inputAutocad what the project consists of. Drawing for Dummies: An Overview of Autodesk AutoCAD Features
Throughout the following lessons, you will create a 3D model of a house
Three-dimensional project obtained as a result of studying the programAutoCAD
Topic 4: Creating a house plan
Let's start creating a project by building a floor plan
Cottage floor plan with all doorways filled
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1. Current drawing settings |
Drawing limits (drawing format)
Figure: 1. New limits 21000x14000 and a grid with an interval of 1000
Move the cursor to the upper right corner of the grid, the coordinate zone should display the value 21000.00, 14000.00,0.00.
Drawing with Grid and Step
When prompted Command: (Command :) press the button Line (Line) on the panel.
Specify by clicking LMB the beginning of the segment at the point with coordinates 2000.00, 2000.00, 0.00. Make sure the coordinates are displayed in the status bar (Fig. 2, a)
Move the cursor to the right of the just specified point (Fig. 2, b) and look at the coordinate area. There should be displayed polar coordinates relative to the first point, but if this does not happen, click LMB in the coordinate reading area to go to polar coordinates (Fig. 2, c).
If you do not achieve the desired result, click again,
because the coordinate zone in the status bar works like a three-stroke switch.
Figure: 2. One point is indicated on the grid
Now move the cursor over the drawing area to the right of the specified point and watch the change in coordinates in the status bar. It should display a value that is a multiple of 1000 and an angle of 0. (We do not use the Z coordinate value yet). Continue moving the cursor until you see 11000.00 in the coordinate zone<0.00. В этой точке нажмите ЛКМ. Первый отрезок плана построен (рис. 3).
Figure: 3. The first side of the house wall is built
Move the cursor perpendicularly upward from the point you just specified until then. until the coordinate zone shows the value 8000.00<90.00, и щелкните ЛКМ (рис. 4, а).
Then move the cursor to the left horizontally from the last specified point until the coordinate zone displays the value 11000.00<180.00, и щелкните ЛКМ (рис. 4, б).
Close the contour by choosing from the context menu under RMB the command Close (Close)(Fig. 4, c).
Figure: 4. Completion of the outer contour of the house plan
This line drawing method using the modes Step Snap and Grid display and reading coordinate values \u200b\u200bin the status bar is very convenient if all distances that need to be plotted are multiples of 1000.
Save the file as House_ plan.dwg
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2. Building walls |
In this work, you will build a plan of the walls, cut openings and show the symbol for opening doors (Fig. 5).
Constructing the inner faces of the walls (Fig. 6)
The thickness of the inner and outer walls will be assumed to be 250 and 400 mm, respectively. External walls are usually thicker than internal ones, since they are designed to protect the house from temperature effects and weather conditions, and for this they are covered with plaster, tiles or other finishing and insulation materials,
Figure: 6. Wall dimensions
Exterior wall outlines
You have a file open House_plan.dwg... An open drawing should consist of four line segments, forming a closed rectangle (Fig. 7).
Figure: 7, Outer outline of the house in the House.dwg file
Internal walls
Figure: 10. Selection of line for offset
Figure: 11. First inner wall
Figure: 12. Two intersecting walls
Editing Wall Intersections
Figure: 13. The choice of the first two segments for conjugation (a) and the result of the command (b)
Figure: 14. The choice of the first two segments for conjugation (a) and the result of the command (b)
Your drawing now has two inner walls of the desired length, but you need to clean up the T-joints of the inner walls with the outer ones. In this situation, the command Pairing (Fillet) will not give the desired result, it is better to use it in the case of L-shaped intersections of segments, in the case of T-shaped intersections, you must use the command Trim.
Using the Zoom command
To crop out unwanted wall intersections, you must enlarge the intersection area on the screen. To do this, you will have to use the command Show (Zoom).
Figure: 15. The position of the cursor at the first click of the mouse to execute the Zoom command
Move the cursor to the right and down, paying attention to the size of the rectangle, which stretches as you move the cursor. Stretch this rectangle until it completely encloses the fragment with the T-shaped intersection of the walls (Fig. 16, a) and click LMB again. Now the fragment of the picture you are interested in has occupied the entire working area of \u200b\u200bthe screen. The rectangle you just created is called the zoom box. The part of the picture covered by the zoom frame now occupies the entire working area of \u200b\u200bthe screen (Fig. 16, b).
Figure: 16. Using the Zoom Window command: the location of the zoom frame (a) and the result of the command (b)
When working with the Trim command, when selecting objects to be trimmed, you should indicate them in the part to be removed. And when working with the Fillet command, on the contrary, in the part that should remain.
Figure: 17. Selecting the trimmed segment (a) and the result of the Trim command (b)
Figure: 18. Result of the operation of the command Zoom Previous
Repeat steps 33-37 to process the T-shaped intersection of the walls below. You can see the result of sequential execution of these actions in fig. 3.19.
Figure: 19. Second T-intersection edited.
To complete your bathroom drawing, you must draw another interior wall.
Finishing drawing of interior walls
You can use the same technique to build the final wall that defines the bathroom. In short, it can be summarized as follows:
Offset the inside edge of the left outside wall to the right by 2500 mm by using the command Similarity (Offset), then set the offset value to 250 mm and move the line segment just created to the same side.
Apply the command Zoom Window, to zoom in on the intersection of the new wall with the previously built bathroom wall.
Use the command Trim (Trim), to trim a portion of the inner wall between the faces of the newly constructed wall.
Use the command Show Previous (Zoom Previous), so that the plan of the house is fully visible on the screen.
The resulting drawing should look like the one shown in fig. 20.
Figure: 20. Construction of interior walls completed
Save the drawing as House_plan.dwg
Opening openings in walls
Of the five doorways, two are in the inner walls, the rest are in the outer (Fig. 21). Four of them are designed for conventional swing doors and the fifth is for sliding glazed doors.
Figure: 21. Drawing with open doorways
External openings
These 1200 mm openings are located on the walls of the main and rear facades of the house and are located 250 mm from the inner corners.
Figure: 22. Lines to be offset by 250 mm
Figure: 22. Segments limiting doorways 1200mm wide
Figure: 24. Sections extended to the outer edges of the walls
Now, first we cut off the too long parts of the door frames, and then the sections of the wall edges between the frames. To do this, use the command Trim in the same way as you did it in the file House_ proba. dwg , but this time we will cut off all unnecessary sections of the segments in one cycle of the command (in this situation, the same segments will be both cutting edges and trimmed objects at the same time).
