Voltage regulator 220V with your own hands for the soldering iron. Soldering temperature controller do it yourself, or soldering station? Scheme with low-power thyristor

In order for the soldering to be beautiful and high quality, it is necessary to choose the power of the soldering iron correctly, ensure the temperature of the sting. It all depends on the solder brand. Your choice is provided by several schemeter regulators control regulators, which can be made at home. They are easy to easily replace industrial analogs, besides, the price and complexity will be different.

Caution! Touching the elements of the thyristor scheme can lead to a life-threatening injury!

To adjust the temperature of the soldering iron, soldering stations are used, which in automatic and manual modes supports the specified temperature. The availability of the soldering station is limited to the size of the wallet. I solved this problem, making a manual regulator temperature having smooth adjustment. The scheme is easily finalized to automatically maintaining the specified temperature mode. But I concluded that manual adjustment is enough, since the temperature of the room and the network current is stable.

Classical Thyristor Regulator Scheme

The classic regulator scheme was bad in that there was radiating interference issued on the ether and network. The radio amples are interfere with these interference when working. If you refine the scheme by including filter in it, the design dimensions will increase significantly. But this scheme can also be used in other cases, for example, if it is necessary to adjust the brightness of incandescent lamps or heating devices, the power of which is 20-60 W. Therefore, I imagine this scheme.

To understand how it works, consider the principle of work of a thyristor. Thyristor is a semiconductor device of a closed or open type. To open it, the voltage is supplied to the control electrode. It depends on the chosen thyristor, relative to the cathode (letter K in the diagram). Thyristor opened, a voltage equal to zero was formed between the cathode and anode. It is impossible to close it through the electrode. It will be open until the time while the cathode voltage (k) and the anode (a) will not be close to zero. Here is the principle. The scheme works as follows: Through the load (soldering iron winding or incandescent lamp), a voltage is fed to the diode bridge of the rectifier, performed by VD1-VD4 diodes. It serves to convert an alternating current to a constant, which varies according to the sinusoidal law (1 diagram). In the extreme left position, the resistance of the average rendering of the resistor is 0. With an increase in the voltage, C1 capacitor is charged. When the C1 voltage is 2-5 V, the VS1 will go through R2. At the same time, the discovery of a thyristor, shorting the diode bridge, the maximum current will pass through the load (chart on top). If you turn the R1 resistor knob, the resistance will occur, the C1 capacitor will be charged longer. Consequently, the opening of the resistor will not occur immediately. The more powerful R1, the longer the C1 will go to charge. Rotating the handle to the right or left, you can adjust the heating temperature of the soldering iron.

The photo above provides a regulator diagram collected on a thyristor KU202N. To control this thyristor (in the passport there is a current 100mA, real - 20 mA), it is necessary to reduce the ratings of the resistors R1, R2, R3, we will exclude the capacitance of the capacitor. Capacity C1 must be increased to 20 μF.

The simplest thyristor regulator circuit

Here is another option of the scheme, only simplified, details of the minimum. 4 diode replaced with one VD1. The difference of this scheme is that the adjustment occurs with the positive period of the network. A negative period, passing through the Diode VD1, remains unchanged, the power can be adjusted from 50% to 100%. If you exclude VD1 from the circuit, the power can be adjusted in the range from 0% to 50%.

If you apply the KN102A Distortor into the gap from R1 and R2, you will have to replace C1 to a capacitor with a capacity of 0.1 μF. For this scheme, such rates of thyristors are suitable: KU201L (K), KU202K (H, M, L), KU103B, with a voltage for them more than 300 V. Diodes, the reverse voltage of which is not less than 300 V.

The above-mentioned schemes are successfully suitable for adjusting incandescent bulbs in luminaires. Control LED and energy-saving lamps will not be able, as they have electronic control circuits. This will flash or work a lamp at full capacity, which ultimately will lead it out of order.

If you want to apply regulators to work on a 24.36 V network, you will have to reduce the ratings of the resistors and replace the thyristor to the appropriate one. If the power of the soldering iron is 40 W, the voltage of the network 36 V, it will consume 1.1 A.

Thyristor regulator diagram without emitting interference

This scheme differs from the previous in the absence of a radio domain, since the processes occur at the moment when the voltage of the network is 0. Getting started to create a regulator, I proceeded from the following considerations: components should have a low price, high reliability, small dimensions, the scheme itself should Being simple, easily repeated, efficiency should be close to 100%, interference should be missing. The scheme should be able to upgrade.

The principle of operation of the scheme is next. VD1-VD4 straighten the network voltage. The resulting constant voltage varies by amplitude equal to half of the sinusoids with a frequency of 100 Hz (1 diagram). Current, passing through R1 on VD6 - Stabilitron, 9V (2 diagram), has another form. Through VD5 pulses charge C1, creating 9 in voltages for DD1, DD2 chip. R2 applies to protect. It serves to limit the voltage entered on VD5, VD6 to 22 V and forms a clock pulse for the operation of the scheme. R1 transmits a signal to 5, 6 element output 2 or not a logical digital chip DD1.1, which in turn inverts the signal and converts it to a short rectangular pulse (3 diagram). The pulse comes from the 4th output of the DD1 and comes to the output D No. 8 of the DD2.1 trigger, which works in RS mode. The principle of operation DD2.1 is the same as and DD1.1 (4 diagram). Having considered Charts No. 2 and 4, it is possible to draw conclusions that there is practically no difference. It turns out that with R1 you can submit a signal to display No. 5 DD2.1. But this is not the case, R1 has many interference. You will have to install a filter, which is not appropriate. Without double formation of the scheme of stable operation will not be.

