Russian operating systems. Russian software Russian computer software

Not so long ago, a sensational statement appeared in the press. It turns out that there will soon be no "traditional" Windows OS on all computers of government institutions in our country! Major figures promise that a Russian operating system will take its place. The idea is that by the end of this year, this very "operating system" should begin testing in government institutions.

An optimistic start

The most famous project that theoretically can lay claim to such significant roles is Synergy. This system uses the Linux kernel, and the decision to develop it was made as recently as August 13, 2014. This was decided by a joint commission (at a meeting of the companies JSC Russian Railways, Rosatom) and the Russian Federal Nuclear Center from the city of Sarov.

By the way, it is at the Synergy enterprise that it should now be intensively tested. From the "Russian Railways" will be required to actively "bring to mind" the OS, provided it is used in user database management systems. Russian Railways has enough of such and such!

By the way, this whole venture was generally initiated by the specialists of Rosatom, since the share of imported software is extremely large, and it was high time to leave such a vicious practice. All those involved in the development promise that the Russian one will be protected from hacking no worse than the best foreign counterparts.

Last straw

Such a quick decision was largely due to the fact that just in August 2014 the next update package for Windows 7 was released. The irony of fate is that these very updates led to the failure of thousands of computers around the world, as it had critical errors. The problem was also aggravated by the situation with malfunctions of Windows RT, Windows 8 and 8.1 systems.

What is all this for?

In general, the Russian operating system has not been discussed lately only by the lazy. However, the discussion is going on in an ironic manner. Don't blame users for their lack of patriotism. Practice shows that in most cases, domestic projects in this area can only offer "boring wallpapers" and a new theme for the same Ubuntu.

It is important to understand exactly what requirements a truly promising Russian operating system should meet, what principles should be incorporated into it. Let's try to dream up and imagine in what directions its development should go.

"Childhood diseases"

In general, it is always worth starting with previous experience, even if negative. As we have already said, our country has one. Starting with the ancient "Spectrum", on which a somewhat rethought DOS was installed, ending at times relatively recently, when a "fundamentally new" BedOS 2 "Tanya" was installed in some computer clubs. This epic creation was nothing more than a reworked almost unrecognizable Windows 98.

All of them were united by one thing: despite the new interface, all these operating systems were just a few reworked products of world famous software manufacturers.

What are the challenges facing domestic developers?

In principle, there is nothing new to talk about in this case. If now a really new Russian operating system for PCs is being developed, then its creators face a huge number of tasks. We list just the main ones:

• The release of an OS that will perform all its tasks, work on servers and workstations of Russian production.
• Creation of working and functional virtualization tools for it.
• The very development of a database management tool, the debugging of which is now entrusted to Russian Railways.
• Creation, development and support of the domestic application development environment.
• Release of tools that could be used to automate testing.
• Creation of a domestic "application store". Give a decent answer to all kinds of AppStore!
• Release of an OS that can run not only on desktops and laptops, but also on mobile equipment (smartphones, tablets). This Russian mobile operating system should become a competitor to Android, iOS, Windows Mobile.
• Development of design tools that make it easier to write new applications.
• Analysis of the business sector of the economy, the creation of a specialized cluster of programs specifically for it.
• Finally, the development of a Russian operating system should provide for the creation of its own working environment (DE).
• Creation of new tools for installing, deploying and debugging written programs.
• Possibility for painless migration of business and home users from older OS versions.
• Formation of training courses that will tell users about what a Russian operating system for a PC is, about its capabilities and prospects.

About users of the new OS

It's no secret that the modern segment of home computers is largely focused on games. In addition, the PC market is distinguished by an incredible variety of computer hardware, as well as the unconditional dominance of the very Windows operating system. Since all the concepts and habits of users in this niche are distinguished by ingrained conservatism, it is unlikely that it will be possible to change them somehow.

Thus, the new Russian operating system will most likely be targeted at government agencies, corporate segments of the economy, and the military-industrial complex.

What requirements should the new OS meet?

1. The relatively low cost of both the system itself and the "hardware" that is necessary for its normal functioning.
2. Availability of the possibility of "cloud" work on documents. Simply put, the new system should be oriented to some kind of environment for joint development, which is especially in demand in an enterprise or a government organization.
3. The system must be scalable. It is desirable that with the growth of the enterprise it could be “sharpened” precisely for the needs of a large organization (a kind of analogs of the Business, Professional versions).
4. The processing speed of information arrays should be as high as possible.
5. Maximum reliability and security (including from viruses).
6. OS development and development should be based on the latest trends in the hardware market.
7. Protection from malicious actions. In principle, the Russian operating system "Rosa" is well protected from this, but it is actually another Linux distribution kit.
8. At least the theoretical possibility of using a home user on a computer (in order to gradually attract a new audience).
9. Full compatibility with at least the most common samples of computer hardware and peripherals.

OS development taking into account the trends of the future development of the hardware

Recently, the processors have crossed the threshold of 14 nm, domestic "Elbrus" 65 nm have appeared, it is reported that a new type of capacious memory ReRam will soon be released, which will leave far behind all modern SSD (NAND) in terms of speed. Simply put, one of the priority tasks facing manufacturers should be the development of a system that will work on both existing and promising hardware. This is a complicated matter, and therefore there are quite natural doubts about its success.

Now we're going to talk about real progress in this area.

About "Chameleons" and more

In general, modern domestic operating systems have exactly two realistic development paths. And in the first place is the justified interest of the military, for whom protected domestic software is extremely important. The second direction can be described as “patriotic development”. Sometimes projects appear on the network, the authors of which regularly announce a Russian-made operating system.

In the latter case, the Xameleon OS can be called. If we talk about the technological side of the issue, then it is very similar to Mac OS X, since both systems are based on the use of a microkernel. Chameleon uses L4 development and Mac OS X includes the Mach microkernel. Alas, the domestic "answer" so far does not even have a banal GUI, that is, a graphical interface.

Other candidates

There is also the Russian operating system Patriot OS. For quite a long time, Boomstarter announced a collection of donations for its creation. The declared amount is 38,500,000 rubles, which in itself causes massive ridicule on the network. The fact is that domestic crowdfunding projects have never raised more than 12 million. Also, if you read the requirements for the new system ...

Simply put, the declared amount is clearly not enough. If the Russian operating system "Patriot OS" claims at least 1-2% of the software market in this area, then you need to collect ten times more. However, this money should be enough at least for a preliminary beta version, by which it will be possible to judge the prospects of the project as a whole. But the adequacy of some of the declared characteristics raises deep doubts.

A moment of humor

Thus, the author of the project says that he would like to create a new "Patriot" network, an analogue of the Worldwide Internet, which will be available only to those users on whose computers the Russian operating system "Patriot" will be installed. It claims to be based on "incredibly fast dynamic technology." The fact is that even $ 38 million will not be enough to implement something like this, let alone the domestic currency ...

Phantom Perspectives

There is also the Russian operating system Phantom. Theoretically, it is the development of the Digital Zone company (in fact - Dmitry Zavalishin's "home preparation"). The latter every year ardently proves the advantages of his "brainchild" at the HighLoad exhibition and other similar events.

In principle, this time too, the Russian Phantom operating system does not contain anything truly revolutionary and new. Developers are really not cunning when they claim that their OS is not a clone of Windows / Unix.

But for some reason they "forget" to tell that "Phantom" is almost an exact copy of the KeyKOS / EROS system. Moreover, this topic was started in the distant 80s of the last century, when the general principles for the development of KeyKOS were laid.

As you know, the easiest way to sell raw materials, and this is true for traditional types of raw materials, and for the so-called information. What is information raw material? Organization of outsourcing, offshore programming - these are types of export of information raw materials. The common thing in this scheme is that the overseas partner releases the final product under its own trademark, using the labor of Russian programmers, who for the most part do not have the rights to the final development.

Of course, the most promising domestic development of the full cycle - from design to implementation. This is not only the most difficult, but also the most promising business both for the developer and for the state as a whole. Of course, our software industry is still underdeveloped, but the perception of the weakness of the Russian software industry is also caused by a low awareness of domestic developments, as well as their insufficient implementation.

In preparing this article, we interviewed about a hundred users and experts of the computer market in order to determine the ten best domestic products. About half of the respondents could not recall all ten programs, and some limited themselves to only two or three names. Nevertheless, in total, about fifty domestic products were indicated. The absolute leadership belonged to the following products: 1C: Accounting, FineReader from ABBYY, Kaspersky Anti-Virus and PROMT translator, which were indicated in more than 90% of responses. Other products turned out to be not so popular - the remaining seats were shared by 15 companies that received approximately the same number of votes. We list them in alphabetical order.

It seems to us that all the products presented below are proof of the consistency and prospects of the development of Russian software. It should not be forgotten that the future of domestic software largely depends on the Russian buyer, who votes for this or that software with his wallet. Nobody says that you need to buy a bad product only out of patriotism, but you should not lose sight of the best domestic developments, which in most cases will cost you cheaper than foreign ones.

1C: Accounting 7.7
Developer: "1C"

"1C: Accounting" - probably the most popular product on the Russian market - is found in almost all the responses to the above survey. This is a universal program for the mass purpose of accounting automation. It can be used both independently and together with other products of the 1C: Enterprise 7.7 system (1C: Trade and Warehouse, 1C: Salary and Personnel, Production + Services + Accounting, etc.). A typical configuration is a turnkey solution for automating most areas of accounting. The delivery set includes a configuration intended for accounting in self-supporting organizations. For accounting in institutions and organizations that are on a budget, the separately supplied configuration "For budget organizations" is intended. In addition, "1C: Accounting 7.7" can be used with other specially created configurations.

