Device diagrams for recovery (regeneration) electroplating batteries (batteries). Features of some types of galvanic elements and their brief descriptions Restoration of galvanic elements and batteries

To restore the performance of batteries (repeatedly charged galvanic elements based on the reversible electrical energy transformation into a chemical and vice versa) use special chargers that allow you to "download" into a discharged battery to another portion of energy. Unlike batteries, electroplating elements and disposable batteries were not initially propagated (otherwise they would be called differently). However, during the operation of some galvanic elements and batteries, it was possible to partially restore their properties by charging.

To charge batteries, several methods are used, the main of which should be considered a permanent ocom. Often, the estimated time of complete charge is 0 hour. In addition to the classic, the charging method for ampere (rule amper-hours), charging pulsating and (or) symmetric current, charging at a constant voltage assisting alternate charging-discharge with an adjustable ratio and predominance of the charging component, express charge, stepwise charge, "Floating" charge, compensatory recharge, etc.

Not bad results give the battery charging current varying in accordance with the so-called "Ampl-Clock" Woodbridge. At the beginning of charging the current is maximum, and then decreases according to the law described by the exponential curve. When charging in accordance with the "AMPER-HOURS", the initial current can reach 80% of the battery capacity,

the result of charging time is significantly reduced.

Each of the listed methods has both advantages and disadvantages. The most common and reliable is considered to be charged with a constant current. The emergence of the chip of voltage stabilizers, allowing to operate in current stabilization mode, makes the use of this method even more attractive. In addition, only charging constant current ensures the best recovery of the battery capacity in the case when the process is divided, as a rule, two steps: charge the rated current and twice as smaller.

For example, the rated battery voltage of four batteries D-0.25 with a capacity of 250 mA-h - 4.8 ... 5 6. The nominal charging current is usually chosen equal to 0.1 of the tank, i.e. 25 mA. They charge such a current until the voltage on the battery does not reach 5.7 ... 5.8 6 with the connected terminals of the charger, and then for two or three hours continue to charge about 12 / and / a.

The possibility of increasing the service life of dry electroplating elements (the method of regeneration) was laid down by the Ernst Patent in 1954 (US Patent). Regeneration is carried out by passing through a galvanic element or their asymmetric AC group with a half-period ratio of 1:10. According to different authors, the average service life of galvanic elements can be increased in this way from 4 to 20 times.

1. regenerations can be elements, the voltage of which is lower than the denomination of no more than 10%;
2. the voltage for the regeneration of the element should not exceed more than 10% nominal value;
3. the regeneration current must be within 25 ... 30% of the maximum discharge current for this item;
4. the regeneration time should be 4.5 ... 6 times higher than the discharge time;
5. regeneration should be performed directly following the discharge of the battery;
6. do not regenerate for elements with a damaged zinc case, with a flowing electrolyte.

In addition to the charging operations for some types of batteries, regeneration is a relevant issue (

becoming) As far as possible, their source properties are lost as a result of improper storage and / or operation.

Resuscitation techniques and restoring the resources of discharged electrical batteries (dry galvanic batteries and elements) in general terms are similar and sometimes correspond to the appropriate procedures for batteries.

Devices for charge, recovery or regeneration of chemical current sources typically contain a current stabilizer, sometimes overstrain protection or recharging device, instruments and control and control schemes.

For example, in practice for nickel-cadmium batteries, several types of charging devices were distributed.

Charger with fixed direct current. The charging of the battery is stopped manually after a time has expired sufficient for complete charging. The charging current should be 0.1 from the battery capacity for 12 ... 15 hours.

Charging current fixed. The voltage on the charging battery is controlled by a threshold device. When the specified voltage is reached, the charging is automatically terminated.

The charger charges the battery with a constant current for a fixed time. Charging automatically stops after an expiration, for example, 15 hours. The last variant of the charger has a significant drawback. Before charging, the battery must be discharged to voltage 1 6, only then when charging 0.1 from the battery tank for 15 hours, the battery charges to a nominal container. Otherwise, when charging a not fully discharged battery during the specified time it will recharge it, which leads to a reduction in service time.

In the first two variants of devices, charging with a constant stable current is not optimal. The studies have established that at the very beginning of the charging cycle, the battery is most susceptible to the number of electricity to the reported it. By the end of the charging, the accumulation process of the battery power slows down.