Figure: 25. Choice of cutting edges
Figure: 25. Openings with a width of 1200 mm are open
Note
When choosing the trims to trim, remember to point them closer to the part you want to trim.
Both doorways in the interior walls can be opened using the same technique.
Openings in internal walls
These doorways are 900 mm wide and are also 250 mm apart from their respective interior corners. In fig. 26 shows three steps in the process of opening these openings.
Open a 2540mm wide opening in the outer wall using this knowledge.
Opening 2540 mm wide
Note that the doorway in the right outer wall is located 900mm from the inner corner of the room. A sliding glazed door will be inserted into this opening.
You just went through the same procedure, so the steps are only briefly listed here:
Draw similar lines with an offset of 900.
Construct a line segment like a new one with a blending value of 2540.
Extend the new line to the outside face of the exterior wall.
Trim new lines and wall sections in between to complete the opening.
Save the drawing. All doorways are open. Your drawing should look like fig. 26, c.
Figure: 26. Opening of internal openings: construction of similar segments to mark the jambs (a), lengthening the jambs segments (b),
completion of drawing openings (c) - all doorways are drawn
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3. Drawing doors |
Now that the openings are open, we can insert the legend of the door leaves into them and show the side of their opening.
Our house has five doors, of which four are swing doors, open at 90 °, and the fifth is a glazed sliding door, which is designated differently.
On a floor plan, doors are usually indicated as a rectangle or line, and the direction of their opening is indicated by an arc. The position of the door leaf can be different, but most often it is shown open at 90 ° relative to the closed state (Fig. 27). It is better if the door is shown in such a way that those who will work with your plan can see how far and in what direction it can swing open.
Figure: 27. Possible door symbols
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Ural Federal University
named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
V. M. Paklina, E. M. Paklina
Design Basics in AutoCAD 2015
Recommended by the educational and methodological council
institute of fundamental education as
study guide
for students of all forms of study
technical areas of training in the discipline "Informatics"
Ekaterinburg
UrFU
2014
UDC 004.896 (075.8)
BBK 32.973.26-018.2.я73
Reviewers:
cand. tech. Sciences., Assoc. A. A. Pomortseva (Deputy Director of FGAO DPO "KPK - TEK");
dr. chem. sciences V.N. Nekrasov (Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences)
Scientific editor - Cand. tech. Sciences, Assoc. I. N. Obabkov
V. M. Paklina
P Fundamentals of design in the AutoCAD 2015 system: a tutorial / V. M. Paklina, E. M. Paklina. - Yekaterinburg: UrFU, 2014 .-- 128 p.
The educational-methodical manual on the discipline "Informatics" is intended for students of all forms of training in technical areas of training. The manual covers in detail: the interface of the AutoCAD 2015 program, working with graphic primitives, creating text, working with layers, dimensioning a drawing, parametrization and 3D modeling.
Bibliography: 7 titles. Figure: 161. App. 2.
UDC 004.896 (075.8)
BBK 32.973.26-018.2.я73
ISBN © Ural Federal
university, 2014
Introduction ................................................. .................................................. ........... five
Familiarity with the design system AutoCAD 2015 .................................. 6
Program interface ................................................ .................................................. ............... 6
Workspaces ................................................ .................................................. ............... eleven
System Setup................................................ .................................................. ................... 14
Navigation aids ................................................ .................................................. .................. 15
Setting the units of measure ............................................... .................................................. ... 17
Construction of graphic primitives ............................................... .............. 19
Dot................................................. .................................................. .......................................... 19
Section................................................. .................................................. ...................................... 21
Straight................................................. .................................................. ....................................... 24
Ray................................................. .................................................. ............................................. 25
Circle................................................. .................................................. ............................... 25
Arc................................................. .................................................. ............................................ 26
Ellipse................................................. .................................................. ....................................... 27
Rectangle................................................. .................................................. ......................... 28
Ring................................................. .................................................. ....................................... 29
Regular polygon ................................................ .................................................. ... thirty
Polyline ................................................. .................................................. ................................ thirty
Multiline ................................................. .................................................. ............................ 33
Cloud................................................. .................................................. ....................................... 37
Spline................................................. .................................................. ....................................... 38
Editing a drawing ................................................ ................................... 39
Editing with the Knobs .............................................. .............................................. 39
Editing commands ................................................ .................................................. ........ 41
Using Object Snaps ............................................... ................. 55
Polar and Object Tracking .............................................. ................. 61
Creating single-line and multi-line text ........................................ 65
Single line text ................................................ .................................................. ................. 65
Multi-line text ................................................ .................................................. ............... 67
Text Styles ................................................ .................................................. ........................ 69
Using hatching and filling .............................................. ................ 71
Creating Blocks ................................................ ............................................... 73
Dimensioning the drawing .............................................. .......................... 77
Working with layers ............................................... ................................................ 86
Parameterisation ................................................. ............................................... 88
Basics of 3D Modeling in AutoCAD 2015 ........................................... ...... 94
Workshop on 3D Modeling ............................................. ................... one hundred
The task................................................. .................................................. .................................... one hundred
The progress of the assignment ............................................... .................................................. ........ 101
Bibliographic list ................................................ ............................ 115
Appendix 1. Tasks for self-fulfillment ........................ 116
Appendix 2. Frame and main inscription of the drawing ...................................... 126
Introduction
AutoCAD is used in the development and design of tools, production equipment, in the design of buildings and structures. Thanks to AutoCAD, it was possible to significantly reduce production costs and shorten the product development cycle.
The tutorial covers in detail: the program interface, building and editing graphic objects, parameterization, object snapping and tracking, working with text and layers, 3D modeling.
The manual contains a large number of practical tasks for self-fulfillment, indicated by the & symbol. The appendix contains individual assignments for students.
Introducing the AutoCAD 2015 design system
AutoCAD 2015 is a computer-aided design system for creating 2D and 3D industrial objects.
Program interface
The working window of AutoCAD 2015 and its interface elements are shown in Fig. one.
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Figure: 1. AutoCAD 2015 program window
Application Button AutoCAD - used to access commands Create a, Open, Save, Printing, Close, for exporting and publishing files, for setting system and drawing parameters (Fig. 2).
Figure: 2. Browser menu system AutoCAD 2014
Quick Access Toolbar- customizable toolbar containing a set of commonly used commands.
Tape- a single compact interface element consisting of tabs with toolbars located on them.