The program allows you to automate both the maintenance of all sections of accounting (providing flexible options for this, including the use of several charts of accounts at the same time, multidimensional analytical accounting, complex transactions, etc.), and the preparation of any primary documents.

The initial information in "1C: Accounting 7.7" is an operation that reflects a real business transaction at the enterprise. The transaction contains one or more accounting entries to reflect the completed business transaction in accounting. Operations can be entered manually or generated by the entered documents automatically. Also, the program can use standard operations that make it possible to automate the input of frequently repeated operations.

"1C: Accounting 7.7" includes a set of standard reports that allow an accountant to obtain information for an arbitrary period, in various sections and with the required degree of detail. All generated reports can be printed. The program includes a set of accounting and tax reporting forms, which are quarterly updated and distributed free of charge to registered users.

Typical configuration "1C: Accounting 7.7" implements the most general accounting schemes and can be used in most organizations. To reflect the specifics of accounting for a particular enterprise, the typical configuration can be changed in accordance with the accounting requirements.

When the legislation and accounting methodology change, updates of the standard configuration of "1C: Accounting" are issued, which are provided free of charge to registered users. The update mode implemented in the program allows you to download new features without losing the data previously entered by the user.

"1C: Accounting 7.7" contains a variety of tools for communication with other programs:

• connection of legal support systems "1C: Garant". Integration of the "1C: Garant" system and the programs of the "1C: Enterprise" system allows you to select regulatory documents for the account or type of payroll with which the accountant works;
• the ability to exchange information with the "Bank's Client" systems;
• data exchange with other systems through files in text format or in DBF format, as well as based on modern integration tools: OLE, OLE Automation and DDE. Using these tools allows you to control the work of other programs through the built-in language (for example, generate reports and graphs in Microsoft Excel); get access to the data of "1C: Accounting 7.7" from other programs; insert objects created by other programs into 1C: Accounting 7.7 documents and reports.

ABBYY FineReader 5.0

The world's most accurate recognition system ABBYY FineReader 5.0 is designed to automatically enter documents into a computer using a scanner.

The program is easy to use: you insert a document into the scanner, press the Scan & Read button, and the recognized text appears on the text editor screen. At the same time, the design of the document is fully preserved: the location of the text, tables, pictures, the color of the text.

FineReader 5.0 differs from other recognition systems by the following properties:

• recognition quality - the recognition accuracy in the fifth version of FineReader has improved 1.5-2 times compared to version 4.0. To date, FineReader's OCR system has received more than 50 awards from reputable international publications;
• accurate preservation of the document design - the preservation of the design is improved both by improving the analysis of the document, and by more accurately preserving its font design (such features as bold and italic style, the distance between words and paragraphs, etc. are preserved);
• fast publication of documents on the Internet - HTML, PDF formats are supported;
• 176 recognition languages ​​- for 30 of them the spell check function is available;
• call from Microsoft Word;
• automatic division of double book pages.

FineReader 5.0 Pro is the most popular version in the FineReader line, combining the level of the professional version with an affordable price. Provides high quality work in automatic mode, provides ample opportunities for editing the result (convenient built-in editor, the ability to check with the image, an ergonomic interface of the spell checker window, tools for editing blocks).

FineReader 5.0 Office includes additional professional features such as barcode recognition and new language creation. But the main difference is the ability to organize bulk input. The version supports networked document processing. The delivery of the Office version includes a program for filling out forms Formulator, which allows you to fill out any form in a few minutes, for example, an application for the issuance of a passport, an application for a visa or a registration card.

PROMT Translation Office 2000
Developer: PROMT company

PROMT Translation Office 2000 is a system for professional work with texts in foreign languages. The product includes 8 programs that effectively solve the problem of translation when working with documents, correspondence and when working on the Internet. The system is already well known to many users, so we will list only its main features:

• the system is built into all Microsoft Office 2000 applications, which allows you to comfortably translate Word documents and emails into Outlook without leaving the window of a familiar application;
• professional linguistic editor PROMT provides a wide range of settings for various specialized texts, being an indispensable tool for translators and linguists;
• a large English-Russian-English dictionary, which is included in the package, allows you to find a translation of almost any English or Russian word;
• WebView browser allows you to easily get acquainted with information on foreign sites and search the Internet.

Translation Office 2000 was released in April 2000 and has been continuously improved and developed over the past year and a half. Among the most significant changes are the update of the translation engine (up to version 1.9), in order to improve the quality of translation, and the acceleration of the mechanism for embedding translation functions in Microsoft Office 2000 applications.

This year it became possible to translate from Spanish into Russian. Thus, the PROMT Translation Office 2000 system now works for five European languages: English, German, French, Italian and Spanish.

Price: $ 300

Kaspersky Anti-Virus
Developer: "Kaspersky Lab"

Kaspersky Anti-Virus is a recognized leader in computer information protection technologies. Many of the functional features of most modern antiviruses were first developed at Kaspersky Lab. A number of large Western manufacturers of antivirus software use the antivirus engine of this product in their products. The exceptional reliability and quality of the program is confirmed by numerous awards and certificates of Russian and foreign computer publications, independent test laboratories. Kaspersky Lab develops a wide range of information security software products. The company's product line includes anti-virus programs, information integrity control systems and protection systems against external intrusions. Antivirus is one of the main areas of activity of Kaspersky Lab, on which the main efforts of the company are concentrated. The offered range of products is aimed at both home computers and corporate networks of any size. The company's anti-virus solutions provide reliable control over all potential sources of penetration of computer viruses: they are used on workstations, file servers, Web servers, mail systems, firewalls, and pocket computers. Convenient management tools enable users to automate the anti-virus protection of computers and corporate networks as much as possible.

Kaspersky Anti-Virus can be purchased in computer stores and showrooms or via the Internet: through the People's Anti-Virus marketing program, by credit cards, in online stores, as well as from the company's official partners.

Prices for all products can be found at http://www.kaspersky.com/products.asp?pricelist=1.

Prices for products for home users with a one-year subscription: Kaspersky Anti-Virus Personal - $ 50, Kaspersky Anti-Virus Personal Pro - $ 69.

ABBYY Lingvo 7.0
Developer: ABBYY Software House

The powerful professional dictionary ABBYY Lingvo 7.0 is very easy to use. In addition to an extensive vocabulary base, the advantages of Lingvo include a fast and convenient search system, grammatical comments on words, the ability to create your own dictionaries. In addition, the most common English words in Lingvo are voiced by a native speaker. All this makes Lingvo 7.0 an indispensable assistant not only for translators, but also for language learners.

ABBYY Lingvo 7.0 (English-Russian and Russian-English versions) contains more than 1 million 200 thousand entries in 18 English-Russian and Russian-English dictionaries of general and specialized vocabulary (economic, scientific and technical, polytechnic, computer technology and programming, oil and gas, etc.). In this case, the user can work with any number of necessary dictionaries in all combinations.

Lingvo 7.0 Pros:

• high-quality dictionaries with modern vocabulary;
• online translation using hotkeys Ctrl-Ins-Ins;
• creation of custom dictionaries;
• free user dictionaries at http://www.lingvo.ru/;
• comments on words;
• live sound of 5 thousand English words;
• thoughtful interface; support for drag-and-drop technology; simultaneous work with a large number of dictionaries on a virtual bookshelf.

The price of the English-Russian and Russian-English versions is 12 USD.

Cortona VRML client
Developer: ParallelGraphics company

The Cortona VRML client from ParallelGraphics is the world's most popular VRML browser for viewing a variety of 3D scenes, models, and worlds in VRML, the widespread ISO standard 3D format.

In addition to supporting the full VRML specification, Cortona also supports a variety of extensions such as NURBS and Splines, reflection maps, drag-and-drop, Automation Interface, etc. This functionality makes Cortona a powerful and efficient platform for building various online and offline 3D solutions such as virtual interactive guides, visualization of processes and procedures, entertainment and educational 3D single-user and multi-user services.

Through the use of advanced algorithms and technologies, Cortona can display the most complex scenes and models in real time, while achieving superior image quality. And with built-in support for DirectX, OpenGL, hardware graphics accelerators, and the fact that Cortona is optimized for various Intel processors (from the Pentium processor with MMX technology to the new Intel Pentium 4), users can be sure that Cortona will do the best for them. available hardware and software resources and will allow you to achieve maximum performance.

Today, the Cortona VRML client, already installed on more than 500 thousand computers worldwide, is the de facto standard for viewing VRML scenes and models. Companies that have chosen Cortona include BBC Online, Boeing, Man Roland and many others.

ParallelGraphics also offers versions of Cortona for other platforms: Mac, Mac OS X, Java, and Pocket PC.

For more information on the Cortona VRML client and a free version for personal use, visit the company's website http://www.parallelgraphics.com/products/cortona/. For personal non-commercial use, Cortona VRML client is distributed free of charge. A commercial license starts at $ 5 per seat.