The device for the regeneration of electroplating elements and charge batteries asymmetric current containing three capacitors, two diodes, the first capacitor is connected by one output with the first input terminal, and another output with a positive output terminal of the device, the first diode is connected by the cathode with a positive output terminal of the device, the second is connected Anode with a negative output and second input terminals of the device, the second capacitor is connected by one output with the first input terminal of the device, and by another output with the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode, characterized in that it additionally contains two LEDs, a resistor, the first LED is connected by a cathode with a positive The output terminal of the device, and the anode is connected in series with a third capacitor and the first input terminal, the second LED is connected by a cathode with a negative output terminal of the device, and the anode is connected in series with a resistor and positive input terminal. 1 il.

The invention relates to the electrical industry and is intended for charge, forming batteries (AB) and the regeneration of galvanic elements. A device for the regeneration of elements and charge an AB asymmetric current containing an AC source, two capacitors and two valves, an anode of one of which and the cathode of another are connected to the output terminals of the device, the source of the AC forms a three-bearing star with condensers, which is connected to one condenser branch to the total Point of valves, and other branches to the output terminals for connecting a charged battery. The disadvantage of this device is that there is no indication of the charge process of AB or regeneration of chemical elements. At the same time, a device for the regeneration of electroplating elements and charge batteries asymmetric current is an analog containing three capacitor, two diodes, the first capacitor is connected by one output with the first input terminal, and another output with a positive output terminal of the device, the first diode is connected by a cathode with a positive output terminal. Devices, the first diode is connected by a cathode with a positive output terminal of the device, the second is connected by an anode with a negative output and the second input terminals of the device, the capacitor is connected by one output with the first input terminal of the device, and another output with the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode. This device provides an indication of the charge directly using the neon indicator lamp. The disadvantage of this device is that the functioning of the neon indicator lamp on the intended purpose requires two additional diodes. The proposed device for the regeneration of electroplating elements and charge batteries asymmetric current containing three capacitors, two diodes, the first capacitor is connected by one output with the first input terminal, and by another output with a positive output terminal of the device, the first diode is connected by the cathode with a positive output terminal of the device, the second The anode with a negative output and second input terminals of the device, the second capacitor is connected by one output with the first input terminal of the device, and another output with the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode, additionally contains two LEDs, a resistor, the first LED is connected by a cathode with a positive output terminal of the device And the anode is connected in series with a third capacitor and the first input terminal, the second LED is connected by a cathode with a negative output terminal of the device, and the anode is connected in series with a resistor and positive output terminal. The drawing shows the scheme of the proposed device. The device for the regeneration of electroplating elements and charge batteries asymmetric current contains three condensers 1, 2, 3, two diodes 4, 5, the condenser 1 is connected by one output with the input terminal 6, and another output with a positive output terminal 7 of the device, diode 4 is connected The cathode with a positive output terminal 7 of the device, diode 5 is connected to the anode with a negative output terminal 8 and the input terminal 9 of the device, the condenser 2 is connected by one output with the input terminal 6 of the device, and another output with the diode 4 and the diode cathode 5, two LEDs 10 , 11, resistor 12, LED 10 is connected by a cathode with a positive output terminal 7 of the device, and the anode is connected sequentially with the condenser 3 and the input terminal 6, the LED 11 is connected by the cathode with the negative output terminal 8 of the device, and the anode is connected in series with a resistor 12 and positive output. 7 terminal. The device works as follows. Throughout that part of the positive half-period of the network voltage, when the voltage on the condenser 2 is larger than the EDC of the charged AB or the regenerated element (RE), through the capacitor 2, diode 4, the positive output terminal 7 and AB or RB flows the charging current, and the remainder of the abbe Or RE discharged through capacitor 1, input terminal 5, AC source, input terminal 9 and output terminal 8. When the voltage of a positive half-period reaches the ignition voltage of the LED 10, it is ignited by chains: AC source, input terminal 6, capacitor 3, LED 10, Output terminal 7, AB or RE, Output terminal 8, Input terminal 9, Source of alternating current. During the negative half-period, the LED 10 does not shine. In the absence of a charging current (when the charge chain is breaking or a sufficiently large inner resistance of AB or RB), during a negative semiprition of the network voltage, the capacitor 1 is charged to the amplitude value of the network voltage and this voltage throughout the rest of the half period is supported unchanged. At the same time, the LED 10 is not ignited, since during a positive half-period, the difference in voltages on the condenser 1 and the instantaneous network voltage is insufficient for the ignition of the LED 10. When charging AB or RE to the voltage of the end of the charge, the LED 11 in the chain: positive output terminal 7, resistor 12 , LED 11, negative terminal 8. Ignition of the LED 11 when connecting to AB or RB to the output terminals 7, 8 and before connecting the device to the AC source indicates the inexpediency of the BB or RE charge.