The cursor in the AutoCAD system looks like a crosshair with a square target at the intersection point.
The command line is intended for entering commands and conducting a dialogue with the system, specifying the action of this command. Pressing the key F2 you can get complete information about user actions and system messages for the current session with AutoCAD. To display the command line, you can use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + 9.
Objects are constructed and edited in model space.
The model space workspace contains buttons to control views, viewports, and visual styles (Figure 3).
Figure: 3. Control buttons
The Viewport Control Button [-] allows you to split the model space into multiple viewports.
The [Top] view control button allows you to change the view of the object. For example, top, left, isometric, etc.
The visual styles control button allows you to change the display style of objects. For example, wireframe, realistic, grayscale, etc.
The layout space is for the final layout and preparation of the drawing for printing. You can place a drawing title block on a sheet, create viewports, and add notes.
In paper space, one unit corresponds to the distance on the printed sheet. Units are specified in millimeters or inches, depending on the printer settings.
Status bar (Fig. 3) , located at the bottom of the working window, contains buttons for drawing modes, model, sheet, switching workspaces, annotations, etc. Button Adaptation allows you to customize the panel for the needs of a particular user.
| Adaptation |
Figure: 4. Status bar
The following drawing modes are available in AutoCAD:
- step snapping, in which the graphic cursor moves strictly along the nodes of the imaginary grid with a given step;
- displaying the background auxiliary grid on the monitor screen;
- orthogonal design mode, in which the system allows you to draw segments of straight lines directed strictly along the coordinate axes;
- polar tracking, in which the system allows you to draw segments of straight lines at certain angles specified by the user;
- isometric design allows you to change the cursor depending on the plane in which the construction is taking place;
– object snapping allows you to precisely specify the position of points on objects;
- implied dependencies allow you to automatically impose dependencies between the created or edited objects;
- object tracking allows you to draw segments of straight lines from the characteristic points of existing objects at certain angles;
- dynamic input provides a command interface in the cursor area, allowing you to keep focus in the construction area;
- display of line weight (line thickness) on the monitor screen.
Button Fast properties allows you to access a subset of the properties of the selected object, available from the palette Properties.
Workspaces
Workspace - sets of menus, toolbars, ribbon tabs, palettes, combined and organized in such a way that you can work in a drawing-friendly environment.
AutoCAD provides the following predefined workspaces:
Drawing and annotation;
3D modeling;
Basics of 3D.
Each of these workspaces are task-specific. For example, when creating 3D models, you can use the workspace 3D modeling, which contains 3D-oriented toolbars, menus, and palettes.
To switch from one workspace to another, you can use the button Switching workspaces located on the status bar.
You can create your own workspaces and make changes to existing workspaces.
To create a workspace, you need to call the dialog box User interface adaptation(fig. 5). This can be done in several ways:
Tab Control4 User interface ;
Button Switching workspace 4 Adaptation.
Figure: 5. User interface adaptation
To create a new workspace on the tab Adaptation need to right click on the tree item Workspace and in the appeared context menu select the command New workspace.
To set up a new workspace, you need to select it in the area Workspace content press the button. ...
In order for the screen to display menus, toolbars and ribbon tabs that will be needed during work, they must be checked in the list with flags (Fig. 6).
Figure: 6. Setting up the workspace
After all settings of the workspace, you must click the button Done, and then Apply.
System Setup
In AutoCAD, you can preset the system environment and modify it in the process using the dialog box Options (fig. 7) .
The dialog box can be invoked in several ways:
Application button 4;
From the context menu of the work area or command line area, select the command 
.
Dialog window Options contains eleven tabs (fig. 7).
Figure: 7. Setting up the AutoCAD system
Navigation aids
To move around the drawing, you can use:
Vertical and horizontal scroll bars;
Button Pan ;
- Steering wheel ;
Mouse roller;
The team Pan (Pan).
Scrollbars are connected on a tab Screen dialog box Options (fig. 7).
The team Pan can be called from the navigation bar
(fig. 8) or from the context menu.
Figure: 8. Navigation bar
After choosing a team Pan the cursor on the graphics screen changes to a palm. Moving the cursor across the screen with the left mouse button pressed, moves to the corresponding side of the drawing. To complete the command, you can use the keys Esc, Enter or select the command from the context menu Exit.
The team Pan the easiest way to do this is using the mouse roller. To do this, just press it and, without releasing it, move the cursor in the desired direction.
Steering wheel (Fig. 9), which combines several commands in one interface.
Summon Steering wheel can be from the context menu, navigation bar or using the command At the helm.
Figure: 9. Steering wheel
When designing, the true dimensions of objects are mainly used, so drawings can be both very small and very large. To enlarge and reduce the image, use the command Zoominglocated on the navigation bar and in the context menu.
To enlarge the image, select the command Zooming and with the left mouse button pressed, move the cursor up, and to decrease - down. Completion of the command is the same as for panning.
You can also enlarge or reduce the image using the mouse roller. Rolling the roller up - increases the scale, and down - decreases. Double clicking on the roller corresponds to the command show allthat fits the entire drawing onto the screen.
There are several zoom commands in AutoCAD. They can be found in the navigation bar (Figure 10).
Figure: 10. Zoom commands
A convenient navigation tool is Species cube (Figure 11) to switch between standard and isometric views.
Figure: 11. View cube
To rotate a view in space, you can use the commands: Orbit , Free orbit and Continuous orbit located in the navigation bar.
Unit setting
The unit of measure is a user-specified value that defines the distance.
In the AutoCAD system, the user selects the units of measurement of linear quantities adopted in the field of his professional activity: millimeters, meters, kilometers, inches, etc. Thus, when working with the package, we can assume that the AutoCAD graphics window is dimensionless and the products are drawn in it in full size. In the working area of \u200b\u200bthe monitor screen, distances are measured by the system in conventional units that determine only the format of the number representation: whole, real, exponential, or as fractions. Correspondence between real and conditional measurement systems is established when choosing a scale for plotting drawing on a plotter.
Angular values \u200b\u200bare usually specified in AutoCAD in degrees and fractions of a degree. The user is given the right to choose other units of measurement for angular values: radians, grads or topographic units. Counterclockwise rotation from the positive direction of the coordinate axis is taken as a positive change in angular values X.
You can customize the units of measurement using the dialog box Drawing units (fig. 12). You can call it using the command
4Utilities4Units.
Using this dialog box, you can set the units of measurement of the inserted elements, angle and linear formats, their precision, and also indicate the direction of the base angle.