Doctor Web32
Developer: DialogueScience

According to the results of our survey, Doctor Web was in second place, behind Kaspersky Anti-Virus in popularity. However, DialogueNauka, as is evident from the press releases distributed by the company, is not at all inclined to dramatize the situation. On the contrary (and this is an indisputable fact), 2001 was the most successful year in Doctor Web's career - in November, the program received its seventh VB100% award, awarded according to the results of the most authoritative comparative antivirus testing conducted by the independent international magazine Virus Bulletin. Considering that four out of seven awards have been received since September 2001, one cannot but admit that the optimism of DialogueNauka employees is not groundless.

But the matter, of course, is not only about the awards. Over the past year, the program has been continuously improved, and the product has been developed both “in depth” (technologically) and “in breadth” (versions for various operating systems were released). The latter, by the way, did not go unnoticed by colleagues in the shop - it was Doctor Web for Linux that was chosen by ASPLinux manufacturers to be included in the delivery of the corresponding operating system. A complete listing of all the technological know-how implemented in the program would take too much space. Let's note only a few, the most striking:

• a powerful heuristic for detecting viruses that are not included in the virus database (however, the database is sometimes updated several times a day - by releasing so-called hot add-ons);
• unique technology for controlling virus activity, implemented in the resident watchdog SpIDer Guard;
• full Windows memory check.

It should also be noted that Doctor Web, stuffed with many "high technologies", has not turned into an antivirus "monster" that scares viruses by its volume alone. The developers manage to save the face of the program, so beloved by many users: compactness, reliability, performance and external simplicity.

Annual subscription price $ 51

FAR is a powerful file wrapper for Windows, one of the best Norton-like file managers. The program interface repeats the traditional Norton Commander interface (the same menu and even launching the program in a DOS window), which makes it easier to launch some old programs developed for DOS. At the same time, FAR has many new functions that make working with the program very convenient.

FAR provides a wide range of commands with files and folders (view, edit, copy, move and rename, create, delete), has a simple user-friendly interface, and provides drag-and-drop functions for copy and move operations. The program works correctly with long file names, allows you to search and view texts in several different Russian encodings, to enter the archives of most popular archivers.

FAR provides convenient access to file archives on the Internet via FTP. You can pre-configure the parameters for connecting to the FTP server by typing the server address, name and password for access, as well as other parameters (and you can configure any number of such connections), and then connect to the server by simply selecting one of the previously configured connections. The list of FTP servers can have a branching structure, that is, you can create folders inside it and put new connections to FTP servers there or copy existing ones. Once connected, working with the server for transferring files is no different from working with files on your computer: the same functions are available for copying, deleting, creating files and directories on an FTP server.

For convenience, files of different types in FAR are displayed in different colors, and it is possible to customize the colors for each group and determine what types of files are included in the group. FAR Manager is an open architecture program that allows you to write your own plugins.

You can significantly expand the capabilities of the FAR program and improve the usability with the help of add-ons, many of which can be found on the Internet at sites with free software.

You can download the program at:

Pricing: Single-user $ 25, 5-user $ 85.7

The Bat!
Developer: RIT Labs

The Bat! is a powerful and convenient email client for Windows 95/98 / NT from RIT Labs. The program has many unique features and is an example of how a small company can create a product that can compete with the programs of the world's giants.

The Bat! has a small size (the installation file without the Russian interface takes about 2 MB), supports any number of mailboxes (accounts), supports the POP3 / SMTP, APOP, IMAP4, LDAP protocols, provides a wide choice of interface languages ​​with the ability to switch on the fly (17 languages , including almost all Slavic ones). You can view files in HTML format, import data from other mail programs, there are built-in viewing tools for graphic files (* .GIF, * .PNG, * .BMP, * .ICO, * .WMF, * .EMF and * .JPEG).

The Bat! has powerful filters for sorting messages that automate work with correspondence. The program provides a convenient text editor with formatting and auto-spell check in several languages. Absolutely correct support for all Russian and other Eastern European encodings has been implemented (koi-8, win-1251, dos-866, etc.).

Additional convenience is provided by message templates and "quick templates" that insert pre-prepared text, save a lot of time when writing letters.

The Bat! is distributed as shareware, and you can run the full commercial version of the program for 30 days by downloading version 1.53d at: http://www.ritlabs.com/en/the_bat/download.html and then follow register your copy. Recommended prices for a single copy of the product: student - $ 15, individuals - $ 20, commercial - $ 30.

T-FLEX CAD
Developer: "Top Systems"

T-FLEX CAD is one of the best Russian computer-aided design systems for the preparation of design and technological documentation. To create design products (drawings, models, documentation, etc.), Top Systems offers five systems that allow you to cover all levels of design automation: T-FLEX CAD LT (drawing automation), T-FLEX CAD 2D (design automation), T-FLEX CAD 3D SE (preparation of drawings for 3D models), T-FLEX CAD 3D (three-dimensional modeling), T-FLEX CAD Viewer (free software for viewing and printing 2D drawings T-FLEX CAD) ...

The proposed systems allow a flexible approach to equipping workplaces for solving production problems, taking into account the specifics of work at each workplace and the financial capabilities of the enterprise. The possibility of phased software and hardware equipment while maintaining the efficiency of already running programs makes the choice of T-FLEX very attractive. The complex equipment with the proposed systems has the best functionality / price ratio.

Powerful parametric tools of the T-FLEX CAD 2D system, used for design automation, significantly increase the productivity of the designer.

The economical T-FLEX CAD LT system differs from T-FLEX 2D only in the absence of parameterization tools. The system contains a set of functions sufficient to generate drawings of any complexity. Designed with the latest advances in CAD, sketching functions allow you to quickly, conveniently and accurately create non-parametric drawings. All functions of drawing design, copying, import-export, working with texts, tables, libraries of texts and 2D elements are supported.

T-FLEX CAD 3D is the first and so far the only Russian system that uses the Parasolid geometric kernel from Unigraphics Solutions, which allows T-FLEX CAD 3D users to model three-dimensional parts and assembly structures of any complexity.

The T-FLEX CAD 3D SE system makes it possible to minimize the cost of preparing drawing documentation for 3D models created in T-FLEX CAD 3D or imported from other systems.

The free T-FLEX CAD Viewer program is designed for viewing and printing two-dimensional drawings made in the T-FLEX CAD system. Users of the T-FLEX CAD system can transfer their design and technological documentation in electronic form to partners working with other programs. T-FLEX CAD Viewer can also be used in technical document management systems to view T-FLEX CAD drawings.

Main features of T-FLEX CAD systems:

• User-friendly parameterization tools are the basis of advanced T-FLEX CAD technologies. Unlike similar CAD systems, programming skills are not required to create parametric models in T-FLEX CAD, since the designer deals with ordinary variables and functions. T-FLEX CAD's parametric relationships make project animations easy and natural, providing the ability to view the motion of the structure created by the designer and kinematic analysis;
• optimization is one of the most powerful design tools that allows you to select the best product parameters without manually adjusting the geometry. Thanks to the model optimization module, in T-FLEX CAD it is much easier to determine the parameters of bodies of a given volume, mass-inertial characteristics, balance, balancing, etc .;
• user dialogue is a new functionality offered today only by T-FLEX. The dialog organizes a visual presentation of the changeable parameters of the unified part of the enterprise. This facilitates the use of a parametric project by any designer, makes it possible to display the parameters used in a compact manner. Dialogues are convenient for offering products on the Internet, since it is possible to display not only mutable variables that a potential customer can play with, but also information from the developer;
• Assembly models are the key to global design automation. A distinctive feature of T-FLEX CAD is the creation of parametric assembly drawings, which can be created both from a separate part to an assembly, and from an assembly to each part or in a complex manner. Using the parametric drawings of individual parts created in T-FLEX CAD 2D, you can connect them into assembly drawings. Changing the parameters of the assembly drawing leads to a change in all of its components.

Prices: T-FLEX CAD LT - $ 499, T-FLEX CAD 2D - $ 949, T-FLEX CAD 3D SE - $ 1495, T-FLEX CAD 3D - $ 2895.

WinRAR
Developer: Evgeny Roshal

WinRAR is a 32-bit version of the RAR archiver for Windows, a powerful tool for creating and managing archives. There are several versions of RAR for different operating systems, in particular for DOS, OS / 2, Windows (32-bit), UNIX (Linux, BSD, SCO, Sparc and HP-UX) and Be OS.

There are two versions of RAR for Windows: a graphical user interface (GUI) version of WinRAR.exe and a console version of Rar.exe that runs from the command line in text mode.

WinRAR provides full support for RAR and ZIP archives, implements the original highly efficient data compression algorithm and a special multimedia compression algorithm. The user-friendly interface supports drag-and-drop technology).

The program includes:

• availability of a command line interface;
• management of archives of other formats (CAB, ARJ, LZH, TAR, GZ, ACE, UUE);
• support for solid archives, in which the compression ratio can be 10-50% higher than with conventional compression methods, especially when packing a significant number of small similar files;
• support for multivolume archives;
• creation of self-extracting (SFX) regular and multivolume archives using standard or optional SFX modules;
• recovery of physically damaged archives.

Other advanced features are also available, such as encryption, adding archive comments (with ANSI ESC support), error logging, and more.

The next version of WinRAR 2.90 appeared in September of this year.