The control circuit of the regulator is assembled on the basis of the DD2.2 trigger, it works according to the following principle. C withdrawal No. 13 of the trigger DD2.1 arrive at 3 output DD2.2, overwriting the level of which occurs at the output No. 1 DD2.2, which at this stage are located on the input of the chip (5 output). The opposite level of the signal is on 2 output. I propose to consider the principle of operation DD2.2. Suppose that on 2 output, a logical unit. C2 is charged to the required voltage through R4, R5. When the first pulse with a positive drop on 2 output is formed 0, the C2 is discharged via VD7. The subsequent drop by 3 output will establish a logical unit on 2, C2 will begin accumulating the container through R4, R5. Charging time depends on R5. What it is more, the longer there will be charging C2. While C2 capacitor does not accumulate 1 \\ 2 tanks, on 5 output will be 0. The pulse drop in 3 input will not affect the change in the logical level to 2 output. When the complete charge of the capacitor is reached, the process will occur. The number of pulses specified by the R5 resistor will flow on DD2.2. The pulse drop will occur only in those moments when the voltage of the network will go through 0. That is why there are no interference on this regulator. With 1 output DD2.2 on DD1.2 pulses are served. DD1.2 eliminates the effect of VS1 (thyristor) on DD2.2. R6 is set to limit the VS1 control current. The soldering iron is served voltage due to the discovery of a thyristor. This is due to the fact that a thyristor comes with a positive potential from the control electrode VS1. This regulator allows power adjustment in the range of 50-99%. Although the resistor R5 is variable, due to the included DD2.2, the soldering iron adjustment is carried out in a stepwise manner. When R5 \u003d 0, 50% of the power (5 diagram) is flowing, if rotated to a certain angle, will be 66% (6 diagram), then 75% (7 diagram). The closer to the calculated power of the soldering iron, the smooth operation of the regulator. Suppose there is a soldering iron on 40 W, its capacity can be adjusted in the region of 20-40 W.

Design and details of temperature controller

Details of the regulator are located on a fiberglass printed circuit board. The board is placed in a plastic case from a former adapter having an electrical plug. The plastic handle is hoping on the R5 resistor axis. On the chassis of the regulator there are marks with numbers, allowing to understand which temperature is selected.

Soldering cord soldering to the board. Connecting the soldering iron to the regulator can be made detachable to be able to connect other objects. The scheme consumes current not exceeding 2ma. It is even smaller than the consumption of the LED in the backlight of the switch. Special measures to ensure the operation mode of the device are not required.

At a voltage of 300 V and a current of 0.5 A, the chips are used DD1, DD2 and 176 or 561; Diodes any VD1-VD4. VD5, VD7 - impulse, any; VD6 is a low-power stabilion with a voltage of 9 V. Capacitors of any resistor too. Power R1 must be 0.5 W. Additional adjustment of the regulator will not need. If the details are good and errors did not occur when connected, it will earn right away.

The scheme was developed for a long time, when there were no laser printers and computers. For this reason, the printed circuit board was manufactured at the Dedovsky method, a diagram paper was used, the grid step is 2.5 mm. Further, the drawing was glued with the "moment" on the paper on the tight, and the paper itself on the foil fiberglass. Why drilled holes, tracks of conductors and contact pads were drawn up manually.

My drawing of the regulator has been preserved. The photo shows. Initially, a diode bridge was used with the CC407 rating (VD1-VD4). They ruined a couple of times, had to be replaced with 4 diodes type KD209.

How to reduce the level of interference from thyristor power regulators

To reduce interference emitted by a thyristor regulator, ferrite filters are used. They are a ferrite ring having a winding. These filters are found in pulsed television blocks, computers and other products. Any thyristor regulator can be equipped with a filter that will effectively suppress interference. To do this, skip the network wire through the ferrite ring.

The ferrite filter should be installed near the sources of emergency, directly at the installation site of the thyristor. The filter can be located both outside the housing and inside. The more the number of turns, the better the filter will suppress interference, but it is enough to turn the wire going to the outlet through the ring.

The ring can be removed from computer peripheral interface wires, printers, monitors, scanners. If you look at the wire that connects the monitor or printer with the system unit, you can notice the cylindrical thickening on it. It is in this place that a ferrite filter is located, which serves to protect against high-frequency interference.

We take the knife, cut the insulation and remove the ferrite ring. Surely your friends or you have fallen an old interface cable of a kinescopic monitor or an inkjet printer.

In order to get a high-quality and beautiful soldering, it is necessary to correctly pick up the power of the soldering iron and ensure a certain temperature of it, depending on the brand of the solder used. I offer several schemes of self-made thyristor regulators of the heat heating temperature, which will successfully replace many industrial incomparable and complexity.

ATTENTION, below the thyristor temperature control circuits are galvanically not unleashed with an eclectic network and touching the current elements of the scheme is dangerous for life!

To adjust the temperature of the soldering iron, soldering stations are used, in which the optimum tag of the soldering iron is supported in manual or automatic mode. The availability of a soldering station for a home master is limited to a high price. For myself, I decided to regulate the temperature, developing and making a regulator with manual smooth temperature adjustment. The scheme can be finalized to automatically maintain the temperature, but I do not see in this sense, and the practice has shown, quite manual adjustment, since the voltage in the network is stable and the room temperature is also.

Classical Thyristor Regulator Scheme

The classic thyristor scheme of the power regulator of the soldering iron did not correspond to one of my main requirements, the absence of radiating interference in the nourishing network and ether. And for the radio amateur, such interference makes it impossible to fully engage in favorite business. If the scheme is supplemented with a filter, the design will be cumbersome. But for many cases of use, this scheme of a thyristor regulator can be successfully used, for example, to adjust the brightness of the glow of incandescent lamps and heating devices with a capacity of 20-60W. Therefore, I decided to present this scheme.

In order to understand how the scheme works, I will stop more on the principle of the work of a thyristor. Thyristor, this is a semiconductor device that is either open or closed. To open it, you need to submit a positive voltage of 2-5 V to the control electrode, depending on the type of thyristor, relative to the cathode (the scheme is indicated by K). After the thyristor opened (resistance between the anode and the cathode becomes 0), it is not possible to close it through the control electrode. Thyristor will be opened until the voltage between its anode and cathode (in the diagram is indicated A and K) will not be close to zero. That's so simple.

