were simply called by adding the combination “yet another” to any word, meaning “one more.” This is how “yet another indexer” appeared - “yet another indexer” or Yandex. I liked this name, especially since it can be deciphered as Language Index. Arkady suggested replacing the combination “ya” with the Russian “ya” to emphasize the focus on the Russian language. This is how Yandex appeared.

Then Artemy Lebedev offered an interesting interpretation: “I” in the word “Index” is translated into Russian as “I”. It turned out to be a kind of “index” in Russian. Already during the operation of the site, users came up with a new decoding with the division of the Internet in the spirit of Eastern philosophy into INDEX and YANDEX. But these two interpretations appeared much later, after Yandex went online. So far, there was only technology that was tied to specific software products.

New Yandex for the new Internet

Even while working on the academic edition of the classics, an algorithm for constructing hypotheses was created. This algorithm made it possible to avoid being strictly tied to the dictionary that was available in the program. And he worked as follows. If during the search process an unfamiliar word comes across, the algorithm analyzes it and predicts the inflection paradigm using an existing dictionary, just as native speakers, having once heard a new term, can use it in various forms.

CompTek took part in the Netcom"96 exhibition, where it presented two new products: Yandex.Dict, which was a layer between a search engine that does not understand Russian morphology and the user, and Yandex.Site, a search engine designed for installation on Internet sites. Over time, the first solution became not very popular, and Yandex.Site, which turned into Yandex.Server, continues to be used today on many resources. A little more time passed, and the Yandex line was supplemented with two new products. This was Yandex.CD, which helps to find. the required document on CD, and Yandex.Lib - a package for developers who need search capabilities for their products.

And on November 25, 1996, Yandex took its first timid step onto the Internet. Anyone has the opportunity to perform a convenient search for Russian-language text using the popular search engine AltaVista. For this, the already mentioned query generation mechanism Yandex.Dict was used. Then it became clear that to create your own search engine, only a small step was needed - indexing Russian-language resources with your own bot. This was a relatively simple task: as soon as the robot was launched, it indexed all available resources, of which there were 5 thousand, which amounted to 4 GB of texts.

At the next exhibition there was an opportunity to show in a favorable light the Yandex-Web solution from CompTek, which is capable of finding everything that is on the network. The yandex.ru resource was opened on September 23, and its presentation took place 2 days later, on September 25, 1997, at the Softool "97 exhibition. The first version of the site with an original “slanted” design was created by Artemy Lebedev (his studio is still working on the external the appearance of Yandex services).

Work for the people

Already on September 30, i.e. a week after the opening of Yandex-Web, the first “Yandex fairy tale” appeared, a study of the contents of the Russian Internet with some philosophical overtones, and in December it became known that a link to Yandex would appear in the Russian version of Internet Explorer 4.0.

During 1998 the number of indexed texts doubled. To maintain performance, the developers partially changed the search engine algorithms. This year the design has been updated and convenient additions have been added. It is now possible to search among the results, as well as see what other users are looking for at the moment. Academic Search, now called Advanced, has two new features: sorting by date and searching for documents within a specific time range. The introduced “find similar documents” option deserves special attention. Users were able to clarify the request simply by clicking on the appropriate link.

1999 can be called the year of Internet development. Then the amount of information and users increased by an order of magnitude, and meanwhile Yandex came in fourth or fifth place in popularity. To better index the sharply increased volume of data, a new robot has been launched. It was created with the aim of effectively filtering spam, and also indexed image captions, descriptions and took into account links much better, which made it possible to introduce search functions for one site and links to a specified resource.

To the already existing regularly published “fairy tales”, reflecting with a slight degree of irony the contents of network resources, was added the Index of Inconstancy of Interests of the Internet Population, abbreviated as NINI-index. From January 1, 1999 to January 1, 2005, weekly summaries were posted reflecting trends in search queries. They represented two five words, the interest in which over the week most sharply changed towards an increase (“finds”) or a decrease (“losses”). Yandex began to communicate more closely with users: a forum about the search engine appeared and the ability to subscribe to changes in search results for the desired query was added. The new mechanism, called the “citation index,” now ordered resources by importance and popularity, and search in categories made it possible to find information only among sites on a certain topic. A "Family Search" was also introduced to prevent pages with obscene or erotic content from appearing in results.