Pricing: Single-user $ 35, 5-user $ 120

Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2001
Developer: "Cyril and Methodius"

BECM'2001 is the fifth edition of the popular Russian encyclopedia, the content of which has been constantly expanding and updating for five years. Each new version of this universal program contains numerous changes and additions that allow it to be always up-to-date and reliable. Now the volume of textual information included in the "Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2001" is 68 book volumes (in the usual format, 600 pages each).

BECM'2001 contains:

• 82 thousand encyclopedic articles;
• 17 400 illustrations;
• 640 audio fragments (7 hours of sound);
• 420 video clips (5 hours of video);
• geographic atlas of the world;
• statistical data on the countries of the world;
• texts of the laws of the Russian Federation;
• Chronicle of Humanity (four scales);
• animated maps;
• "The Age of Dinosaurs";
• Ecosystems of the Earth (22 multimedia panoramas);
• “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” by SI Ozhegov and N.Yu.Shvedova;
• "Explanatory Dictionary of Foreign Words" by LP Krysin.

BECM is an extensive source of information in all areas of knowledge: a gigantic amount of data, a meticulously developed structure of the encyclopedia, a wide range of applications and a unique search engine make it possible to talk about the most effective use of the encyclopedia in any area of ​​human activity. Legal users of the previous editions of BECM will be able to exchange their disks for BECM'2001 for $ 22. BECM'2001 is distributed in two versions: on 8 CDs and on DVD.

Price $ 45

Descartes 2.9
Developer: "Arsenal"

"Descartes 2.9" is a personal finance system that takes into account all income and expenses (cash, transactions with plastic cards, transactions on bank accounts) and gives a complete picture of your financial situation. The program is easy to learn and serves as an indispensable tool for managing your personal or family budget.

Functionality of the program:

• multicurrency accounts - accounts can be maintained in any currency, and a reference book of rates is kept for each currency;
• classification, periodization and detailing of transactions - the ability to set your own categories of financial transactions, appointments, addressees and transaction labels; automatic input of repetitive operations at a specified frequency or in a specified period of time;
• debts and loans - the ability to track operations for the return of debts, obtaining or issuing loans with automatic accounting of interest on these operations;
• text and graphic reports - "Descartes" generates various reports in text or graphic form: general balance, dynamics of expenses and income for the period, structure of expenses and income for the period, account statement, layout by two arbitrary classifications, date or amount. The generated reports can be printed in text or graphic form and exported to common Microsoft Word and Excel applications;
• the ability to work with multiple databases - this feature is included in the system at the request of users using this program for business purposes. This is convenient, in particular, for employees of a small enterprise working on a single computer;
• work with external modules - the items "Export" and "Import" of the "Document" menu are used to exchange data between this and other programs.

A demo version of the product can be downloaded from http://www.ars.ru/products/download.asp?prod=35.

Price: $ 40

Document Management System "Euphrates Office"
Developer: Cognitive Technologies:

The "Euphrates" system is a tool for organizing documents, successfully solving problems associated with organizing documentation support for management. On the basis of the "client-server" technology "Euphrates" solves the problems of the organization's document circulation.

The system provides new opportunities for complex office automation, including registration, execution control, transfer, search and creation of an electronic archive of documents received from various sources.

Main features of "Euphrates Office":

• automatic input of documents (including OCR);
• registration (automatic full-text indexing of text documents for all words of the text, taking into account Russian morphology; requisite registration of any electronic and paper documents for any set of requisites, etc.);
• viewing;
• search (full-text and requisite search for documents on request of any complexity using logical operations "AND", "OR", "NOT"; contextual search);
• export;
• seal;
• creation of electronic archives;
• control and executive discipline;
• creation of reports.

It is possible to install the "Euphrates Document Server" module, which ensures the joint work of users with a single database.

Price: $ 199 including VAT.

IL-2. Stormtrooper
Developer: 1C: Maddox Games
Publisher: "1C"

Simulator of the legendary "flying tank" during the Great Patriotic War. The level of detail of equipment models is recognized to be superior to most of the existing games from the leaders of the western market. The quality of models of ground vehicles is not inferior to the quality of models of tank simulators, not to mention flight simulators. It is one of the most technologically advanced and historically accurate flight simulators in the history of the simulation genre. IL-2. Stormtrooper ”tells about the most large-scale battles that took place on the fronts in the period from 1941 to 1945. The game simulates 77 types of aircraft (of which you can fly 31), 86 types of tanks, armored vehicles and cars (both Soviet and American, and German), several types of locomotives, platforms with tanks, vehicles and anti-aircraft installations, passenger and freight cars , Soviet and German howitzers, warships and even submarines!

The family of reference legal systems "ConsultantPlus" includes 18 main software products: databases on federal and regional legislation, on international law, on judicial practice, databases on accounting and taxation. The users of the ConsultantPlus systems have access to legal acts of the Soviet period, as well as forms of business documentation.

Systems "ConsultantPlus" are used in practice by managers, accountants, lawyers and other specialists whose work is related to the application and analysis of legislation. Among the users are large, medium and small enterprises of all forms of ownership and various areas of activity.

All systems are developed in a single software technology and are equipped with the necessary functions to search for information and work with it. Documents in the database can be found both by the details (the receiving authority, date or time range of adoption, type of document, number), and by subject matter, and by any words or phrases from the text or title. The texts of the documents are provided with hyperlinks to related (changing, supplementing, etc.) legal acts. The user can print documents from the system, write them to a file, export them to MS Word for further work.

The ConsultantPlus software shell has been certified by Microsoft for compatibility with Windows operating systems and received the Microsoft logo “Certified for Microsoft Windows - Windows 2000 Professional”.

The system "ConsultantPlus" provides for regular updating of information. Information update standard - daily via telecommunication networks or weekly by courier delivery. The delivery of systems, as well as service maintenance, is carried out by 300 regional service centers of the ConsultantPlus network in 150 cities of Russia. Service maintenance includes updating information in the system on the user's computer, free training to work with the system (with the issuance of a personal certificate), free replacement of software versions with new ones, consultations on the operation of systems and technical support.

The delivery cost of a specific system depends on the amount of data included.

As an example, we can cite the cost of delivery and updating of the two most common systems: systems according to federal legislation ConsultantPlus: VersionProf and systems for information and legal support of accounting departments ConsultantAccountant: VersionProf. Installation of the ConsultantPlus system: VersiyaProf (34,000 documents, up to 400 new per month) costs 23,802 rubles, updating information - 1,794 rubles. Delivery of the system ConsultantAccountant: VersiyaProf (11,400 regulatory documents and 31,600 consulting materials, up to 110 new documents and up to 700 consulting materials per month) costs 10,300 rubles. 80 kopecks, updating information - 1,120 rubles. 80 kopecks. (All data and prices are as of November 2001).

Lexicon 5.1
Developer: "Arsenal"

Lexicon 5.1 is a full-featured word processor for Windows 98 / Me / NT / 2000, developed taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian language, the specifics of paperwork and office work. The program contains a rich set of functions (it makes it possible not only to fill in text information, but also to design it in almost any way, has a convenient and practical interface with flexible customization tools.

In addition to all the traditional functions of working with text, "Lexicon 5.1" has a unique document management system "Archive" - ​​these are catalogs of documents, systematized according to various criteria, regardless of the direct placement of files with these documents. This release introduces a powerful navigation tool for the first time, allowing the user to see concise contents of all open documents. The program also has a function for comparing documents with the ability to edit the compared text.

Lexicon 5.1 is equipped with a new system for searching and correcting spelling errors, which automatically checks mixed texts in Russian and English in the background. It is also possible to instantly correct a Russian text accidentally typed in the English keyboard mode, and vice versa.

Another important feature of Lexicon 5.1 is its versatility. The editor supports file formats MS Word 6-8, RTF, TXT, HTML, DOS versions of "Lexicon". In addition, the program is fully compatible with the Lotus Notes document management system and can be used with it as a basic text editor.

A demo version of the product can be downloaded at: http://www.ars.ru/products/download.asp?prod=173.

A JDBC interface has been created for customers who plan to make applications that use the Internet. LINTER JDBC (JDBC 1.2 specification) allows you to write applications in Java, provides access to a database over the Internet.

LINTER runs on various operating systems: MS Windows NT / 2000; 3.хх / 95/98, Linux, FreeBSD, UnixWare, QNX, UNIX System V, SINIX, Sun Solaris, Digital UNIX, USIX, OS / 9000, OS / 9, QNX, VAX / VMS, OpenVMS, VX Works, HP -UX, Novell NetWare, MS-DOS, OS / 2.

Linter can work both on a single computer and in a network - local or global, supporting network protocols: IPX / SPX, TCP / IP, NetBIOS and DECNet.

An important task is data protection and access restriction. In order to prevent leakage of confidential information, LINTER has a powerful security system. Currently, LINTER is the only DBMS that has received a certificate from the State Technical Commission under the President of the Russian Federation for compliance with the 2nd class of protection against unauthorized access via SVT.

The basis for the reliability of DBMS LINTER data handling is the system log, or the transaction log, which displays all changes made to the data by all users of the system. Linter implements four transaction modes: Optimistic, Pessimistic, Autocommit, Read-only. The safety of data from equipment failures is ensured by the archiving and recovery program, and the increased reliability of the information system is ensured by hot backup.

LINTER is a real-time system, therefore it is used in queuing systems where prompt processing of events from the outside world is required and where a long waiting time for a transaction to complete is unacceptable when the necessary data is at the disposal of another user.