Works the classic regulator scheme as follows. The AC power voltage is supplied through the load (incandescent bulb or the soldering iron light), on the bridge of the rectifier, made on VD1-VD4 diodes. The diode bridge converts an alternating voltage into constant, varying according to the sinusoidal law (diagram 1). When the average withdrawal of the resistor R1 in the extreme left position, its resistance is 0 and when the voltage in the network begins to increase, the C1 condenser begins to charge. When C1 charges to a voltage of 2-5 V, through R2, the current will go to the control electrode VS1. Thyristor will open, the diode bridge will burst and the maximum current (upper diagram) will go through the load.

When you turn the handle of the A variable resistor R1, its resistance will increase, the C1 capacitor charge current will decrease and it will be necessary more time that the voltage on it reaches 2-5 V, this thyristor will not appear immediately, and after some time. The greater the value of R1, the greater the charge time C1, the thyristor will open later and the resulting load will be proportionally less. Thus, the rotation of the handle of the variable resistor is controlled by the heating temperature of the soldering iron or the brightness of the glow of incandescent bulb.

The above is the classic thyristor regulator circuit performed on a thyristor CU202H. Since to control this thyristor, a larger current is needed (according to the passport 100 mA, the real about 20 mA), then the ratios of resistors R1 and R2 are reduced, and R3 is excluded, and the magnitude of the electrolytic capacitor is increased. When repeating the scheme, it may be necessary to increase the rating of the C1 condenser to 20 μF.

The simplest thyristor regulator circuit

Here is another simple circuit of a thyristor power regulator, a simplified version of the classic regulator. The number of parts is minimized. Instead of four VD1-VD4 diodes, one VD1 is used. The principle of its work is the same as the classical scheme. Schemes are distinguished by the fact that adjustment in this temperature regulator circuit occurs only at a positive period of the network, and the negative period pass through VD1 unchanged, so power can only be adjusted in the range from 50 to 100%. To adjust the heating temperature, the soldering iron has a greater and not required. If the VD1 diode is excluded, the power adjustment range will be from 0 to 50%.

If you add a dietor chain from R1 and R2 into rupture, such as KN102a, then the electrolytic C1 capacitor can be replaced with an ordinary capacity of 0.1 MF. Thyristors for the above schemes are suitable, KU103V, KU201K (L), KU202K (L, M, H), designed for direct voltage of more than 300 V. Diodes, too, almost any, calculated on the reverse voltage of at least 300 V.

The above circuits of thyristor power regulators with success can be used to control the brightness of the luminaires of the lamps in which the incandescent bulbs are installed. To regulate the brightness of the luminaires of the lamps in which energy-saving or LED bulbs are installed, it will not work, since the electronic circuits are mounted in such light bulbs, and the regulator simply will violate their normal operation. Light bulbs will shine at full power or blink and it may even lead to premature way out of order.

Schemes can be used to adjust with the supply voltage in the AC 36 V or 24 V. Network, it is necessary only to reduce the ratings of the resistors and apply a thyristor corresponding to the load. So the soldering iron with a power of 40 W at a voltage of 36 V will consume a current of 1.1 A.

Thyristor regulator diagram without emitting interference

The main difference of the scheme of the represented power regulator of the soldering iron from the above presented is the complete absence of radio interrogation into the electrical network, since all transient processes occur during when the voltage in the supply network is zero.

Getting Started to develop a temperature regulator for the soldering iron, I proceeded from the following considerations. The scheme should be simple, easily repetitive, components must be cheap and affordable, high reliability, minimal dimensions, the efficiency is close to 100%, the absence of radiating interference, the possibility of upgrading.

Works temperature controller scheme as follows. AC voltage from the supply network is straightened by a VD1-VD4 diode bridge. From the sinusoidal signal, a constant voltage is obtained, varying by amplitude as half of sinusoids with a frequency of 100 Hz (diagram 1). Next, the current passes through the bounding resistor R1 to the VD6 stabilodron, where the voltage is limited by amplitude to 9 V, and has another form (chart 2). The obtained pulses charge through the VD5 diode electrolytic capacitor C1, creating a supply voltage of about 9 V for the DD1 and DD2 chip. R2 performs a protective function by limiting the maximum possible voltage on VD5 and VD6 to 22 V, and ensures the formation of a clock pulse for the operation of the circuit. With R1, the formed signal is fed by another 5 and 6 pins of the 2-liter-not logical digital chip DD1.1, which inverts the incoming signal and converts to short rectangular shape pulses (diagram 3). With 4 output DD1, the pulses are enrolled on 8 output D trigger DD2.1 operating in RS trigger mode. DD2.1, too, as DD1.1, performs the function of inverting and generating a signal (chart 4).

Note that the signals on the diagram 2 and 4 are almost the same, and it seemed that you can feed the signal from R1 directly to 5 output DD2.1. But studies have shown that in the signal after R1 there are many coming from the supply network of interference and without double-forming a scheme was not stable. And put additional LC filters when there are free logical elements is not advisable.

On the DD2.2 trigger, the Soldering Temperature Controller is collected and it works as follows. On withdrawal 3 DD2.2 from the output 13 DD2.1, rectangular pulses are received, which is overwritten by the positive front at the output 1 DD2.2 level, which is currently present to the chip input (output 5). On the output 2 signal of the opposite level. Consider work DD2.2 in detail. Let's say on the output 2, a logical unit. Through resistors R4, R5 CONDENSER C2 charges to supply voltage. When the first pulse is received with a positive drop at the output 2, 0 and C2 capacitor via the VD7 diode will quickly discharge. The next positive drop on the output 3 will install a logical unit at the output and through the R4 resistors, the C2 condenser will begin to charge.