Figure: 12. Drawing Units Dialog Box
Building graphic primitives
Primitives - These are predefined basic geometric elements with which more complex objects are constructed.
AutoCAD has an extensive set of primitives: point, line, circle, arc, polyline, multiline, spline, text, block, ellipse, polygon, etc.
To build graphic primitives, you can use the command line or toolbar Drawing (fig. 13) located on the ribbon tab the main.
Figure: 13. Drawing toolbar
Let's consider the basic geometric primitives.
A point is the simplest geometric object. To build it, use the corresponding command Dot Drawing with a button .
After entering the command into the command line and pressing the key Enter, AutoCAD will prompt you to enter the coordinates of the point. They must be specified separated by commas and pressed Enter.
&Using the command line, plot a point with coordinates
200, 400.
By default, AutoCAD draws a point as one pixel. The size and type of the point can be changed, for this purpose there are system variables Pdsize and Pdmode respectively.
&Change the Pdmode system variable to 66 and the Pdsize to 10.
You can set the size and appearance of a point using the dialog box Points display (fig. 14), which is called by the command Point type.
Figure: 14. Setting the size and type of point
&Set point size to 5 and display to "+".
To draw a line, use the command Sectionwhich Drawing using the button .
&Draw an arbitrary polyline from line segments.
After you specify the first point of the line segment, a message will appear in the command line: “ Next point or [Undo]:". This message means that you can specify on the screen not only the next point, but also select the option cancel... It undoes the last action of the command, i.e. performs what is called a rollback. To undo the last action, type the word in the command line Cancel in upper or lower case and press the key Enter... If any letters in the option are uppercase, then on the command line it is enough to enter only this part of the option name, in upper or lower case. In this case, to cancel, you can enter “ T"Or" t ", and press the key Enter.
In the command line, additional options can also be selected using the mouse pointer.
If more than two dots in a row are displayed on the screen, the following message appears in the command line: “ Next point or [Close / Undo]:". After entering the letter " Z"In upper or lower case and keystrokes Enter, another segment appears on the screen, connecting the end of the last segment and the beginning of the first.
To complete the construction of segments without closing them, you can press the key Enter, which is always a sign of the end of cyclic operations.
If you want to interrupt the execution of a command, you must press the key Esc.
A convenient tool that helps you choose the next action when drawing a segment is the context menu (Fig. 15), which can be called by pressing the right mouse button inside the graphic screen.
Figure: 15. Context menu
&Draw a triangle with vertices (50.25), (50,100) and (120,50).
When constructing line segments directed strictly along the coordinate axes, the orthogonal design mode is used, which can be turned on in the status bar or by pressing F8.
&In orthogonal design mode, draw an arbitrary right-angled triangle.
Another way to draw line segments is
« direction - distance", With which you can draw line segments in a given direction and a certain length. To do this, follow these steps:
Select tool Section;
Pick the first point of the line segment;
Move the cursor in the desired direction;
Enter the length of the segment in the command line (for example, 100) and press the key Enter.
&Using the direction-distance drawing method, in orthographic design mode, draw a 100 × 70 rectangle. Change its color, weight and linetype.
To add additional line types you need from the corresponding list on the toolbar Properties select team Other... As a result, a dialog box will appear Linetype manager
(fig. 16), in which using the button Download new lines can be added.
All this time, the construction of points and segments was carried out in cartesian (rectangular) coordinate system. In AutoCAD there is also a way to set coordinates in polar system... First, the length is indicated, the sign “<», а затем величина угла. Например, для построения отрезка, идущего из начала координат, длиной 50, под углом 60 градусов к оси X you must specify the value 50 as the second point< 60.
In AutoCAD except absolute coordinates exist and relative coordinates at which the last plotted point is taken as the origin. When specifying relative coordinates, the symbol "@" is used, for example: @ 100,50 or @ 100<45.
&Using polar and relative coordinates, create an equilateral triangle with sides 200 mm.
To draw a straight line, use the command Straightwhich can be entered at the command line or invoked from the toolbar Drawing using the button .
Team Straight has five options:
- Mountains - construction of horizontal lines;
- Ver - construction of vertical lines;
- Angle - building lines at an angle;
- Bisect - construction of the angle bisector, for which you need to specify the vertex and sides;
- Indent - building a straight line parallel to another linear object, which can be a segment, ray or straight line.
To use any of the options, simply enter capital letters from their names in the command line or select options with the mouse pointer.
&Construct two intersecting lines and the bisector of one of the formed corners.
Team Ray can be entered on the command line or invoked from the toolbar Drawingthe corresponding button .
&Draw some arbitrary rays.
&Clear the working screen from all the primitives that you drew using the Select All button located in the Utilities toolbar of the Home ribbon tab and the Delete key.
Circle
To draw a circle, use the corresponding command A circlewhich can be entered at the command line or invoked from the toolbar Drawing using the button .
This command allows you to draw a circle in different ways:
By the center of the circle and its radius;
The center of the circle and its diameter;
Two points of the circle diameter;
Three points of a circle;
Two tangents and a radius;
Three tangents.
&For an arbitrary triangle, construct an inscribed and circumscribed circle (fig. 17).
Figure: 17. Inscribed and circumscribed circles
To draw an arc, you can use the button located in the toolbar Drawing or enter the command Arc to the command line.
An arc can be drawn in eleven ways (Figure 18).
&Draw multiple arcs in different ways.
Figure: 18. Methods for drawing arcs
To draw an ellipse, use the command Ellipsewhich can be entered at the command line or invoked from the toolbar Drawing using the button .
&Draw an ellipse and an elliptical arc (fig. 19).
Figure: 19. Examples of ellipse and elliptical arc
Rectangle
To draw a rectangle, use the P command rectangleor Straightwhich can be entered at the command line or invoked from the toolbar Drawing using the button .
Team Rectangle (Straight) has five options:
- Chamfer - setting two chamfer lengths in each corner of the rectangle;
- Pairing - setting the radius of rounding the corners of the rectangle;
- Level- setting the level for building a rectangle offset along the axis Z three-dimensional space;
- Height- setting the height for building a rectangle, extruded along the axis Z three-dimensional space;
- Width- setting the line width.
When drawing a new rectangle, the old options are retained by default, so if they are not needed, then you need to override them
&Draw the rectangles shown in fig. 20.
Figure: 20. Examples of rectangles
Team Ring can be entered on the command line or invoked from the toolbar Drawing using the appropriate button.