The ability to quickly search in large volumes of information in full text and XML allows the system to be used as a search engine when creating Web servers.

For users working in other applications (Notepad, Navigator, Eudora Light, Exchange, etc.) or even in their own windows, check using hot keys using the ORFO Agent, as well as the Standalone Speller mini-editor with built-in spell check of typed text or Clipboard content.

For some languages, you can additionally order specialized dictionaries for such areas of knowledge as business, technology, medicine, etc.

The Russian grammar module, unlike MS Word, checks a few more difficult cases, where mistakes are often encountered. The Russian ORFO module additionally includes: an explanatory dictionary and grammatical reference book, writing an abstract and a list of keywords, searching and replacing words in all forms, a detailed help system, a macro command for placing all possible hyphens, etc.

The fact that ORFO is used to check spelling in MS Office makes it one of the most widespread Russian programs.

Prices: "ORFO 2002" basic - $ 8, "ORFO 2002" professional - $ 99.

ComputerPress 12 "2001

Recently, in the highest circles of power, there have been frequent calls for the transition to Russian software. So I decided to ask the question, what can we switch to. Operating systems based on Linux, I immediately threw away, because there is Russian, as in the INTEL processor. No matter how hard they try to promote something, it's still the same Linux with a different shell and it doesn't matter Rose or whatever.

Well, let's see what I was able to find on the net from Russian software.

Software products of Russian manufacturers

Parallels Desktop

Developer: Parallels Holdings, Ltd
Official website: http://www.parallels.com/ru/products/desktop/

Parallels Desktop® 12 for Mac is the fastest, easiest and most efficient solution to run Windows applications on Mac without rebooting. Effortlessly switch between Mac and Windows apps, launch Windows apps from the Mac Dock, use familiar Mac gestures in Windows apps, and copy and drag objects between apps for different operating systems.

Thanks to its high performance, you can run common Windows applications such as File Explorer and Microsoft Office, and even the most graphics-intensive applications without any performance hit. You can even use Microsoft's virtual voice assistant Cortana on your Mac.

Cortona VRML client

Developer: ParallelGraphics company

The Cortona VRML client from ParallelGraphics is the world's most popular VRML browser for viewing a variety of 3D scenes, models and worlds in VRML, the widely used ISO standard 3D format.

In addition to supporting the full VRML specification, Cortona also supports a variety of extensions such as NURBS and Splines, reflection maps, drag-and-drop, Automation Interface, etc. This functionality makes Cortona a powerful and efficient platform for building various online and offline 3D solutions such as virtual interactive guides, visualization of processes and procedures, entertainment and educational 3D single-user and multi-user services.

Through the use of advanced algorithms and technologies, Cortona can display the most complex scenes and models in real time, while achieving superior image quality. And with built-in support for DirectX, OpenGL, hardware graphics accelerators, and the fact that Cortona is optimized for various Intel processors (from the Pentium processor with MMX technology to the new Intel Pentium 4), users can be sure that Cortona will do the best for them. available hardware and software resources and will allow you to achieve maximum performance.

Today, the Cortona VRML client, already installed on more than 500 thousand computers worldwide, is the de facto standard for viewing VRML scenes and models. Companies that have chosen Cortona include BBC Online, Boeing, Man Roland and many others.

ParallelGraphics also offers versions of Cortona for other platforms: Mac, Mac OS X, Java, and Pocket PC.

For more information on the Cortona VRML client and a free version for personal use, visit the company's website http://www.parallelgraphics.com/products/cortona/. For personal non-commercial use, Cortona VRML client is distributed free of charge. A commercial license starts at $ 5 per seat.

1c accounting

"1C: Accounting" - probably the most popular product on the Russian market - is found in almost all the responses to the above survey. It is a versatile mass-use software for accounting automation. It can be used both independently and together with other products of the 1C: Enterprise 7.7 system (1C: Trade and Warehouse, 1C: Salary and Personnel, Production + Services + Accounting, etc.). A typical configuration is a turnkey solution for automating most areas of accounting. The delivery set includes a configuration intended for accounting in self-supporting organizations. For accounting in institutions and organizations that are on a budget, the separately supplied configuration "For budget organizations" is intended. In addition, "1C: Accounting 7.7" can be used with other specially created configurations.

The program allows you to automate both the maintenance of all sections of accounting (providing flexible options for this, including the use of several charts of accounts at the same time, multidimensional analytical accounting, complex transactions, etc.), and the preparation of any primary documents.

The initial information in "1C: Accounting 7.7" is an operation that reflects a real business transaction at the enterprise. The transaction contains one or more accounting entries to reflect the completed business transaction in accounting. Operations can be entered manually or generated by the entered documents automatically. Also, the program can use standard operations that make it possible to automate the input of frequently repeated operations.

"1C: Accounting 7.7" includes a set of standard reports that allow an accountant to obtain information for an arbitrary period, in various sections and with the required degree of detail. All generated reports can be printed. The program includes a set of accounting and tax reporting forms, which are quarterly updated and distributed free of charge to registered users.

Typical configuration "1C: Accounting 7.7" implements the most general accounting schemes and can be used in most organizations. To reflect the specifics of accounting for a particular enterprise, the typical configuration can be changed in accordance with the accounting requirements.

When the legislation and accounting methodology change, updates of the standard configuration of "1C: Accounting" are issued, which are provided free of charge to registered users. The update mode implemented in the program allows you to download new features without losing the data previously entered by the user.

"1C: Accounting 7.7" contains a variety of tools for communication with other programs:

• connection of legal support systems "1C: Garant". Integration of the "1C: Garant" system and the programs of the "1C: Enterprise" system allows you to select regulatory documents for the account or type of payroll with which the accountant works;
• the ability to exchange information with the "Bank's Client" systems;
• data exchange with other systems through files in text format or in DBF format, as well as based on modern integration tools: OLE, OLE Automation and DDE. Using these tools allows you to control the work of other programs through the built-in language (for example, generate reports and graphs in Microsoft Excel);
• get access to the data of "1C: Accounting 7.7" from other programs;
• Insert objects created by other programs into 1C: Accounting 7.7 documents and reports.

ABBYY FineReader 5.0

The world's most accurate recognition system ABBYY FineReader 5.0 is designed to automatically enter documents into a computer using a scanner.

The program is easy to use: you insert a document into the scanner, press the Scan & Read button, and the recognized text appears on the text editor screen. At the same time, the design of the document is fully preserved: the location of the text, tables, pictures, the color of the text.

FineReader 5.0 differs from other recognition systems by the following properties:

• recognition quality - the recognition accuracy in the fifth version of FineReader has improved 1.5-2 times compared to version 4.0. To date, FineReader's OCR system has received more than 50 awards from reputable international publications;
• accurate preservation of the document design - the preservation of the design is improved both by improving the analysis of the document and by more accurately preserving its font design (such features as bold and italic style, the distance between words and paragraphs, etc. are preserved);
• fast publication of documents on the Internet - HTML, PDF formats are supported;
• 176 recognition languages ​​- for 30 of them the spell check function is available;
• call from Microsoft Word;
• automatic division of double book pages.

FineReader 5.0 Pro is the most popular version in the FineReader line, combining the level of the professional version with an affordable price. Provides high quality work in automatic mode, provides ample opportunities for editing the result (convenient built-in editor, the ability to check with the image, an ergonomic interface of the spell checker window, tools for editing blocks).

FineReader 5.0 Office includes additional professional features such as barcode recognition and new language creation. But the main difference is the ability to organize bulk input. The version supports networked document processing. The delivery of the Office version includes a program for filling out forms Formulator, which allows you to fill out any form in a few minutes, for example, an application for the issuance of a passport, an application for a visa or a registration card.

PROMT Translation Office 2000

Developer: PROMT company

PROMT Translation Office 2000 is a system for professional work with texts in foreign languages. The product includes 8 programs that effectively solve the problem of translation when working with documents, correspondence and when working on the Internet. The system is already well known to many users, so we will list only its main features:

• the system is built into all Microsoft Office 2000 applications, which allows you to comfortably translate Word documents and emails into Outlook without leaving the window of a familiar application;
• professional linguistic editor PROMT provides a wide range of settings for various specialized texts, being an indispensable tool for translators and linguists;
• a large English-Russian-English dictionary, which is included in the package, allows you to find a translation of almost any English or Russian word;
• WebView browser allows you to easily get acquainted with information on foreign sites and search the Internet.

Translation Office 2000 was released in April 2000 and has been continuously improved and developed over the past year and a half. Among the most significant changes are the update of the translation engine (up to version 1.9), in order to improve the quality of translation, and the acceleration of the mechanism for embedding translation functions in Microsoft Office 2000 applications.

This year it became possible to translate from Spanish into Russian. Thus, the PROMT Translation Office 2000 system now works for five European languages: English, German, French, Italian and Spanish.

Price: $ 300

Kaspersky Anti-Virus

Developer: "Kaspersky Lab"

Kaspersky Anti-Virus is a recognized leader in computer information protection technologies. Many of the functional features of most modern antiviruses were first developed at Kaspersky Lab. A number of large Western manufacturers of antivirus software use the antivirus engine of this product in their products. The exceptional reliability and quality of the program is confirmed by numerous awards and certificates of Russian and foreign computer publications, independent test laboratories. Kaspersky Lab develops a wide range of information security software products. The company's product line includes anti-virus programs, information integrity control systems and protection systems against external intrusions. Antivirus is one of the main areas of activity of Kaspersky Lab, on which the main efforts of the company are concentrated. The offered range of products is aimed at both home computers and corporate networks of any size. The company's anti-virus solutions provide reliable control over all potential sources of penetration of computer viruses: they are used on workstations, file servers, Web servers, mail systems, firewalls, and pocket computers. Convenient management tools enable users to automate the anti-virus protection of computers and corporate networks as much as possible.