Charge time is determined by time constant R5 and C2. The amount of R5 more, the longer it will be charged C2. While C2 does not charge until half the supply voltage on the output 5, there will be a logical zero and positive pulse drops at the input 3 will not change the logical level at the output 2. As soon as the capacitor charges, the process will repeat.

Thus, the number of pulses from the supply network will be held at the outputs of DD2.2, and the most importantly, these pulse drops will occur during the transition of voltage in the supply network through zero. Hence the lack of noise from the temperature of the temperature regulator.

From the output of 1 chip DD2.2, pulses are fed to the inverter DD1.2, which serve to eliminate the effect of the vs1 thyristor to work DD2.2. The R6 resistor limits the Tristor control current of the VS1. When a positive potential is supplied to the VS1 control electrode, the thyristor opens and voltage is applied to the soldering iron. The regulator allows you to adjust the power of the soldering iron from 50 to 99%. Although the R5 resistor variable, adjustment due to the operation of DD2.2 heating the soldering iron is carried out stepped. With R5 equal to zero, 50% of the power is supplied (diagram 5), when it turns to some angle, 66% (diagram 6) is already 75% (diagram 7). Thus, the closer to the calculated power of the soldering iron, the smooth the adjustment works, which makes it easy to adjust the temperature of the soldering iron. For example, a soldering iron 40 W, it will be possible to adjust the power from 20 to 40 W.

Design and details of temperature controller

All parts of the thyristor temperature controller are placed on a glassware printed circuit board. Since the scheme does not have a galvanic junction with an electrical network, the fee is placed in a small plastic case of a former adapter with an electric fork. On the axis of the variable resistor R5, the handle from plastics. Around the knob on the chassis of the regulator, for the convenience of regulating the degree of heating of the soldering iron, the scale is applied with symptoms.

The cord coming from the soldering iron is soldered directly to the printed circuit board. You can make a connection of the soldering iron splitting, then there will be the ability to connect other soldering plans to the temperature controller. It is not surprising, but the current consumed by the temperature control circuit of the temperature controller does not exceed 2 mA. This is less than the LED consumes in the lighting switches lighting circuit. Therefore, adopting special measures to ensure the temperature mode of the device is not required.

Chips DD1 and DD2 any 176 or 561 series. The Soviet thyristor KU103B can be replaced, for example, a modern thyristor of MCR100-6 or MCR100-8, calculated on the switching current up to 0.8 A. In this case, it will be possible to control the heating of the soldering iron with a capacity of up to 150 W. VD1-VD4 diodes Any, calculated on the reverse voltage of at least 300 V and current of at least 0.5 A. Perfectly suitable in4007 (UB \u003d 1000 V, i \u003d 1 A). VD5 and VD7 diodes any impulse. Stabilitron VD6 Any low-power stabilization voltage of about 9 V. Capacitors of any type. Resistors any, R1 with a capacity of 0.5 watts.

Power control is not required. With good details and without installation errors earn immediately.

The scheme was developed many years ago, when the computers and the more laser printers were not in nature and therefore I did the drawing of the printed fee on the grandfather technology on the chart paper with a mesh step 2.5 mm. Then the drawing was glued with the "moment" glue on dense paper, and the paper itself to foil fiberglass. Next, the holes were drilled on a homemade drilling machine and the hands of future conductors and contact pads for soldering parts were traded.

The drawing of the thyristor temperature controller is preserved. Here is his picture. Initially, the VD1-VD4 rectifier diode bridge was performed on the KC407 microsite, but after two times the microsalon was broken, replaced with four KD209 diodes.

How to reduce the level of interference from thyristor regulators

To reduce interference with thyristor power regulators, ferrite filters are used in the electrical network, which are a ferrite ring with watched wires. Such ferrite filters can be found in all pulsed power supplies, television and other products. An effective, overwhelming fruit filter can be equipped any thyristor regulator. It is enough to skip the wire connections to the electrical network through the ferrite ring.

Installing a ferrite filter needs to be as close as possible to the source of interference, that is, to the place of installation of a thyristor. Ferrite filter can be placed both inside the body of the device, and from its external side. The more turns, the better the ferrite filter will suppress interference, but it is enough and just to turn the network wire through the ring.

The ferrite ring can be taken from interface wires of computer equipment, monitors, printers, scanners. If you pay attention to the wire connecting the system block of the computer with a monitor or printer, then notice the cylindrical isolation thickening on the wire. In this place is a ferrite filter of high-frequency interference.

It is enough to cut a plastic insulation and remove the ferrite ring. Surely you or your friends find an unnecessary interface cable from an inkjet printer or an old kinescopic monitor.

For many experienced radio amateurs, the manufacture of power regulator for the soldering iron with their own hands is quite common. For beginners due to lack of experience, such structures represent a certain complexity. The main problem is to connect to a power supply of 220 seconds. If there are errors in the circuit or installation, a rather unpleasant effect may occur, accompanied by loud sound and disconnection of the voltage. Therefore, in the absence of experience, it is desirable first to acquire the simplest device for adjusting the capacity, and after its operation and study based on the acquired experience, make your own, more perfect.

Electric soldering iron, this is a hand tool intended for melting solder and warming up to the desired temperature of the parts connected.

To prevent emergency situations, you should install the circuit breaker with a small maximum permissible current and one or two sockets. Outlets need to be used for primary connection of manufactured devices. Such a safety measure will avoid common shutdown and hikes to the shield, as well as ulcer comments from the family members.

Stage controller power

To make an adjusting device you need to pick up:

• the transformer is 220 V with a power exceeding the power of the soldering iron by 20-25% (the voltage on the secondary winding must be at least 200 B);
• switch for 3-4 positions, you can greater. The maximum allowable current of contacts must correspond to the current consumed of the soldering iron;
• the case of the required size;
• cord with a fork;
• outlet.