This command prompts the user for the outer and inner diameters, after which it is required to specify the center of the ring.
You can undo solid fill for all drawing objects
(fig. 21) by changing the value of the system variable FILLMODE from 1 to 0.
&Draw rings of different diameters (Fig. 21) and with the shading option disabled (Fig. 22).
Figure: 21. Examples of rings
Figure: 22. Ring with disabled shading
Regular polygon
To draw a regular polygon, use the command
Mn-anglewhich can be entered at the command line or invoked from the toolbar Drawing using the button 
.
When drawing a regular polygon, you must first specify the number of sides, and then the center or side. If the user selects the option Side, then you need to specify two points of the side of the polygon, along which it will be constructed. If the center of the polygon is specified, then the next question will be: “ Set the placement option [Inscribed in circle / Inscribed around circle]: ". After entering the required command ( IN or ABOUT in upper or lower case) specifies the radius of the circle.
&Construct the regular polygons shown in fig. 23.
Figure: 23. Examples of regular polygons
Polyline
Polyline Is a complex primitive consisting of one or more interconnected straight or arc segments of different widths. The polyline is processed as a whole (for example, when editing or deleting).
To draw a polyline, use the command Plinywhich can be entered at the command line or invoked from the toolbar Drawing from
using the button .
After entering the command Pliny you must specify the starting point of the polyline. The subsequent request contains additional information: “ Next point or [Arc / Half-width / Length / Undo / Width]: ". When specifying the second point of the polyline, another option appears Close.
Let's take a closer look at the polyline options:
- Arc - transition to the mode of drawing arc segments;
- Close- adding a closing section of the polyline;
- Half width- setting the half-width of the polyline;
- length- construction of a segment that is a continuation of the previous section with a given length;
- Cancel- canceling the last operation;
- Width- setting the width of the next segment of the polyline (the width of the beginning and end of the segment can be different).
When switching to arc drawing mode, the following set of options is offered:
- Angle - the value of the central angle of the arc segments;
- Centre -center for the arc segment;
- Close - closing the polyline with an arc segment;
- Direction - the direction of the tangent for the start point of the arc;
- Half-width -half-width of the next arc segment;
- Linear - switching to the mode of drawing line segments;
- Radius - radius of the arc segment;
- Second - second point to draw an arc segment;
- Cancel - canceling the last built segment;
- Width - the width of the next segment.
Let's consider an example of drawing a polyline in the form of an arrow (Fig. 24). To do this, call the command Pliny... Indicate the starting point on the graphic screen, and to the question: “ Next point or [Arc / Half-width / Length / Undo / Width]: ", Enter the letter" Sh", Because you want to change the line width. Set the starting and ending widths by 1 unit. Draw a 20-unit horizontal line. Then set the initial width to 3 and the final width to 0. Set aside a line 7 units long in the horizontal direction. You should have the polyline shown in Fig. 23.
Figure: 24. Polyline in the form of an arrow
&Draw the polylines shown in fig. 25.
Figure: 25. Examples of polylines
Multiline
Multiline Is an object consisting of a bunch of parallel broken lines (from 2 to 16). They are used when drawing walls, roads, bridges, etc.
Additional multiline properties include intermediate joints, ends, fillets, and fill.
To draw a multiline, use the command Mliniawhich contains the following options:
- Location - determination of the position of the indicated points relative to the entire multiline ( Top - the multiline is drawn below the cursor; Centre - the multiline is centered relative to the cursor; Bottom - the multiline is drawn above the cursor);
- Scale -multiline width control;
- Style -setting the style for the multiline.
&Construct a multiline with the Standard style set by default (fig. 26).
Figure: 26. An example of a multiline
Style Standardis current for multilines, but the user has the ability to create their own styles. You can create a new style using the command Mlstilwhich brings up the dialog Multiline styles(fig. 27.).
Figure: 27. Styles of multilines
To create a new style, click on the button Create, and in the dialog box that appears (Fig. 28) specify the name of the new style.
Figure: 28. Creating a new style
After pressing the button Proceed set the necessary parameters of the new style (fig. 29).
Figure: 29. Setting the parameters of the new style of the multiline
&Create new styles and use them to build the multilines shown in fig. thirty.
Figure: 30. Examples of multilines
To edit intersecting multilines, just double-click on the multiline and in the dialog box that appears Multiline editing tools choose build option
(fig. 31).
Figure: 31. Editing the multiline
&Use the multiline to build a road junction (fig. 32).
Figure: 32. Crossroads
Annotation clouds are polylines with arc segments. They are used to apply various explanatory labels to the elements of the picture.
To build a revision cloud there is a command Cloud which can be entered on the command line or invoked from the toolbar Drawing using the button .
The command contains the following options:
- Arc length- setting the minimum and maximum arc length for building a cloud;
- An object -selection of a closed object for conversion to the cloud;
- Style - setting the style for the arcs of the cloud ( usual or calligraphy).
&Using the Calligraphy style with an arc length of 50, draw the cloud shown in Fig. 33.
Figure: 33. Cloud example
&Use the Object option to convert the rectangle to a cloud
(fig. 34).
Figure: 34. An example of converting an object to the cloud
Spline is a smooth curve passing through a given set of points or near them (Fig. 35).
Team Spline can be entered on the command line or invoked from the toolbar Drawing using buttons Spline by specific points or Control vertex spline .
&Construct the spline shown in fig. 35.
Figure: 35. Example of a spline
Editing a drawing
You can use grips to edit the drawing , general editing commands - copying, moving, scaling, lengthening, etc., and commands for editing compound primitives.
Editing with grips
Pens are in the form of square marks and are located at the characteristic points of the selected objects. For example, a segment is characterized by the middle and end points (Fig. 36). Handles appear when you select an object or group of objects.
Figure: 36. Handles at key points of a line segment
If you left-click on one of the grips, its color will change. This means that editing operations can be performed. For example, if you select the end point of a line, you can change its location
(fig. 37). When choosing the midpoint of a line segment, you can move it to any distance (Fig. 38).
Figure: 37. Transfer of one end of the segment
Figure: 38. Transferring a segment using the middle handle
You can use grips to stretch, move, rotate, scale, and mirror objects. When you select a handle, the command appears on the command line Stretch... To go to other commands, you can use the keys Enter or Space.
&Using the edit knobs, rotate the segment 60 0.
&Using the edit grips, rescale the ellipse
(fig. 39).