Kaspersky Anti-Virus can be purchased in computer stores and showrooms or via the Internet: through the People's Anti-Virus marketing program, by credit cards, in online stores, as well as from the company's official partners.

Prices for all products can be found at http://www.kaspersky.com/products.asp?pricelist=1.

Prices for products for home users with a one-year subscription: Kaspersky Anti-Virus Personal - $ 50, Kaspersky Anti-Virus Personal Pro - $ 69.

ABBYY Lingvo 7.0

Developer: ABBYY Software House

The powerful professional dictionary ABBYY Lingvo 7.0 is very easy to use. In addition to an extensive vocabulary base, the advantages of Lingvo include a fast and convenient search system, grammatical comments on words, the ability to create your own dictionaries. In addition, the most common English words in Lingvo are voiced by a native speaker. All this makes Lingvo 7.0 an indispensable assistant not only for translators, but also for language learners.

ABBYY Lingvo 7.0 (English-Russian and Russian-English versions) contains more than 1 million 200 thousand entries in 18 English-Russian and Russian-English dictionaries of general and specialized vocabulary (economic, scientific and technical, polytechnic, computer technology and programming, oil and gas, etc.). In this case, the user can work with any number of necessary dictionaries in all combinations.

Lingvo 7.0 Pros:

• high-quality dictionaries with modern vocabulary;
• online translation using hotkeys Ctrl-Ins-Ins;
• creation of custom dictionaries;
• free user dictionaries at http://www.lingvo.ru/;
• comments on words;
  live sound of 5 thousand English words;
• thoughtful interface; support for drag-and-drop technology; simultaneous work with a large number of dictionaries on a virtual bookshelf.

The price of the English-Russian and Russian-English versions is 12 USD.

Doctor Web

Developer: DialogueScience

According to the results of our survey, Doctor Web was in second place, behind Kaspersky Anti-Virus in popularity. However, DialogueNauka, as is evident from the press releases distributed by the company, is not at all inclined to dramatize the situation. On the contrary (and this is an indisputable fact), 2001 was the most successful year in Doctor Web's career - in November, the program received its seventh VB100% award, awarded according to the results of the most authoritative comparative antivirus testing conducted by the independent international magazine Virus Bulletin. Considering that four out of seven awards have been received since September 2001, it must be admitted that the optimism of DialogueNauka employees is not without foundation.

But the matter, of course, is not only about the awards. Over the past year, the program has been continuously improved, and the product has been developed both “in depth” (technologically) and “in breadth” (versions for various operating systems were released). The latter, by the way, did not go unnoticed by colleagues in the shop - it was Doctor Web for Linux that was chosen by ASPLinux manufacturers to be included in the delivery of the corresponding operating system. A complete listing of all the technological know-how implemented in the program would take too much space. Let's note only a few, the most striking:

• a powerful heuristic for detecting viruses that are not included in the virus database (however, the database is sometimes updated several times a day - by releasing so-called hot add-ons);
• unique technology for controlling virus activity, implemented in the resident watchdog SpIDer Guard;
• full Windows memory check.

It should also be noted that Doctor Web, stuffed with many "high technologies", has not turned into an antivirus "monster" that scares viruses by its volume alone. The developers manage to save the face of the program, so beloved by many users: compactness, reliability, performance and external simplicity.

Annual subscription price $ 51

The full pricing table can be found on the developer's website.

FAR

Developer: Evgeny Roshal

FAR is a powerful file wrapper for Windows, one of the best Norton-like file managers. The program interface repeats the traditional Norton Commander interface (the same menu and even launching the program in a DOS window), which makes it easier to launch some old programs developed for DOS. At the same time, FAR has many new functions that make working with the program very convenient.

FAR provides a wide range of commands for files and folders (view, edit, copy, move and rename, create, delete), has a simple user-friendly interface, and provides drag-and-drop functions for copy and move operations. The program works correctly with long file names, allows you to search and view texts in several different Russian encodings, to enter the archives of most popular archivers.

FAR provides convenient access to file archives on the Internet via FTP. You can pre-configure the parameters for connecting to the FTP server by typing the server address, name and password for access, as well as other parameters (and you can configure any number of such connections), and then connect to the server by simply selecting one of the previously configured connections. The list of FTP servers can have a branching structure, that is, you can create folders inside it and put new connections to FTP servers there or copy existing ones. Once connected, working with the server for transferring files is no different from working with files on your computer: the same functions are available for copying, deleting, creating files and directories on an FTP server.

For convenience, files of different types in FAR are displayed in different colors, and it is possible to customize the colors for each group and determine what types of files are included in the group. FAR Manager is an open architecture program that allows you to write your own plugins.

You can significantly expand the capabilities of the FAR program and improve the usability with the help of add-ons, many of which can be found on the Internet at sites with free software.

You can download the program at:

Pricing: Single-user $ 25, 5-user $ 85.7

The Bat!

The Bat! is a powerful and convenient email client for Windows 95/98 / NT from RIT Labs. The program has many unique features and is an example of how a small company can create a product that can compete with the programs of the world's giants.

The Bat! has a small size (the installation file without the Russian interface takes about 2 MB), supports any number of mailboxes (accounts), supports the POP3 / SMTP, APOP, IMAP4, LDAP protocols, provides a wide selection of interface languages ​​with the ability to switch on the fly (17 languages , including almost all Slavic ones). You can view files in HTML format, import data from other mail programs, there are built-in viewing tools for graphic files (* .GIF, * .PNG, * .BMP, * .ICO, * .WMF, * .EMF and * .JPEG).

The Bat! has powerful filters for sorting messages that automate work with correspondence. The program provides a convenient text editor with formatting and auto-spell check in several languages. Absolutely correct support for all Russian and other Eastern European encodings has been implemented (koi-8, win-1251, dos-866, etc.).

Additional convenience is provided by message templates and "quick templates" that insert pre-prepared text, save a lot of time when writing letters.

The Bat! is distributed as shareware, and you can run a full commercial version of the program for 30 days by downloading version 1.53d at: http://www.ritlabs.com/en/the_bat/download.html and then follow register your copy. Recommended prices for a single copy of the product: student - $ 15, individuals - $ 20, commercial - $ 30.

T-FLEX CAD

Developer: "Top Systems"

T-FLEX CAD is one of the best Russian computer-aided design systems for the preparation of design and technological documentation. To create design products (drawings, models, documentation, etc.), Top Systems offers five systems that allow you to cover all levels of design automation: T-FLEX CAD LT (drawing automation), T-FLEX CAD 2D (design automation), T-FLEX CAD 3D SE (preparation of drawings for 3D models), T-FLEX CAD 3D (three-dimensional modeling), T-FLEX CAD Viewer (free software for viewing and printing 2D drawings T-FLEX CAD) ...

The proposed systems allow a flexible approach to equipping workplaces for solving production problems, taking into account the specifics of work at each workplace and the financial capabilities of the enterprise. The possibility of phased software and hardware equipment while maintaining the efficiency of already running programs makes the choice of T-FLEX very attractive. The complex equipment with the proposed systems has the best functionality / price ratio.

Powerful parametric tools of the T-FLEX CAD 2D system, used for design automation, significantly increase the productivity of the designer.

The economical T-FLEX CAD LT system differs from T-FLEX 2D only in the absence of parameterization tools. The system contains a set of functions sufficient to generate drawings of any complexity. Designed with the latest advances in CAD, sketching functions allow you to quickly, conveniently and accurately create non-parametric drawings. All functions of drawing design, copying, import-export, working with texts, tables, libraries of texts and 2D elements are supported.

T-FLEX CAD 3D is the first and so far the only Russian system using the Parasolid geometric kernel from Unigraphics Solutions, which allows T-FLEX CAD 3D users to model three-dimensional parts and assembly structures of any complexity.

The T-FLEX CAD 3D SE system makes it possible to minimize the cost of preparing drawing documentation for 3D models created in T-FLEX CAD 3D or imported from other systems.

The free T-FLEX CAD Viewer program is designed for viewing and printing two-dimensional drawings made in the T-FLEX CAD system. Users of the T-FLEX CAD system can transfer their design and technological documentation in electronic form to partners working with other programs. T-FLEX CAD Viewer can also be used in technical document management systems to view T-FLEX CAD drawings.