Also need fasteners, screws, screws with nuts. The secondary winding should be rewinded by setting the outputs to voltage from 150 to 220. The number of conclusions will depend on the type of switch, the voltage at the outputs is desirable to distribute evenly. In the power circuit, you can set the switch and voltage indicator to display the ON / OFF state.

The device works as follows. In the presence of power on the primary winding on the secondary, the voltage of the corresponding value is formed. Depending on the position of the S1 switch, the soldering iron will flow from 150 to 220 V. By changing the position of the switch, you can change the heating temperature. In the presence of parts, make such a device forces even a newcomer.

Controller with smooth power adjustment

This scheme allows you to collect a compact slide controller with a smooth adjustment of power consumed. The device can be mounted in a socket or charger case from a mobile phone. The device can work with load up to 500 W. For the manufacture you will need:

• thyristor ku208g or its analogues;
• kR1125KP2 diode, it is possible to replace similar diodes;
• capacitor with a capacity of 0.1 μF with a voltage of at least 160 V;
• resistor 10 com;
• variable resistor 470 com.

The device is quite simple, in the absence of assembly errors, it starts to work immediately, without additional adjustment. In the power circuit, it is desirable to turn on the voltage presence indicator and fuse. The power consumption of the soldering iron is regulated by a variable resistor. As a regulator of the heat heating temperature, you can use the transformer of the required power. The optimal option is to use the device with the name "LATER", but such devices have long been removed from production. In addition, they have considerable weight and dimensions, it is possible to use them only inpatient.

Temperature Controller

The device is a thermostat that turns off the load when the specified parameter is reached. The measuring element should be fixed on the steering of the soldering iron. To connect, you need to use the wire in heat-resistant insulation, output them to the common jack for connecting the soldering iron. You can use individual connections, but it is inconvenient.

Temperature control is carried out by the KMT-4 thermistor or other with similar parameters. The principle of operation is quite simple. The thermal resistance and the regulating resistor are a voltage divider. A variable resistance sets a certain potential in the middle point of the divider. The thermistor with heating changes its resistance and, accordingly, changes the installed voltage. Depending on the level of the microcircuit, the control signal on the transistor displays.

The low-voltage power supply is implemented through a limiting resistor and is supported at the required level of stabilion and smoothing electrolytic capacitor. The transistor current of the emitter opens or closes a thyristor. The soldering iron is connected consistently with a thyristor.

The maximum permissible power of the soldering iron is no more than 200 W. If necessary, use a more powerful soldering iron, you need to use diodes with a large maximum permissible current for a rectifier bridge, instead of a thyristor - a trinistor. All the power elements of the scheme must be installed on the heat or copper radiators. The required size at a power of 2 kW for the diodes of the rectifier bridge is at least 70 cm 2, for the trinistora 300 cm 2.

Sieve-simistor regulator

The most optimal scheme for adjusting the power of the soldering iron is a simistory regulator. The soldering iron is turned on sequentially with the simistor. All controls operate on the voltage drop in the power regulating element. The scheme is pretty simple and can be performed by radio amateurs with small experience. The rating of the control resistor can be changed depending on the required range at the output of the regulator. With a value of 100 kΩ, the voltage from 160 to 220 V can be changed, at 220 kΩ - from 90 to 220 V. With the maximum mode of operation of the regulator, the soldering iron voltage differs from the network for 2-3 B, which distinguishes it for the better from devices with Thyristo. Changing the voltage smooth, you can set any value. The LED in the scheme is designed to stabilize the work, and not as an indicator. Replace or exclude it from the schema is not recommended. The device begins to work unstable. If necessary, you can install an additional LED as an indicator of the presence of a voltage with the corresponding restrictive elements.

For installation, you can use a conventional installation box. Installation can be made by attaching or make a fee. To connect the soldering iron, it is desirable to install a socket at the output of the regulator.

When installing a switch in the input chain, you need to use a device with two pairs of contacts, which will turn off both wires. The manufacture of the device does not require significant material costs, quite simply can be performed by novice radio amateurs. Adjustment when working is the selection of the optimal voltage range for the soldering iron. Performed by the selection of the nominal variable resistor.

The simplest regulator scheme

The easiest temperature regulator for the soldering iron can be assembled from a diode with a maximum direct current according to the power of the soldering iron and switch. The scheme is going to be very simple - the diode is connected in parallel with the switch contacts. The principle of operation: with open contacts on the soldering iron, only half-periods of one polarity are coming, the voltage will be 110 V. The soldering iron will have a low temperature. When contacting the soldering iron contacts, the full voltage of the network with a par with a par with a period of 220 V. The soldering iron warms up to the maximum temperature. Such a scheme will prevent the sting of the tool from overheating and oxidation, it will help to significantly reduce the consumption of electricity.

Constructive design can be any. You can use a manual switch or set the switch with the lever system on the stand. When the tool is lowered to the stand, the switch must operate the contacts, when picked up.

All those who can use the soldering iron tries to fight the phenomenon of overheating in the sting and as a result of this worsening of the quality of the soldering. To combat this, not very pleasant fact I suggest you to collect one of the simple and reliable schemes of the power regulator with your own hands.

For its manufacture you will need a wire variable resistor of the SP5-30 type or a similar and tin can. Drilling, in the center of the bottom of the bank hole and install a resistor there, and we carry out a wiring

This and very simple device will increase the quality of the soldering and can also protect the sting of the soldering iron from the destruction due to overheating.

Brilliant - simple. Compared to the diode, the variable resistor is not easier and unreliable. But the soldering iron with a diode is weak, and the resistor allows you to work without flowing and without undoc. Where to take a powerful, suitable resistance variable resistor? It's easier to find a permanent, and the switch used in the "classic" scheme is replaced by a three-position

The duty and maximum heating of the soldering iron is supplemented with the optimal corresponding medium switch position. The heating of the resistor compared to will decrease, and the reliability of operation will increase.