Figure: 39. Changing the scale of the ellipse
Editing operations can be applied to several objects at once, having previously selected them with the left mouse button. Removing objects from the set is carried out in the same way as switching on, but when the key is pressed Shift.
If you need to include many objects in the set, then it is irrational to select them with a mouse click. For this you can use simple or secant framework. To build them, you need to specify two points of the frame.
Simple the frame starts to the left of the selection set and is blue. The stencil includes only those objects that are completely framed.
Secant the frame starts to the right of the selection set and is green. The stencil includes all objects that are in the frame.
You can also use the commands to select objects:
- Lasso frame;
- Secram Lasso;
- Lasso line.
In order to use the lasso commands, you must specify the starting point and, without releasing the left mouse button, draw a line around the selected objects. Key Space allows you to change the appearance of the lasso.
You can deselect objects by pressing Esc.
&Draw arbitrary objects and select them with simple and crossing frames.
Editing commands
In addition to grips, the toolbar is intended for editing objects. Editing (fig. 40) located on the ribbon tab the main.
Figure: 40. Toolbar Editing
To delete objects, use the command Eraseto which the toolbar button corresponds Editing... After choosing this command, you must select the objects to be deleted. As soon as the key is pressed Enter, the selected objects disappear from the screen. To delete objects, you can also use the key Delete.
&Remove all objects from model space.
To copy objects, use the command Copy or button. After selecting this command, select the objects to be copied and press the key Enter... Next, the command line will ask you: “ Base point or [Offset mode]: ". It is more convenient to specify one of the characteristic points of the copied object. After that, specify the coordinates of the second point of movement by entering them into the command line or by clicking the left mouse button in the desired place. Option mode allows you to make one or more copies.
&Make a copy of the polygon (fig. 41).
Figure: 41. Copying a polygon
Team Mirror or the button allows you to mirror the selected objects. After selecting objects, press the key Enter... Next, the system will ask you to specify the first and second points of the reflection axis. On the last request: " Delete original objects? [Well no]:"- enter" D"If the originals are not needed, or" H"If you want to leave them.
&Mirror several objects (fig. 42).
Figure: 42. Mirroring Objects
Team Similarity or the button allows you to build similar (parallel) objects. In the first request of the system, you must specify the offset distance of such an object. Next, select the object and the point that defines the side of the offset. After building the first similar object, it is possible to construct other similar objects with the same offset. Press the key to complete the construction. Esc or Enter.
&Construct a similar object shown in fig. 43.
Figure: 43. Constructing objects similar to each other
Team Array is intended for creating a group of copies of the same objects. The AutoCAD system has the ability to create arrays:
Rectangular;
Circular;
Along a given trajectory.
When building a rectangular array, it is necessary in the panel Editing select team 
Array rectangle.
After selecting the objects included in the array and pressing the key Enter a tab appears Array creation (fig. 44).
Figure: 44. Creating a rectangular array
&Construct the rectangular array shown in fig. 45.
Figure: 45. Rectangular array
When building a circular pattern, you need to use the toolbar Editing select team 
or enter into the command line Arraycircle.
After selecting the objects included in the circular array, press the key Enter and indicate the center of the array.
In the tab that appears Array creation (fig. 46) it is necessary to set the required parameters.
Figure: 46. \u200b\u200bCreating a circular array
&Construct the circular pattern shown in fig. 47.
Figure: 47. Circular array
To create an array along a path, use the corresponding button 
in the toolbar Drawing or command Arraytraekt.
&Create a trajectory array (Figure 48).
Figure: 48. Trajectory array
To move the selected objects, use the command Transfer or button.
&Move the circular pattern to a different location.
The Rotate command in the toolbar Editing corresponds to the button, allows you to rotate the selected objects relative to the base point by a specified angle.
&Rotate the rectangle 60 0 (fig. 49).
Figure: 49. Rotate an object
Team Scalecorresponding to the button located on the panel Editing, allows you to scale the selected objects in relation to the base point.
After selecting the objects to scale, press the key Enter... Having indicated the base point, the system will display the question: “ Zoom or [Copy / Reference Line]: ". To scale objects with an increase, you must enter a number greater than 1, and with a decrease - a positive number less than 1.
Option Copy applies scaling to a copy of the selected object. When scaling with the Reference line, the existing distance is used as the basis for the new dimension. In this case, the conversion factor will be obtained by dividing the value of the second length by the value of the first.
Team Stretchto which the button corresponds, allows you to change the shape of the selected object. A crossing frame is used to select objects. Endpoints that fall within the crossing box stretch. If the object is fully selected, then it is not stretched, but moved in the specified direction.
Consider an example of editing a square:
Enter in the command line Stretch or press the button;
Select one of the vertices of the square with a cutting frame (Fig. 50, and) and press the key Enter;
Pick a base point and move it in the desired direction
(fig. 50, b).
After executing the stretch command, the square will take the form of the quadrangle shown in Fig. fifty, in.
Figure: 50. Example of command execution Stretch
Team Trimto which the button on the toolbar corresponds Editing, lets you trim objects to the edges of other objects.
Consider an example of cropping objects (fig. 51):
At the command prompt, enter Trimor press the button;
Select a cutting object, in our case it is a segment;
Press the key Enter;
Specify the objects to be cropped, and in the part that should disappear;
After trimming all objects, press the keys Enter or Esc.
You can trim objects not only by intersecting objects, but also by their extensions. This is done by the option Edge, mode -
with continuation.
Figure: 51. Cropping objects
&Use the Edge option to cut the polygon by continuation of a line segment (Fig. 52).
Figure: 52. Cropping an object by continuing an edge
Not only the objects themselves, but also their projections can act as a cutting edge. This is done by the option Projection... The projection method can be set either by the current coordinate system or by the current view.
Team Trim also allows objects to be lengthened rather than cropped.
To do this, instead of the usual selection of trimmed objects, you can hold down the key Shift, select the objects to be lengthened.
The same objects can be both cutting edges and trimmed objects at the same time. In fig. 53 shows an example when all the circles are at the same time, and cutting edges and trimmed objects.
Figure: 53. An example of cropping objects
Team Lengthento which the button on the toolbar corresponds Editing, allows you to extend some objects to others.
&Extend the arc to a rectangle (fig. 54).
Figure: 54. Object extension
If you pressed the key while selecting the objects to extend Shift, the objects are not lengthened, but cropped.