Main features of T-FLEX CAD systems:

User-friendly parameterization tools are the basis of advanced T-FLEX CAD technologies. Unlike similar CAD systems, programming skills are not required to create parametric models in T-FLEX CAD, since the designer deals with ordinary variables and functions. T-FLEX CAD's parametric relationships make project animations easy and natural, providing the ability to view the motion of the structure created by the designer and kinematic analysis;
optimization is one of the most powerful design tools that allows you to select the best product parameters without manually adjusting the geometry. Thanks to the model optimization module, in T-FLEX CAD it is much easier to determine the parameters of bodies of a given volume, mass-inertial characteristics, balance, balancing, etc .;
user dialogue is a new functionality offered today only by T-FLEX. The dialog organizes a visual presentation of the changeable parameters of the unified part of the enterprise. This facilitates the use of a parametric project by any designer, makes it possible to display the parameters used in a compact manner. Dialogues are convenient for offering products on the Internet, since it is possible to display not only mutable variables that a potential customer can play with, but also information from the developer;
Assembly models are the key to global design automation. A distinctive feature of T-FLEX CAD is the creation of parametric assembly drawings, which can be created both from a separate part to an assembly, and from an assembly to each part or in a complex manner. Using the parametric drawings of individual parts created in T-FLEX CAD 2D, you can connect them into assembly drawings. Changing the parameters of the assembly drawing leads to a change in all of its components.
Prices: T-FLEX CAD LT - $ 499, T-FLEX CAD 2D - $ 949, T-FLEX CAD 3D SE - $ 1495, T-FLEX CAD 3D - $ 2895.

WinRAR

Developer: Evgeny Roshal

WinRAR is a 32-bit version of the RAR archiver for Windows, a powerful tool for creating and managing archives. There are several versions of RAR for different operating systems, in particular for DOS, OS / 2, Windows (32-bit), UNIX (Linux, BSD, SCO, Sparc and HP-UX) and Be OS.

There are two versions of RAR for Windows: a graphical user interface (GUI) version of WinRAR.exe and a console version of Rar.exe that runs from the command line in text mode.

WinRAR provides full support for RAR and ZIP archives, implements the original highly efficient data compression algorithm and a special multimedia compression algorithm. The user-friendly interface supports drag-and-drop technology).

The program includes:

availability of a command line interface;
management of archives of other formats (CAB, ARJ, LZH, TAR, GZ, ACE, UUE);
support for solid archives, in which the compression ratio can be 10-50% higher than with conventional compression methods, especially when packing a significant number of small similar files;
support for multivolume archives;
creation of self-extracting (SFX) regular and multivolume archives using standard or optional SFX modules;
recovery of physically damaged archives.
Other advanced features are also available, such as encryption, adding archive comments (with ANSI ESC support), error logging, and more.

The next version of WinRAR 2.90 appeared in September of this year.

Pricing: Single-user $ 35, 5-user $ 120

Compass 3D

Developer: ASKON
Developer site: http://kompas.ru

The KOMPAS-3D system allows you to implement the classic process of three-dimensional parametric design - from an idea to an associative volumetric model, from a model to design documentation.

The key feature of KOMPAS-3D is the use of its own mathematical kernel and parametric technologies developed by ASCON specialists.

The main components of KOMPAS-3D are a three-dimensional solid modeling system, a universal computer-aided design system KOMPAS-Graphic and a specification design module. All of them are easy to learn, have a Russian-language interface and help system.

The basic capabilities of the system include functionality that allows you to design a product of any degree of complexity in 3D, and then issue a set of documentation for this product required for its manufacture in accordance with the current standards (GOST, STP, etc.).

The basic functionality of the product can be easily expanded through various applications that complement the KOMPAS-3D functionality with effective tools for solving specialized engineering problems. The modularity of the system allows the user to define himself the set of applications he needs, which provide only the required functionality.

Main features of KOMPAS-3D

• Creation of three-dimensional associative models of individual parts (including parts formed from sheet material by bending it) and assembly units containing both original and standardized structural elements.
• Associative views of 3D models are automatically generated: cuts, sections, local cuts, local views, arrow views, break views. Changes to the model result in a change in the image in the drawing.
• Standard views are automatically built in a projection link. The data in the title block of the drawing (designation, name, weight) is synchronized with the data from the three-dimensional model.
• Connection of three-dimensional models and drawings with specifications; during design, the specification can be obtained automatically. Changes to the drawing or model will be transferred to the BOM and vice versa.
• Parametric technology for obtaining a model of typical products based on a previously designed prototype.

Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2001

Developer: "Cyril and Methodius"

BECM'2001 is the fifth edition of the popular Russian encyclopedia, the content of which has been constantly expanding and updating for five years. Each new version of this universal program contains numerous changes and additions that allow it to be always up-to-date and reliable. Now the volume of textual information included in the "Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2001" is 68 book volumes (in the usual format, 600 pages each).

BECM'2001 contains:

• 82 thousand encyclopedic articles;
• 17 400 illustrations;
• 640 audio fragments (7 hours of sound);
• 420 video clips (5 hours of video);
• geographic atlas of the world;
• statistical data on the countries of the world;
• texts of the laws of the Russian Federation;
• Chronicle of Humanity (four scales);
• animated maps;
• "The Age of Dinosaurs";
• Ecosystems of the Earth (22 multimedia panoramas);
• “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” by SI Ozhegov and N.Yu.Shvedova;
• "Explanatory Dictionary of Foreign Words" by LP Krysin.

BECM is an extensive source of information in all areas of knowledge: a gigantic amount of data, a meticulously developed structure of the encyclopedia, a wide range of applications and a unique search engine make it possible to talk about the most effective use of the encyclopedia in any area of ​​human activity. Legal users of the previous editions of BECM will be able to exchange their disks for BECM'2001 for $ 22. BECM'2001 is distributed in two versions: on 8 CDs and on DVD.

Price $ 45

Descartes 2.9

Developer: "Arsenal"

"Descartes 2.9" is a personal finance system that takes into account all income and expenses (cash, transactions with plastic cards, transactions on bank accounts) and gives a complete picture of your financial situation. The program is easy to learn and serves as an indispensable tool for managing your personal or family budget.

Functionality of the program:

• multicurrency accounts - accounts can be maintained in any currency, and a reference book of rates is kept for each currency;
• classification, periodization and detailing of transactions - the ability to set your own categories of financial transactions, appointments, addressees and transaction labels;
• automatic input of repetitive operations at a specified frequency or in a specified period of time;
• debts and loans - the ability to track operations for the return of debts, obtaining or issuing loans with automatic accounting of interest on these operations;
• text and graphic reports - "Descartes" generates various reports in text or graphic form: general balance, dynamics of expenses and income for the period, structure of expenses and income for the period, account statement, layout by two arbitrary classifications, date or amount. The generated reports can be printed in text or graphic form and exported to common Microsoft Word and Excel applications;
• the ability to work with multiple databases - this feature is included in the system at the request of users using this program for business purposes. This is convenient, in particular, for employees of a small enterprise working on a single computer;
• work with external modules - the items "Export" and "Import" of the "Document" menu are used to exchange data between this and other programs.

A demo version of the product can be downloaded from http://www.ars.ru/products/download.asp?prod=35.

Price: $ 40

Document Management System "Euphrates Office"

Developer: Cognitive Technologies:

The "Euphrates" system is a tool for organizing documents, successfully solving problems associated with organizing documentation support for management. On the basis of the "client-server" technology "Euphrates" solves the problems of the organization's document circulation.

The system provides new opportunities for complex office automation, including registration, execution control, transfer, search and creation of an electronic archive of documents received from various sources.

Main features of "Euphrates Office":

• automatic input of documents (including OCR);
• registration (automatic full-text indexing of text documents for all words of the text, taking into account Russian morphology; requisite registration of any electronic and paper documents for any set of requisites, etc.);
  viewing;
• search (full-text and requisite search for documents on request of any complexity using logical operations "AND", "OR", "NOT";
• context search);
• export;
• seal;
• creation of electronic archives;
• control and executive discipline;
• creation of reports.

It is possible to install the "Euphrates Document Server" module, which ensures the joint work of users with a single database.

Price: $ 199 including VAT.

IL-2. Stormtrooper

Developer: 1C: Maddox Games
Publisher: "1C"

Simulator of the legendary "flying tank" during the Great Patriotic War. The level of detail of equipment models is recognized to be superior to most of the existing games from the leaders of the western market. The quality of models of ground vehicles is not inferior to the quality of models of tank simulators, not to mention flight simulators. It is one of the most technologically advanced and historically accurate flight simulators in the history of the simulation genre. IL-2. Stormtrooper ”tells about the most large-scale battles that took place on the fronts in the period from 1941 to 1945. The game simulates 77 types of aircraft (of which you can fly 31), 86 types of tanks, armored vehicles and cars (both Soviet, American and German), several types of locomotives, platforms with tanks, vehicles and anti-aircraft installations, passenger and freight cars , Soviet and German howitzers, warships and even submarines!

The game also has a built-in unique mission editor, with which you can create anything you want. You will not be able to change the map itself, but there are practically no restrictions on the placement of objects. All types of aircraft and ground vehicles are available in the editor, each unit can be assigned a route and targets - in general, the scale of the mission depends only on the power of your computer. Especially for those who do not like simulators because of their realism, various difficulty settings are provided.

Price - about $ 2.8

Consultant Plus

Developer: "ConsultantPlus"

The family of reference legal systems "ConsultantPlus" includes 18 main software products: databases on federal and regional legislation, on international law, on judicial practice, databases on accounting and taxation. The users of the ConsultantPlus systems have access to legal acts of the Soviet period, as well as forms of business documentation.

Systems "ConsultantPlus" are used in practice by managers, accountants, lawyers and other specialists whose work is related to the application and analysis of legislation. Among the users are large, medium and small enterprises of all forms of ownership and various areas of activity.