Claim

The device for the regeneration of electroplating elements and charge batteries asymmetric current containing three capacitors, two diodes, the first capacitor is connected by one output with the first input terminal, and another output with a positive output terminal of the device, the first diode is connected by the cathode with a positive output terminal of the device, the second is connected Anode with a negative output and second input terminals of the device, the second capacitor is connected by one output with the first input terminal of the device, and by another output with the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode, characterized in that it additionally contains two LEDs, a resistor, the first LED is connected by a cathode with a positive The output terminal of the device, and the anode is connected in series with a third capacitor and the first input terminal, the second LED is connected by a cathode with a negative output terminal of the device, and the anode is connected in series with a resistor and positive input terminal.

Those who do not have electricity in the country are certainly experiencing certain inconveniences in the most elementary things. Well, okay there, there is no refrigerator or TV ... But sometimes even the mobile phone is not able to recharge. Spare batteries - do not fight and not navigate.

Meanwhile, there is a fairly simple way to get an electric current is sufficient for the work of the simplest electronic devices right on site and at high costs. Yes, the light bulb to such a source cannot be connected, but to provide a powerful radio receiver or recharge the mobile phone completely. The same source will be able to charge small batteries and hike until tourists sleep or rest. And that is especially valuable, this source is literally a penny, it works independently from any weather conditions and does not even have any moving parts at all.

The principle of operation of this current source is based on the fact that some metals form a so-called one. Galvanic couples. Those. With their contact, the simplest galvanic element producing electric current is formed. For example, for this reason, it is impossible to connect direct wires from copper and aluminum. At the place of their contact immediately begins to form copper, leading to a violation of contact.

If two electrodes from such metals are placed in the electrolyte, they will begin to produce an electric current. Why not use this effect in order to solve at least one problem - with the same charging of the mobile phone in the absence of a power grid.

When such a simplest element can be used as electrodes any copper and iron segments of the wire, and better plates. Plates will give a larger current. And the quality of the electrolyte will suit the raw land (primer), which is better to impregnate with brine.

What would not spoil the Earth on your site, it is better to pour land in buckets (you can and lean) or even in plastic bags.

The land is poured into the bag, it is abundantly poured by a salt solution and two electrodes are stuck into it. If you connect a voltmeter to these electrodes, you will see that it shows the presence of voltage.

Of course, the voltage of such an element is small - 0.5-1 volts maximum. And the current that it produces 20-50 mA. But what prevents us from makeing several such elements and combine them consistently! Thus, we achieve the necessary voltage sufficient to charge the mobile phone battery or other device.

Of course, such an element is primitive, has a low efficiency. But! First, it is extremely cheerful and done from the materials that are lying under their feet - (wire, pipe trimming, metal plate). Secondly, it does not require any gestures on your part after its manufacture. It is maintenance free! Made once - use the whole season. Well, except for watering occasionally, maintaining soil moisture. Thirdly - make it forces even a schoolboy of junior classes.

In the fourth - it is very mobile. What is important for tourists, for example. They smashed the parking, stuck electrodes into the ground, poured the bucket of water and please charge. Overnight, batteries of lanterns, mobile phones, racies, cameras and navigators will receive the necessary feed.

Such elements used even at the dawn of electronics, when the batteries were very deficit and roads. Now, with the advent of very economical and low-voltage electronic devices of mass use, they may be able to benefit someone again.

The idea of \u200b\u200brestoring discharged galvanic elements is similar to the battery is not Nova. Restore elements using special charger. It has practically established that the most common cups of manganese-zinc elements and batteries are better than others, such as 3336l (KBS-L-0,5), 3336x (KBS-X-0,7), 373, 336. Highlights are worse Manganese-zinc batteries "Krona Mz", Basg and others.

The best way to regenerate chemical power sources is transmitting an asymmetric alternating current through them having a positive constant component. The simplest source of asymmetric current is a single-alpapid rectifier on a diode, a smoky resistor. The rectifier is connected to the secondary low-voltage (5-10 V) winding of a lowering transformer feeding from the AC network. However, such a charger has a low to. P. D. - about 10% and, in addition, a charged battery with random disconnection of the voltage that feeds the transformer may be discharged.