Team Chamfer, to which the button corresponds is intended for performing the operation of trimming two intersecting straight line segments at a specified distance from the point of their intersection. After executing the command, a new segment is constructed connecting the clipping points of the two objects (Fig. 55).
Figure: 55. An example of creating a chamfer
At the first request of the system: " Select the first line segment or [Undo / Polyline / Length / Angle / Trim / Method / Multiple]: "- enter the letter" D»(Upper or lower case) to set the length of the chamfers and press Enter... Then enter the length of the first and second chamfers and select the desired lines.
&Chamfer the object as shown in fig. 56.
Figure: 56. Example of chamfering
Sometimes you want to create chamfers without changing the original objects. This can be done using the option Pruning, mode - No trimming.
&Remove the chamfer without changing the original sections (fig. 57).
Figure: 57. Chamfering without trimming
Team Pairingwhich on the toolbar Editing match button 
, is designed to perform the operation of connecting objects with an arc of a given radius.
On the first request: " Select the first object or [Undo / Polyline / Radius / Crop / Multiple]:»- go to entering the fillet radius. Next, select the mating objects.
&Transform the object shown in fig. 58.
Figure: 58. Example of pairing
&Perform fillet keeping the original segments (fig. 59).
Figure: 59. Pairing without trimming
To edit complex objects, you can use additional commands from the toolbar Editing
(fig. 60).
Figure: 60. Editing commands
Let's consider an example of smoothing a polyline (Fig. 61). Let's use the button Edit polyline or enter on the command line Polred... After selecting the polyline, the request: “ Set the [Close / Add / Width / Vertex / Smooth / Spline / Remove Anti-Aliasing / Tiplin / Invert / Undo] parameter:»- select Smoothing... As a result of the actions taken, the polyline will be smoothed.
Figure: 61. Polyline smoothing
Using object snaps
Object snap allows you to create new points in the drawing by snapping to or relative to keypoints of existing objects. The ESnap feature contains a set of tools that allow you to perform precise geometry construction.
During operation mode Object Snap can be enabled or disabled as needed using the button located in the status bar or the key F3.
From the dropdown list Object Snap you can enable only those bindings that are needed at the moment (Fig. 62).
Figure: 62. Object Snaps
Team Object Snap Options brings up a dialog box Drawing modes (fig. 63), which is used to make settings.
&Set the bindings as shown in fig. 63.
Figure: 63. Configuring Object Snap
Using object snaps, draw a perpendicular to the line
(fig. 64). For this:
Select tool Section;
On the status bar, click the button Object Snap and from the dropdown select the command Normal
;
Move the cursor over the line;
When near the cursor
Autocad is the market leader in software for creating drawings, diagrams, plans and projects. For almost 35 years of its existence, the developers have not only made it possible to create project documentation in electronic form, taking into account all current requirements, but also annually work on the convenience of the process and expanding the functionality of the program.
Creating a house project in Autocad
The program for designing AutoCAD is designed for.
A complete set of 2D commands allows you to create drawings, modify them and release them.
The program works with files in the DWG format. This allows project files to be easily transferred to other professionals. In addition, you can customize the program's user interface to suit your needs.
If earlier, due to the imperfection of software tools, it was easier for developers to work with a pencil on paper, today the question of using Autocad in a professional environment is not even discussed. Most of the commercial businesses that are in any way related to design work in Autocad.
An example of a house plan in Autocad Educational programs in higher education institutions include entire disciplines dedicated to this program. Meanwhile, despite the endless possibilities in its field, the software interface is quite intuitive. To get started, just download Autocad and install it on your computer.
Autocad is a program developed by Autodesk. You can get acquainted with the entire line of its products, see prices and download Autocad from the official website. All information is available in Russian.
A basic version of the program is available for download - classic Autocad, and specialized add-ons designed to perform narrow-profile work: platforms, architecture and construction, industrial production.
Depending on the type of user and the term of the license, the cost will also vary. 
The maximum configuration costs about 400 thousand rubles, and the price for a quarterly license for the basic kit ranges from 10 to 30 thousand rubles. Detailed information is available after registration.
To install the program, you need a license key or code, which can be obtained by purchasing a suitable service package. Autocad activation is possible without investment. But in this case, you do not need to enter the code, but not all features and software tools will be available and only for a limited period of time. You can download the trial version of the program from the developer's website, it will be valid for 30 days.
Free Autocad
Despite the high price of the program, classic Autocad can be obtained completely free and legally. Autodesk offers free downloads for educational use only.
Classic autocad interface This requires a mandatory registration on the site. You can download and study AutoCAD yourself. The main target audience is students and teachers of higher education institutions.
All the functionality of the program with an educational license is preserved, the only difference from the commercial versions is that all created documents saved in pdf or sent to print will be marked with a special icon: an educational license. It would be very uncomfortable to use such a program for work or commercial purposes.
Pirated versions of Autocad
In runet and not only you can find a lot of offers to download the free Russian version of Autocad. Personal blogs, sites of various computer software, torrents promise to quickly and absolutely free download the program installer, crack and allegedly licensed code.
An example of a drawing in AutoCAD You should be very careful with such information, since the chance of catching a virus and losing personal data on your computer is much greater than actually getting the program you need absolutely free.
Autocad installation and operation issues
AutoCAD, like the computers on which it is installed, is imperfect, therefore, during installation or operation, various failures and errors may occur. The most common problem is error 1406. There can be several reasons for its appearance: from commonplace viruses and malware that got on your PC and damaged program files, to bugs in the program's installation file.exe.
In order to remedy the situation, you need to treat your computer, restore the registry, check for updates for various programs and devices. If all this does not help, you can roll back the system to undo the last actions that could cause the error 1406. 
If this does not help, then most likely you will have to reinstall Autocad and the system.
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Autocad training
It is quite easy to master Autocad for beginners if a person has a little engineering background and the design process turns out to be new only in electronic form, and not by itself. That is, if, even without a program, a user easily reads and creates drawings, projects, works with diagrams and models, then transferring his knowledge from paper to a monitor is really not difficult.
For such beginners, the software interface is really intuitive and friendly, and to work it will be enough to read a short instruction.
In the event that the design process is as new for you as the program itself, then it will be difficult to figure it out without outside support. Even the installed Russian version will not help. In any case, you will have to download the Autocad tutorial, watch the Autocad video tutorials.
The necessary information can be found on the developer's website and online. Free lessons in any form and auxiliary literature are presented on the Internet in a huge amount and of any quality. Learning Autocad will take time, in universities this program is studied for more than one semester. The most difficult thing in mastering the program is its correct setting. Since it is this parameter that determines the usability and compliance with a specific requirement. Therefore, in the Autocad self-study guide, a significant part is occupied by information on choosing a suitable configuration.