Another very simple radio amateur development, but in contrast to the first two with a higher efficiency

Resistor and transistor regulators are uneconomical. Increase efficiency, you can also turn on the diode. At the same time, a more convenient regulation limit is achieved (50-100%). Semiconductor devices can be placed on one radiator.

The straightening diodes voltage enters a parametric voltage stabilizer consisting of resistance R1, VD5 stabitron and C2 tank. The nine voltage created by them is used to power the meter chip K561I8.

In addition, the previously straightened voltage, through the C1 capacitance in the form of a half-period with a frequency of 100 Hz, passes to the input 14 of the meter.

K561I8 This is a regular decimal counter, therefore, with each pulse at the CN input on the outputs, a logical unit will be sequentially installed. If the switch switch is to move, by 10 output, then with the appearance of each fifth pulse, the meter is reset and the account will begin again, and on the output 3, the logical unit will be installed only for a time of one half-period. Therefore, the transistor and the thyristor will only be opened through four semi-periods. SA1 toggle switch You can adjust the amount of missed half-periods and the power of the circuit.

The diode bridge is used in the diagram of such power so that it corresponds to the power of the connected load. As heating devices, you can apply such as the electrolycove, TEN, etc.

The scheme is very simple, and consists of two parts: power and control. The first part includes a thyristor VS1, from the anode of which is adjustable voltage to the soldering iron.

The control circuit, implemented on the VT1 and VT2 transistors, manages the operation of the previously mentioned thyristor. It is powered through a parametric stabilizer assembled on a R5 resistor and VD1 stabilion. Stabilirt is designed to stabilize and limit the voltage that feeds the construction. The resistance R5 is exhausted excess voltage, and the output voltage is adjusted by variable resistance R2.

As a building case, take a conventional outlet. When you buy, choose it to be made from plastics.

This controller controls the power from zero to maximum. HL1 (neon lamp MN3 ... MN13, etc.) - Linearizes control and simultaneously performs the indicator function indicator. Condensor C1 (with a capacity of 0.1 μF) - generates a saw-shaped pulse and implements the function of protecting the control chain from interference. Resistance R1 (220 com) - power regulator. Resistor R2 (1 com) - limits the current flowing through the anode - the cathode VS1 and R1. R3 (300 Ohms) - limits the current through Neon HL1 () and the control electrode of the Simistor.

The regulator is assembled in the housing from the power unit of the Soviet calculator. Symistor and potentiometer are fixed on steel corner, 0.5 mm thick. The corner is applied to the body with two screws M2.5 using insulating washers. Resistance R2, R3 and Neonka HL1 are placed in an insulating tube (Cambrick) and secured using mounted mounting.

T1: BT139 Simistor, T2: BC547 Transistor, D1: DB3 Dististor, D2 and D3: 1N4007 Diode, C1: 47NF / 400V, C2: 220UF / 25 V, R1 and R3: 470K, R2: 2K6, R4: 100R, P1 : 2m2, LED 5 mm red.

Simistor BT139 is used to adjust the phase of the "resistive" load of the heating element of the soldering iron. The red LED is a visual indicator of the design activity.

The basis of the PIC16F628A MK schema, which is carried out by PWM regulation of the power consumption radio amateur input to the main tool.

If your soldering iron is a high power of 40 watts, then when soldering small radio elements, especially the SMD components are difficult to pick up the moment when the soldering will be optimal. And they are simply not possible to solder SMD small things. In order not to spend money on the purchase of a soldering station, especially if you do not need it often. I suggest collecting this prefix to your mainly radio amateur tool.

The basis was the article in the journal Radio No. 10 for 2014. When this article came to the eye, I liked the idea and simplicity of implementation. But I myself use small-sized low-voltage soldering iron.

Directly scheme for low-voltage soldering supplies cannot be used due to low resistance of the soldering iron heater and as a result of a significant current of the measuring circuit. I decided to redo the scheme.

The resulting scheme is suitable for any soldering iron with a supply voltage up to 30B. The heater of which has a positive TKS (hot has greater resistance). The best result will give a ceramic heater. For example, you can run a soldering iron from a soldering station with a burnt thermal sensor. But the soldiers with the heater from nichrome also work.

Since the ratings in the diagram depend on the resistance and TCS of the heater, before implementing it is necessary to choose and check the soldering iron. Measure the resistance of the heater in the cold and hot condition.

And also recommend checking the reaction to the mechanical load. One of my soldiers was with a trick. Measure the resistance of the cold heater briefly turn on and re-measure the measurement. After warming up, measuring resistance, press on the sting and lightly say imitating the work with the soldering iron, follow the racing of resistance. My soldering iron in the end behaved as if he did not have a heater and a coal microphone. As a result, when you try to work, a slightly stronger pressing led to a disconnection due to an increase in the resistance of the heater.

As a result, redid the collected scheme for the EPSN solder with the heater resistance of 6 ohms. Epsn soldering iron is the worst option for this scheme, low heater TCS and a large thermal inertness of the design makes the thermal stabilization of sluggish. Nevertheless, the heating time of the soldering iron was reduced by 2 times without overheating, relative to the heating by the voltage by the approximately the same temperature. And with a long-term meturing or solder less than the drop in temperature.

Consider the algorithm of work.

1. In the initial moment of time at the inlet 6 U1.2, the voltage is close to 0, it is compared with the voltage from the R4, R5 divider. At the output U1.2, voltage appears. (R6 resistor R6 increases hysteresis U1.2 to interfere with protection.)