On December 15, 1999, Yandex and netBridge opened the online auction Molotok.Ru. This was followed by the joint project Narod.Ru, which started on February 15, 2000. Launched under the motto “Build your website in 60 seconds!”, it provided anyone with the opportunity to create a personal page. Soon the companies divided their areas of interest, and Molotok.Ru came under the full control of netBridge, and Narod.Ru became the property of Yandex. The changes that occurred in 1999 finally secured Yandex’s status as a social service and predetermined its further development. In just over two years, Yandex gained recognition and earned consistently high traffic, which became the reason for the changes that took place the following year.

Yandex promotion

The success of the new project predetermined the further history of its development, which required additional resources and assumed a management model that was completely different from that used at CompTek. Since 1999, Arkady Volozh, having chosen the promotion of Yandex as his main occupation, began to select from many potential partners. It was necessary to find people experienced in corporate construction who would not require a complete transfer of management and would be willing to invest a sufficient amount of funds.

And in the spring of 2000, an extremely important event occurred: an investment agreement was concluded with the company ru-Net Holdings, under which it received a little more than a third of the search engine. Yandex began to exist independently, separating from CompTek, and Arkady Volozh became the general director of the new company. It was not the company’s style to receive money and do nothing, so an expansion of staff and a grandiose development of the resource immediately followed.

The design changed for the fifth time, and an “ascetic” version of ya.ru appeared. On the other hand, new services have become available, such as Yandex.Bookmarks, Yandex.News, Yandex.Products, Yandex.Guru and Yandex.Mail. The culmination of innovations was the week of launches of new services that took place in June 2000, which ended with the Yandex holiday. In the fall, the Yandex.Bar toolbar was released. Also, 2000 was the year of the start of a large-scale advertising campaign, for which the slogan “Everything will be found!” was invented, which is still used today. The second advertising campaign, launched at the end of the year, was held under the slogan “All questions to Yandex.”

New Year 2001 Yandex celebrated with the event “New Year’s Appeal of the People of Russia to the President,” in which everyone could take part. All received “letters” were summarized into a single text of the appeal. In mid-February, Yandex settled at a new address, where it acquired its own server room, since new services and an increasing flow of users required an expansion of the hardware base. By the summer, Yandex was able to top the list of the most visited Russian-language resources for the first time in its history.

In 2001, the Open Russian Cup for Internet Search, also called the Yandex Cup, was established. In the first year there were 2 cups, and until 2009 there were 9 cups and a competition between the winners, the so-called Cup Winners' Cup. Like the previous year, Yandex greeted 2002 with a memorable campaign. This time it was dedicated to the introduction of the euro into circulation.

Meanwhile, Runet was developing, and already in the spring the volume of data indexed by Yandex exceeded the landmark threshold of 1 TB. Users now have the opportunity to search for images using Yandex.Images, and in the summer, together with the PayCash group of companies, the electronic payment system Yandex.Money was launched. This was a significant step towards expanding the scope of services provided by Yandex, and had a noticeable impact on the Russian Internet as a whole.

Certain improvements related to filtering unwanted correspondence have affected Yandex.Mail. At the end of 2002, three independent services, Podpiri, Guru and Products, were combined into Yandex.Market, a project that continues to be popular today. This year, the company's management set an ambitious goal - to achieve self-sufficiency. It was decided to build a commercial model on contextual advertising, which made it possible not only to complete the task, but also to do it even before all the expected deadlines. The next stage in the development of Yandex has been completed.

Focus on creativity

In 2003 Much attention was paid to the postal service, which underwent further changes that made it more convenient. These changes continued the following year: Yandex.Mail users received an unlimited mailbox size and a new “Spam Defense” spam filter. Also in 2003, a transition was made to the eighth version of the design. This time, anyone could take part in a two-week test of the new look of the main page and make constructive suggestions. It was slightly modified a year later, and in this form the page existed until 2007.

Meanwhile, international players appeared on the Russian search engine market. They had an equally developed technological base and were serious competitors to Yandex. Runet was becoming closer to the West, which required not only maintaining the quality of the services provided, but radically changing everything for the entire company. This affected not only search: all services required a new look. Yandex managers, accustomed to changes, coped with this task: they managed to expand the staff from 200 to 2,000 people, without turning into a dry corporation, but maintaining the developed creative style that users loved.