Autocad 2018 version
Since 2003, Autodesk has released updates to Autocad every March. 2018 was no exception. In March, the manufacturer presented its 30th release, which is currently only available to subscribers. AutoCAD 2018 20.1 can be tested right now, but for now let's look at the features and differences of the previous version, AutoCAD 2017 20.0.
Updated program interface
When you start the program, a window opens with a drop-down menu with templates in the first place. It is with them that any user begins to work. This is the so-called creation zone.
Simultaneously with the proposed functions, express access to binders, files and Internet projects is organized.
The file menu is built in such a way that it became convenient to work simultaneously with several documents, which was not the case before.
The developers visualized the Previously Open Documents section.
For those who do not want to delve into all the subtleties and settings, but want to go directly to the design field, the central and largest start button is available. Switching between documents and active fields follows the example of tabs in a browser, clearly, quickly and conveniently. 
The Autocad tutorial may not contain information about the latest versions, which makes it somewhat difficult to work with new releases. However, the changes are not that significant, at least in the interface. Changes in this version affected the color scheme, toolbar design and button design.
Updated control button system
When working with large projects, when there are a lot of sheets and various documents open, it is quite difficult to find the one you need in the limited field of labels. Now this problem has been solved, all the tabs have been moved down, at the very beginning only a few are displayed, the rest, which are less frequently used, automatically go to the vertical drop-down menu.
Did a good job with the control buttons. Added a function to configure them. Now, when creating a 3d model of Autocad, you can use one set of tools, and when working with two-dimensional documentation, another. 
This solution not only relieved the toolbar, but also increased the working area.
Built-in Autocad Help
It has become much more convenient and functional, especially for novice users. Official products come with fully Russified help, command line and search capabilities. The 2015 version adds a thematic categorization. But what's most convenient is that the button you are looking for is highlighted on the taskbar after the answer is displayed in the help window.
Grouping, highlighting and highlighting
When working with large projects, the drawings of which contain many small elements, lighting plays a very important role.
An example of creating objects in Autocad Autocad objects on the map are marked with one color, and when you hover over them, they change it, in the same way when you make any changes or delete. If earlier, during construction, objects could be selected only in groups or one by one, then in the 2018 version there was such a tool as a lasso. You can combine elements into blocks chaotically by moving the mouse. Bindings work differently, more accurately and quickly.
It starts with changing the workspace and setting the working view (isometric). Then you can proceed directly to the creation of volumetric objects.
3d modeling in AutoCAD. Object types
In AutoCAD, 3d models can be of three different types: solids, mesh objects, surfaces.
Solid bodies
In AutoCAD, the advantage is given to solid modeling. These are such voluminous bodies that have properties inherent in ordinary objects in our life: mass, center of gravity, etc.
Using logical operations such as union, subtraction, and intersection, you can create solid objects of varying complexity.
Network Objects
This kind of 3D model uses a polygonal representation. The main elements of mesh objects are vertices, edges, and faces.
The main tools are located on the corresponding tab "Networks"... The standard commands are identical in type to solid primitives: parallelspipid, cone, cylinder, etc.
These 3d models have no mass properties. Networks allow you to flexibly work with the shape of objects in AutoCAD. In addition, they can be smoothed out, which is an undeniable advantage.
Surfaces
A surface in AutoCAD is a thin shell with no volume or mass. There are two types of surfaces in AutoCAD:
NURBS surfaces;
Procedural surfaces.
Modeling procedural surfaces allows you to take advantage of associative modeling, and NURBS surfaces to take advantage of control vertex relief.
Building 3d models in AutoCAD. General principles
There are two fundamentally different approaches to creating 3D objects:
Using standard 3d primitives (box, sphere, cone, etc.);
Converting a flat drawing (2d objects) into three-dimensional, using the appropriate commands ("Extrude", "Shift", etc.)
It is not difficult to transfer a drawing from 2d to 3d AutoCAD. It is enough to follow a clear algorithm.
for effective work on architectural drawings and documentation with a system of geometric and dimensional constraints and reconstruction tools. The AutoCAD Architecture solution provides modern tools for working with parametric constraints and guarantees a perfect workflow for creating wall intersections with the option of neat cleanup.
Dedicated architectural design and drafting functions and a familiar environment streamline the workflow process. AutoCAD Architecture is a collaborative application that allows you to communicate with building and structural designers in DWG file format. The AutoCAD Architecture interface is optimally organized and has a large graphics area, providing quick access to tools and commands. Thanks to an extensive library of component components and notes on the drawing, the user can quickly generate documentation and apply the necessary explanations.
AutoCAD Architecture provides the ability to draw and create documentation using images of walls, doors and windows that represent real architectural objects. The user can edit the walls in the drawing and their properties at the component level, which helps to improve the work with walls of various types: sloped, corner, intersecting and fire resistant. AutoCAD Architecture software allows you to automatically insert and place images of doors and windows, controlling their placement with maximum precision. When generating specifications, you can enter the results of calculations carried out in the model. BOM data is dynamically linked to drawing objects and is updated whenever any structural member changes. AutoCAD Architecture uses AEC dimensions for walls and all their components. When dimensioning, various snapping options are taken into account: to the centerlines of the walls, their outer surfaces, etc. With the built-in visualization tools, you can create an effective project presentation. AutoCAD Architecture software lets you quickly submit designs for review and approval by publishing to DWF and DWFx formats.
What's New in Autodesk AutoCAD Architecture 2014
- Automated property set descriptionsThe ability to automatically attach property set descriptions to architectural objects makes the budgeting process more convenient. Existing property set descriptions can now be attached to newly created objects and their styles, and new and modified property set descriptions can be easily linked to existing objects.
- A backup copy of the project information file Having a backup copy of the project information file in AutoCAD Architecture 2014 avoids the time-consuming procedure of recreating this file in case of damage. A backup copy of the project information file (* .apj) can be restored as the main one at any time.
- Scaling annotations and unitsWhen you change drawing units, object labels, text boxes, and other scalable annotations retain their original appearance and dimensions. In addition, many other AutoCAD parameters, including linetype scale, behave correctly when changing units.
- Steep slope blockThe new steep slope block allows you to quickly generate graphics that illustrate slope changes, eliminating the need to create such complex graphics manually.
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