2. From the output U1.2, the voltage through the resistor R8 opens the transistor Q1. (The R13 resistor is required for a guaranteed closure Q1 if the operational amplifier cannot give the output voltage equal to negative supply voltage)

3. Through the heater of the RN soldering iron, the VD3 diode, the R9 resistor and the transistor Q1 flows the measuring current. (The power of the R9 resistor and the transistor current Q1 is selected based on the measuring current, while the voltage drop on the soldering iron should be chosen in the 3 B area, this is a compromise between the measurement accuracy and the power dissipated on R9. If the dispersion capacity is too big, it is possible to increase the resistance R9 , but the accuracy of temperature stabilization will decrease).

4. At the input 3 U1.1 when measuring current flows, a voltage depended on the ratio of resistance R9 and Rn, as well as the voltage drops on VD3 and Q1, which is compared with the voltage from the divider R1, R2, R3.

5. If the voltage at the inlet 3 amplifier U1.1 exceed the voltage at the inlet 2 (cold soldering iron is low resistance RN). At the output 1 U1.1, voltage will appear.

6. The voltage from the output 1 U1.1 through the discharged C2 capacitor and the VD1 diode gives it to input 6 U1.2, as a result, closes Q1 and turning off the R9 from the measuring circuit. (VD1 diode is required if the operation amplifier does not allow the negative voltage at the entrance.)

7. Voltage from the output 1 U1.1 through the R12 resistor charges the C3 capacitor and the shutter capacity of the transistor Q2. And when the threshold voltage is reached, the transistor Q2 opens including a soldering iron, while the diode VD3 is closed shutting down the resistance of the RN solder heater from the measuring circuit. (The resistor R14 is required for the guaranteed closure of Q2 if the operating amplifier cannot output the voltage equal to the negative supply voltage, as well as at a higher supply voltage of the circuit on the transistor shutter, the voltage did not exceed 12 V.)

8. R9 resistor and heater resistance RN are disabled from the measuring circuit. The voltage on the C1 condenser is maintained by the R7 resistor, compensating for possible leaks through the Q1 transistor and the VD3 diode. Its resistance must significantly exceed the resistance of the RN soldering iron heater so as not to make errors in the dimension. In this case, C3 condenser was required that RN was turned off from the measuring circuit after turning off R9, otherwise the scheme will not snap into the heating position.

9. Voltage from the output 1 U1.1 charges C2 capacitor through the R10 resistor. When the voltage at the input 6 U1.2 reaches half of the supply voltage, the transistor Q1 will open and a new measurement cycle will begin. Charging time is selected depending on the heat inertia of the soldering iron, i.e. Its sizes, for a miniature soldering iron 0.5C for EPSN 5C. To do too short cycle is not worth it because the stabilization of only the temperature of the heater will begin. The ratings indicated in the scheme give the duration of the cycle of approximately 0.5 s.

10. Through the open transistor Q1 and the R9 resistor will be discharged CONDENSER C1. After the voltage drop at the input 3 U1.1 below the input 2 U1.1, a low voltage will appear at the output.

11. Low voltage from the output 1 U1.1 through the VD2 diode will discharge the C2 capacitor. And also through the chain R12 resistor Capacitor C3 will close the transistor Q2.

12. With the closed transistor Q2, the VD3 diode will open through the RN, VD3, R9 measuring circuit, the current will flow. And charging the C1 condenser will begin. If the soldering iron was heated above the set temperature and the resistance of Rn increased sufficiently that the voltage at the input 3 U1.1 did not exceed the voltage from the divider R1, R2, R3 at the input 2 U1.1, then the output 1 U1.1 will be saved low voltage. Such a state will last until the soldering iron be cooled below the temperature resistor, the temperature is repeated, then the operation cycle starts from the first item.

Select components.

1. Operating amplifier I used the LM358 with it the scheme can work to a voltage of 30 V. But you can use TL 072 or NJM 4558, etc.

2. TRANSISTOR Q1. The selection depends on the measuring current value. If about 100 mA current, then you can use transistors in a miniature case, for example, in the SOT-23 2N2222 or BC -817 case, for large measuring currents it is possible to install more powerful transistors in the T-252 or Sot -223 case with maximum current 1a and More than, for example D 882, D1802 i.t.

3. Resistor R9. The hottest item in the diagram on it is dissipated by almost the entire measuring current, the power of the resistor can be approximately considered (U ^ 2) / R9. The resistance of the resistor is selected to fall the voltage during the measurement on the soldering iron it was about 3B.

4. Diode VD3. It is advisable to reduce the voltage drop to use a diode Schottki with a current reserve.

5. Transistor Q2. Any power n MOSFET. I used the 32n03 shot with the old motherboard.

6. Resistor R1, R2, R3. The total resistance of the resistors can be from units kilome to hundreds of kiloma, which allows you to select the resistance R1, R3 of the divider, under the presence of a variable resistor R2. To accurately calculate the value of the divisory resistors is difficult because there is a transistor Q1 and a diode VD3 in the measuring circuit, take into account the exact drop in the voltage on them is difficult.

Approximate resistance ratio:
For cold soldering iron R1 / (R2 + R3) ≈ RNHOL / R9
For the maximum heated R1 / R2≈ RNG / R9

7. Since the change in resistance to stabilize the temperature is much less than Oma. That high-quality connectors must be used to connect the soldering iron, and even better to direct the soldering iron cable to the board.

8. All diodes, transistors and capacitors must be calculated on voltage at least one and a half times higher than the supply voltage.

The scheme due to the presence of a VD3 diode in the measuring circuit has a slight sensitivity to a change in temperature and supply voltage.Already after the manufacture, the idea came to reduce these effects.Need to replaceQ1. on N MOSFET with low-resistance in open state and add another diode similar to VD3, additionally both diodes can be combined with a piece of aluminum for thermal contact.

Execution.