During this time, many new projects were launched, and existing ones received many improvements. Yandex.Maps was opened for users, which was subsequently closely connected with many other services and became one of the priority areas. Yandex.WiFi launched, Yandex.Afisha and other projects were released, many of which were distinguished by their focus on the needs of Russian users. It has become a tradition to hold regional seminars. This approach was correct: the Russian company had undeniable advantages over international competitors, which ensured Yandex’s victory in the Russian market.

At the same time, with timid steps, the company began to expand its geography, so in 2005 a Ukrainian representative office opened.

Time to expand your horizons

Now Yandex is working on two fronts: the company is trying to improve local services and cover the foreign Internet space. In 2007, the Ukrainian version of the yandex.ua search was opened, and 2008 was the year the Yandex Labs division, located in California, was opened. In the same year, Yandex carried out significant work aimed at supporting international Internet standards such as Sitemap, and the GZIP, FOAF and MediaRSS protocols. This made it possible to work more efficiently with indexing not only Russian, but also foreign resources.

In the meantime, there was a noticeable change in the Yandex logo: all the letters became Russian and lost their serifs, gaining a technological look.

In 2009, the Snezhinsk program started, providing users with search results that are most relevant to a specific city when required. On the other hand, in the same year, Yandex became deeply involved in foreign content: it began testing a service that provides translation of found foreign sites, which was released in 2011 under the name Yandex.Translation. In May 2010, users were able to search only among foreign sites by enabling the appropriate option or using the yandex.com domain. Then a search for images and videos was added to yandex.com. Yandex.by and the Tatar version of search started working.

At the same time, the number of local services for Ukraine grew and a regional search appeared, called “Poltava”. It was based on Matrixnet technology, used a year earlier in the Snezhinsk program. The Yandex.Maps service, which has grown significantly over several years, has acquired its own mapping company, GIS Technologies. This is how Yandex came to be in 2011, which became another milestone in the development of the company.

At the very beginning of the year, advertisers were offered a new service - geo-advertising, which offered highlighting organizations on maps and displaying search queries. The Yandex.Fabrika startup investment program was launched, in which not only Russian but also foreign projects could take part.

In May 2011, Yandex made an initial public offering on the high-tech NASDAQ exchange, which turned out to be even more successful than expected. They were placed 14% higher than forecast and rose in value by another 42% on the first day of trading. In terms of the volume of funds raised ($1.3 billion) as a result of the initial offering, Yandex took an honorable second place in the list of Internet companies, not beating only Google, which earned $1.67 billion in 2004. From this moment begins a new page in the history of Yandex, which has grown from an ambitious project into a huge company, while successfully preserving the unique style loved by millions of users.

The Yandex search system was introduced to the public in September 1997. More than 20 years have passed since its announcement. During this time, a whole generation of people appeared who grew up in close contact with this search engine.

What has changed during the existence of this search engine in the Internet world, and how did it enter the life of the population of an entire country?

History of origin

Yandex owes its birth to a group of talented programmers who, back in 1993, set themselves the goal of creating a search engine that would find the necessary files on a computer’s hard drive. The core of this group was Arkady Volozh, who wanted this system to take into account the morphology of the language in its work.

To do this, together with his friends, Volozh opens a software company and calls it “Arcadia”. These programmers were the ones who invented Yandex. That's when the search program came into being.

What does the name mean

The choice of name for the search engine gave rise to much debate. At first they wanted to call the system Search, which means “search”. But patriotic feelings prevailed, and the owners of Yandex decided that since the program was created for Russia, the name should be in harmony with the Russian language. The name we know now was suggested by a friend of the founder, Ilya Segalovich, who became one of the co-owners of the Internet enterprise.

After consulting, the founding fathers came to the conclusion that the word “index” is better known to the Russian-speaking population. Therefore, we took it as a basis. And since Russia already had similar programs, they decided to add “yet another,” which means “one more.” By combining all three words together, they got “yandex”.

How Yandex became the most popular search engine in Russia

At the time of the launch of Yandex, Russia already had search engines. For example, at the turn of the 2000s, popular Internet searches were “Rambler” and “Aport”. However, within 2 years of operation, the new search system took a strong position and earned 72 thousand dollars for the owners of Yandex.

Gradually, the new search engine expanded its scope of services, creating an email service and its own software. Expansion occurred not only through “white” methods. For example, when installing software downloaded from the Internet, many people pay attention to the fact that the service’s programs are installed at the same time: its browser, Yandex bar, music extension, Yandex search. These applications appear on users' computers like mushrooms after rain, subtly inviting them to use them.