The best results can be achieved if you use the charger performed according to the scheme shown in Fig. 1. In this device, the secondary winding II nourishes two separate rectifiers on diodes D1 and D2, to the outputs of which two charged batteries B1 and B2 are connected.

Parallel diodes D1 and D2 included C1 and C2 capacitors. In fig. 2 shows the current oscillogram passing through the battery. The shaded part of the period is the time during which the discharge current pulses occur through the battery.

fig. 2.

These impulses obviously have a special way affect the course of electrochemical processes in the active materials of electroplating elements. The processes occurring at the same time are not yet sufficiently studied and their descriptions are not in popular literature. In the absence of discharge current pulses (which happens when disconnecting the condenser included in parallel diodes), the regeneration of the elements has practically stopped.

The experimental way is established that manganese-zinc electroplating elements are relatively small critical to the magnitude of the constant component and the shape of the negative charge current pulses. This allows you to use a charger without additional adjustment of the constant and variable component of the charging current for recovery, various elements and batteries. The ratio of the constant component of the charge current to the effective value of its variable component should be within 5-25.

The performance of the charger can be enhanced, including the charge for several elements sequentially. In this case, it is necessary to take into account that in the process of charge e. d. s. Elements may increase to 2-2.1.V. Based on this, and knowing the voltage on the secondary winding of the transformer, determine the number of simultaneously charged items.

Connect the battery pack of type 3336l to the charger is more convenient through the incandescent bulb 2.5V x 0,2A, which plays the role of the bararter and at the same time serving the indicator of the degree of charge. As the electric charge of the battery is restored, the glow light is reduced. The elements of the Mars type (373) must be connected without a light bulb, since the constant component of the charging current of such an element must be 200-400 mA. Elements 336 are connected by groups of three pieces included sequentially. The charge conditions are the same as for batteries type 3336. Charging current for elements 312, 316 must be 30-60 mA. Possible simultaneous charge of large groups of batteries 3336l (3336x) directly from the network (without a transformer) through two connected diodes D226B, parallel to which the condenser is 0.5 μF with an operating voltage of 600 V.

The charger can be performed on the basis of the transformer of the electric shaver "youth", which makes two secondary windings with a voltage of 7.5 V. It is also convenient to use the slope of 6.3 in any network lamp radio. Naturally, a solution is chosen depending on the required maximum charging current, which is determined by the type of restored elements. From the same proceed, choosing rectifying diodes.

fig. 3.

In order to estimate the effectiveness of this method for the restoration of electroplating elements and batteries, in Fig. 3 shows the discharge voltage graphs for two batteries 3336l with a load resistance RN \u003d 10 Ohm. Solid lines show the discharge curves of new batteries, and dotted - after twenty complete discharge cycles - charge. Thus, the performance of the batteries after twenty-3d use is still quite satisfactory.

How many cycles discharge-charge can withstand galvanic elements and batteries? Obviously, it strongly depends on the conditions of operation, the timing of storage and other factors. In fig. 4 shows the change, the discharge time on the load RN \u003d 10 Ohms of two batteries 3336l (curves 1 and 2) for 21 cycles of the discharge-charge. The batteries discharged to voltage at least 2.1 V, the charge mode of both batteries is the same. During the specified battery operation time, the discharge time decreased from 120-130 minutes to 50-80 minutes, that is, almost twice.

fig. four

The same decrease in the capacity is allowed by the technical conditions at the end of the set maximum storage period. It is practically able to restore elements and batteries until they have completely destroyed zinc cups or will not dry the electrolyte. It has been established that more cycles are withstanding elements intensively discharged to a powerful gear (for example, in flashlights, in the power blocks of the electric RAST). You should not discharge the elements and batteries to the voltage below 0.7 V per item. The regenebility of elements 373 is relatively worse, since after 3-6 cycles, their container decreases sharply.

The necessary duration of the charge can be done, withdrawing, using the schedule; Presented in Fig. 4. With increasing charge time over 5 hours, the restored battery capacity increases on average very slightly. Therefore, it can be assumed that under the indicated charging current values, the minimum recovery time is 4-6 hours, and the explicit signs of the end of the charge mar-gantsevo-zinc elements do not have insensitive to reload.

The use of asymmetric current is also useful for charging and forming batteries and batteries. This question, however, still requires verification in practice and can open up new interesting batteries.