I performed the scheme as using the SMD installation components. Resistors and ceramic capacitors Size type 0805.Electrolytes in housing V.LM358 microcircuit in the housingSOP-8. St34 diode in the SMC case. Transistor Q1. can be mounted in any of SOT-23, TO-252 orSOT -223 housings. Transistor Q2. maybe in T-252 orTo-263. Resistor R2 VSP4-1. Resistor R9. how the hottest detailit is better to arrange out of charge, only for soldering iron with a capacity of less than 10Ws can beR9 slow 3 resistor 2512.

Place from two third-party textolite. On one side, the copper does not deteriorate and is used under the ground on the board of the holes in which the jumpers are marked are marked as holes with metallization, the remaining holes on the side of the solid copper are centered by the larger diameter drill. For a fee must be printed in a mirror form.

A bit of theory. Or why the high frequency of control is not always good.

If you ask which control frequency is better. Most likely there will be a response the higher the better, that is, the more accurate.

I will try to explain how I understand this question.

If you take the option when the sensor is on the tip of sting, then this answer is correct.

But in our case, the sensor is the heater, although in many soldering stations the sensor is not in the stare and next to the heater. For such cases, such an answer will be not true.

Let's start with the accuracy of retention of temperature.

When the soldering iron lies on the stand and begin to compare temperature regulators, which scheme is more accurate to keep the temperature and it is often about numbers into one or less degrees. But is it important to accuracy of temperature at this moment? After all, in fact, it is more important to hold the temperature at the time of the soldering, that is, how much a soldering iron will be able to keep the temperature with a intensive selection of power from the sting.

Imagine a simplified soldering iron model. The heater to which is supplied with power and sting from which there is a small outlet of power into the air when the soldering iron lies on the stand or large during the soldering. Both of these elements have thermal inertness or other than another heat capacity, as a rule, the heater has a significantly lower heat capacity. But between the heater and sting there is a thermal contact which has its thermal resistance, which means to convey some power from the heater to the state of the point it is necessary to have a difference in temperatures. The thermal resistance between the heater and the stale can have a different value depending on the design. In Chinese soldering stations, the heat transfer occurs at all through the air clearance and eventually the soldering iron floor of the floor hundreds of watts and the display of the temperature to the degree cannot do the platform on the board. If the temperature sensor is in the stare, it is possible to simply increase the temperature of the heater. But we have a sensor and heater one and with an increase in power take-off with sting at the time of soldering, the temperature of the sting will fall because due to thermal resistance for power transmission, the temperature drops.

It is impossible to completely solve this problem, but you can minimize as much as possible. And it will allow this to make a lower heat capacity of the heater relative to the sting. And so we have a contradiction for power transmission in the sting. It is necessary to increase the temperature of the heater to maintain the temperature of the sting, but we do not know the temperature of the sting as we measure the temperature at the heater.

The control version implemented in this scheme allows you to resolve this dilemma in a simple way. Although you can try to come up with more optimal management models, but the complexity of the scheme will increase.

And so in the energy scheme in the heater, a fixed time is fixed and it is sufficiently long, so that the heater has time to warm up significantly above the stabilization temperature. There is a significant difference in temperature between the heater and puzzle and the thermal power is transmitted in the sting. After turning off the heating, the heater and the sting start to cool. The heater cools over passing power in the sting, and the sting cooled transmitting power into an external environment. But due to the lower heat capacity, the heater will have time to cool before the temperature of the sting will change significantly, as well as during heating the temperature on the stare will not have time to change. Repeat on will occur when the temperature of the heater drops to the stabilization temperature, and since the power transmission occurs mainly in the sting, then the temperature of the heater at this moment will be weakly different from the temperature of the sting. And the accuracy of stabilization will be the higher the less heat capacity of the heater and the fewer thermal resistance between the heater and sting.

If the duration of the heating cycle is too low (high control frequency), then the heater will not arise the overheating moments when efficient power transfer in the sting. And as a result, at the time of the soldering there will be a strong drop in the temperature of the sting.

With too much duration of heating the heat capacity of the sting will not be enough to smooth out the temperatures to an acceptable value, and the second hazard if at high heater power thermal resistance between the heater and the stainlessness is large, then you can get the heater warming above the temperatures permissible for its operation, which will lead to it breakdown.

As a result, it seems to me that it is necessary to select the time of the specifying elements C2 R10 so that there would be slight fluctuations in temperature when measuring the temperature at the end of the sting. Taking into account the accuracy of the indication of the tester and the inertness of the sensor, noticeable fluctuations in one or more degrees will not lead to the fluctuations of the real temperature more than a dozen degrees, and such an instability of temperature for the amateur radio soldering iron is more than sufficient.

That's what finally happened

Since that soldering iron on which initially calculated turned out to be not suitable, it was redoned in an option for a soldering iron Epsn with 6 Ohm heater. Without overheating, he worked from 14V. I filed on the 19B scheme that there would be a stock for regulation.

Improved under installation option VD3and replacing Q1 on MOSFET. The fee did not rejoice simply installed new details.

The sensitivity of the scheme to change the supply voltage is not completely disappeared. Such sensitivity will not be noticeable on soldiers with a ceramic stall, and for nichrome it becomes noticeably when the supply voltage changes more than 10%.

Plata Lut.

Spacking is not entirely according to the board scheme. Instead of resistors, the VD5 diode has cut the path to the transistor and drilled the hole for the wire from the R9 resistor.

A led and resistor overlook the front panel. The fee will be attached for a variable resistor, since it is not large and mechanical loads are not supposed.

Finally, the scheme has acquired the following species I specify the ratings that came from me for any other soldering iron must be selected as wrote above. The resistance of the heater of the soldering iron is certainly not exactly 6 ohms. The transistor Q1 had to take this due to the power body did not just change although they both may be the same. Resistor R9 Even PEV-10 is sensitively heated. C6 capacitor does not particularly affect the work and I removed it. On the board, I also disassembled ceramics in parallel with 1 but fine without it.

P.S. I wonder if someone will collect for the soldering iron with a ceramic heater, so far to check for nothing.Write if additional materials are needed or explanations.