In 2017, in terms of the number of users in Russia, this search engine surpassed all similar services, including Google. This is not surprising, given the huge number of services that Yandex owners offer.

Who is the true owner of the company

Despite positioning itself as a Russian company, Yandex is a joint-stock company, the authorized capital of which is owned by the Dutch-registered joint-stock company Yandex N.V.

The block of shares among shareholders was distributed as follows:

Arkady Volozh - 10.5%;
heirs of Ilya Segalovich, who died in 2013, - 2.5%;
directors and employees of Yandex - 6.8%;
Baring Vostok - 9.9%;
Pre-IPO shareholders - 3.3%;
public shareholders - 67%.

It turns out that the bulk of the shares belong to global capital and the owners of Yandex, with the exception of a small proportion of directors, are global bankers.

What services does Yandex provide?

Yandex has long outgrown just a search engine. Today it provides many services that satisfy the different needs of Internet users:

Mail. Provides postal services free of charge.
Weather. The service automatically tracks the location of the user's computer and provides weather data.
Market. A very useful service that provides various information about products: prices in various stores, characteristics, as well as customer reviews.
Money. Find out the owner of the Yandex. account. Money” the state of his electronic wallet is now not difficult. Account management is intuitive and can be done from any device.
Disk. Cloud storage for user files. You can not only save data on it, but also use it as a file hosting service.
Cards. They will help you build the shortest route when planning a trip, and will also provide information about a geographic location. Using Yandex maps, you can find out about the nearest restaurants, gas station or post office.

The number of services provided by the company is constantly increasing, and any user will find something interesting and useful for themselves.

Postal service

One of the very first services launched by Yandex was an email application. 20 years later it remains just as in demand. This service combines convenience and ease of use. For comfortable work it has many settings:

In the “security” section you can monitor unauthorized visits from unknown IP addresses. It is possible to easily change the password, and there is a log of visits.
In the “Collect mail from other addresses” section, you can combine several mailboxes. Letters will be collected from different postal services.
Setting a ban on receiving letters from certain addresses occurs in the “Mail processing rules” section. You can also configure automatic memorization of new recipients here.
In the design section you can set any theme for the mail interface.
Display of the RSS feed is configured in the subscription section.

The Yandex. service is undeniably convenient. Mail". It is now quite easy for the owner to find out about the status of his money account, view an organizer with upcoming events, or download a file from the cloud directly from his personal account, using such a service.

Internet browser

Yandex did not ignore programs for surfing the Internet. He integrated his services into the Chrome browser shell and the result was a worthy product that has the following advantages:

Ad blocking. Website owners who abuse advertising turn their Internet resources into a trash heap. The user regards unnecessary advertisements as garbage that interferes with the study of content. The browser's built-in blocker will make browsing sites easier.
Enhanced security. The browser has a built-in antivirus that monitors changes to important program components. He also monitors files saved on the computer and monitors the safety of personal data. Protects against spyware penetration.
When the connection is slow, the program turns on Turbo mode. In this case, the content is compressed on Yandex servers and then transferred to the user’s computer, saving traffic.
Can synchronize browsing history data, passwords, bookmarks with mobile devices.

In addition, the Internet browser has built-in options that can only be installed as extensions on browsers from other manufacturers. For example, a contextual translator, hints explaining the meaning of words, a currency converter.

Payment system

The company currently issues its own plastic cards. The plastic number is linked to the owner’s Yandex wallet. Money". You can find out your account status using your card number using a computer and mobile applications.

In 2002, Yandex opened its own payment system. By servicing electronic wallets, it makes it possible to perform financial transactions:

payment for purchases in online stores;
payment of fines and housing and communal services;
transfers to plastic cards;
mobile phone account replenishment;
receiving remuneration for work performed;
withdrawal of funds through the ATM system.

The owner of the Yandex. wallet Money" can carry out transactions not only through a computer, but also through ATMs. This is achieved by the fact that the payment system works with large Russian banks.

Is it possible to find out the owner using a Yandex wallet?

People use the World Wide Web not only to search for information, but also to earn money. In this regard, fraudsters of all stripes are using digital technologies to fool the public.

Anyone can open an anonymous Yandex wallet. Money". The owner of such a wallet is not required to provide passport information about himself. It is this loophole that attracts criminals. Often, for fraudulent schemes, such accounts are opened, money is collected and cashed out, after which the accounts are liquidated.

How to find out the owner of a Yandex wallet. Money"? The answer is no. Therefore, when transferring money to an unfamiliar account, you need to protect yourself as follows:

Do not transfer money to anonymous accounts of unknown people.
Transfer money only to registered and identified wallets. If force majeure occurs, you can contact support with a description of the situation. It is much easier to find the identified owner of a Yandex wallet by number. He is registered in the system and his details are fully verified.

It is advisable to make financial transactions on trustworthy sites or in systems that ensure the security of transactions.

Order a taxi online

Residents of large cities noticed the appearance of taxi cars with a large inscription “Yandex”. Every month, an online taxi ordering service appears in a new city, expanding its geography. At the beginning of 2018, this service operated in 126 cities in Russia, Uzbekistan, Georgia, and Ukraine.

The service operates through a mobile application, or an order can be made on the official website. After this, the information is sent to drivers who are closest to the client. Thus, the time spent waiting for a taxi is reduced to a minimum.

Cars operating under this program are divided into 3 categories: economy, comfort and business. The difference will be in the class of cars and the cost of the trip.

Any driver who has a car under 5 years old can become a partner of this program and earn money by providing taxi services.

How to become a partner

To a driver who decides to become a Yandex. Taxi" has several requirements:

Official registration of individual entrepreneurs.
Timely vehicle inspection.
Obtaining a license for passenger transportation.
Passing an exam on knowledge of the city in which he will work.
Driving experience of at least 3 years.

In addition, the driver must have a neat appearance, follow the rules of etiquette and be polite to the client. The quality of service is monitored by the company through a mobile application, in which the client leaves feedback after the trip.

The advantage of working under this program is that you can quickly find a suitable client and there is no competition between drivers. Information about the order is sent to a smartphone connected to the Internet. For its mediation, the service collects from the owner of Yandex. Taxi" from 11 to 20% of the order cost.

In 1997, indexing the entire Russian Internet fit on 3 hard drives with a total capacity of 3 GB. At that time, Runet consisted of 5,000 sites.

At the time of its founding, the company consisted of 10 people who are still working today, with the exception of Ilya Segalovich, who died in 2013 at the age of 48.

In 2009, the Russian government, considering that Yandex was a strategic media outlet, obliged the company to sell its “golden share” to Sberbank of Russia. This promotion allows you to introduce a ban on the sale of 25% of assets. Despite this, in 2011 the company's shares were sold on the American NASDAQ exchange in the amount of 16%. Then in 2014, the Oppenheimer fund bought shares, for which V.V. Putin publicly reproached the management.

Company achievements

In 2017, the share price reached its highest level in the entire history of trading on the stock exchange.

The lion's share of the company's earnings comes from Yandex. Direct." This area is associated with the provision of advertising services to business representatives. In the form of contextual advertising, Yandex places advertisements on sites registered in the YAN system.

In 2017, the Russian President paid a visit to the central office. He was presented with the company's developments: an unmanned vehicle, new search algorithms, and the work of a voice assistant.

In 2018, the company posted a video on its YouTube channel with its new development of an unmanned vehicle.

The car drove along the Moscow-Kazan highway, covering more than 700 km in 11 hours. The driver controlled the actions of the drone, but no intervention was required in the operation of the car.

Who is the owner of the Yandex browser. Briefly about what the word "Yandex" means

Why is Yandex called Yandex?

What is Yandex and what does it represent today?

How was Yandex created?

Background: voluntary-obligatory cooperative

Teach the computer to understand Russian

Yet another indexer

New Yandex for the new Internet

Work for the people

Yandex promotion

Focus on creativity

Time to expand your horizons

Yandex video stories on Russia 24 channel in the Technopark program

Background: voluntary-obligatory cooperative

Teach the computer to understand Russian

Origin of the word "Yandex"

New Yandex for the new Internet

Work for the people

Yandex promotion

Focus on creativity

Time to expand your horizons

History of origin

What does the name mean

How Yandex became the most popular search engine in Russia

Who is the true owner of the company

What services does Yandex provide?

Postal service

Internet browser

Payment system

Is it possible to find out the owner using a Yandex wallet?

Order a taxi online

How to become a partner

Company achievements

Password recovery