All systems are developed in a single software technology and are equipped with the necessary functions to search for information and work with it. Documents in the database can be found both by the details (the receiving authority, date or time range of adoption, type of document, number), and by subject matter, and by any words or phrases from the text or title. The texts of the documents are provided with hyperlinks to related (changing, supplementing, etc.) legal acts. The user can print documents from the system, write them to a file, export them to MS Word for further work.

The ConsultantPlus software shell has been certified by Microsoft for compatibility with Windows operating systems and received the Microsoft logo “Certified for Microsoft Windows - Windows 2000 Professional”.

The system "ConsultantPlus" provides for regular updating of information. Information update standard - daily via telecommunication networks or weekly by courier delivery. The delivery of systems, as well as service maintenance, is carried out by 300 regional service centers of the ConsultantPlus network in 150 cities of Russia. Service maintenance includes updating information in the system on the user's computer, free training to work with the system (with the issuance of a personal certificate), free replacement of software versions with new ones, consultations on the operation of systems and technical support.

The delivery cost of a specific system depends on the amount of data included.

As an example, we can cite the cost of delivery and updating of the two most common systems: systems according to federal legislation ConsultantPlus: VersionProf and systems for information and legal support of accounting departments ConsultantAccountant: VersionProf. Installation of the ConsultantPlus system: VersiyaProf (34,000 documents, up to 400 new per month) costs 23,802 rubles, updating information - 1,794 rubles. Delivery of the system ConsultantAccountant: VersiyaProf (11,400 regulatory documents and 31,600 consulting materials, up to 110 new documents and up to 700 consulting materials per month) costs 10,300 rubles. 80 kopecks, updating information - 1,120 rubles. 80 kopecks. (All data and prices are as of November 2001).

Lexicon 5.1

Developer: "Arsenal"

Lexicon 5.1 is a full-featured word processor for Windows 98 / Me / NT / 2000, developed taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian language, the specifics of paperwork and office work. The program contains a rich set of functions (it makes it possible not only to fill in text information, but also to design it in almost any way, has a convenient and practical interface with flexible customization tools.

In addition to all the traditional functions of working with text, "Lexicon 5.1" has a unique document management system "Archive" - ​​these are catalogs of documents, systematized according to various criteria, regardless of the direct placement of files with these documents. This release introduces a powerful navigation tool for the first time, allowing the user to see concise contents of all open documents. The program also has a function for comparing documents with the ability to edit the compared text.

Lexicon 5.1 is equipped with a new system for searching and correcting spelling errors, which automatically checks mixed texts in Russian and English in the background. It is also possible to instantly correct a Russian text accidentally typed in the English keyboard mode, and vice versa.

Another important feature of Lexicon 5.1 is its versatility. The editor supports file formats MS Word 6-8, RTF, TXT, HTML, DOS versions of "Lexicon". In addition, the program is fully compatible with the Lotus Notes document management system and can be used with it as a basic text editor.

A demo version of the product can be downloaded at: http://www.ars.ru/products/download.asp?prod=173.

Linter database management system

LINTER is an open relational DBMS with a client-server architecture that uses the SQL query language to access data. LINTER implements the international standard ANSI / ISO SQL 92, the support of which ensures compatibility with other systems.

The presence of the ODBC 3.x driver allows users to receive data from LINTER by accessing the database from the most popular applications today (Word, Excel, Access). Developers can create various application programs using application development tools such as Delphi, Visual Basic, Power Builder, C / C ++, etc.

A JDBC interface has been created for customers who plan to make applications that use the Internet. LINTER JDBC (JDBC 1.2 specification) allows you to write applications in Java, provides access to a database over the Internet.

LINTER runs on various operating systems: MS Windows NT / 2000; 3.хх / 95/98, Linux, FreeBSD, UnixWare, QNX, UNIX System V, SINIX, Sun Solaris, Digital UNIX, USIX, OS / 9000, OS / 9, QNX, VAX / VMS, OpenVMS, VX Works, HP -UX, Novell NetWare, MS-DOS, OS / 2.

Linter can work both on a single computer and in a network - local or global, supporting network protocols: IPX / SPX, TCP / IP, NetBIOS and DECNet.

An important task is data protection and access restriction. In order to prevent leakage of confidential information, LINTER has a powerful security system. Currently, LINTER is the only DBMS that has received a certificate from the State Technical Commission under the President of the Russian Federation for compliance with the 2nd class of protection against unauthorized access via SVT.

The basis for the reliability of DBMS LINTER data handling is the system log, or the transaction log, which displays all changes made to the data by all users of the system. Linter implements four transaction modes: Optimistic, Pessimistic, Autocommit, Read-only. The safety of data from equipment failures is ensured by the archiving and recovery program, and the increased reliability of the information system is ensured by hot backup.

LINTER is a real-time system, therefore it is used in queuing systems where prompt processing of events from the outside world is required and where a long waiting time for a transaction to complete is unacceptable when the necessary data is at the disposal of another user.

The ability to quickly search in large volumes of information in full text and XML allows the system to be used as a search engine when creating Web servers.

LINTER is constantly improving and developing. The development team is constantly implementing new and new functions, some of which are inherent only in this DBMS.

ORFO

Developer: "Informatic"

The popular domestic development "ORFO 2002" is a package that checks the spelling in six languages: Russian, English, German, French, Spanish and Ukrainian. For all languages ​​there is a convenient tool for adding new words with all their forms. In addition to Microsoft products, ORFO connects to PageMaker, WordPerfect, WordPro and QuarkXPress, and the same user dictionary is used everywhere. If, for example, you prepare texts in MS Word, and then transfer them for layout to PageMaker, then all new words added to the dictionary will automatically go to PageMaker.

For users working in other applications (Notepad, Navigator, Eudora Light, Exchange, etc.) or even in their own windows, check using hot keys using the ORFO Agent, as well as the Standalone Speller mini-editor with built-in spell check of typed text or Clipboard content.

For some languages, you can additionally order specialized dictionaries for such areas of knowledge as business, technology, medicine, etc.

The Russian grammar module, unlike MS Word, checks a few more difficult cases, where mistakes are often encountered. The Russian ORFO module additionally includes: an explanatory dictionary and a grammatical reference book, writing an abstract and a list of keywords, searching and replacing words in all forms, a detailed help system, a macro command for placing all possible hyphens, etc.

The fact that ORFO is used to check spelling in MS Office makes it one of the most widespread Russian programs.

Prices: "ORFO 2002" basic - $ 8, "ORFO 2002" professional - $ 99.

Well, there is, of course, software that is developed exclusively for military purposes.

What can we conclude from the above. That the transition to something remotely Russian is not yet in sight for us. All software, except for military software, was developed for Windows and Mac OS X operating systems, and was developed for commercial purposes. Therefore, many software products are popular in the foreign market.

If we were hoping for Russian computer development, we would still be sitting at the sail and the Spectrum, downloading programs from bobbins and cassettes. What we will advise the officials to switch to, this has a huge plus - the system is absolutely safe!

I think that any of the readers of this article no longer considers the words "Operating system" and "Windows" as synonyms, since knows at least one or more other systems. For many it will be Android, for a significant circle Windows Phone and iOS are known, slightly fewer people have heard about OS X, FreeBSD and Ubuntu. All of these operating systems are developed by Western (mainly American) organizations. At first glance, a Russian person has nowhere to cast his gaze ... but no. We also have our own masters.

We are already accustomed to the fact that information technologies for Russia are not a subject of creativity, but a subject of passive study. Yes, we know a world-class antivirus from Kaspersky or, at the moment, the best text recognizer, FineReader, is also from a Russian company. Someone will remember Dr.Web. But in the general context, it is, if not a drop, then a small puddle in the sea that makes up our computer horizons. This illusion is erroneous because not all active members of the IT community are evaluated, but only those who actively promote themselves through advertising or sales managers. And who is outside our horizons? Yes, tens of thousands of domestic developers of different levels of professionalism and different areas of tasks to be solved.

It's no secret that the most important component of any computer (except for the hardware inside the case) is the operating system. But do we have here what to look after for ourselves from the domestic? It turns out there is. Here is a short list of real projects that have been launched and have been working for several years:

I decided to consider the first (ROSU), because I guess it is the most user-friendly for former Windows users that I have tried. More precisely: the "for the people" edition - Fresh (ie "Fresh" ROSA).

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The main problem for the user of the new operating system is mastering the new logic of working with the computer (after all, ROSA is not a Windows clone, but a completely different OS). For example, a person who decides to switch to OS X from Apple will have to resolutely reject Windows habits up to "hot keys". Here the Russian operating system has a minimum of problems: the bottom panel resembles the usual "Vendian" by the logic of its operation, and the menu structure (let's call it "START") will delight you with its simplicity and functionality.

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But this is only external "cosmetics". Inside there are all the tools necessary even for a fairly advanced user: built-in players of a huge number of formats, a full-fledged office suite (similar to MS Office), graphics, audio and video editors, an email client, two (!) Browsers for lovers from different camps (Firefox and Chromium) , a client capable of connecting to ICQ and QIP, utilities for writing bootable flash drives and disks. If necessary, we can re-install Skype, TeamViewer and other useful programs through a convenient and concise program installer (most programs are installed and updated through this one tool without the need to manually update).

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And even with all the massiveness of the pre-installed set of programs, ROSA manages to load and shutdown faster than the products of the Redmond corporation. And the problem of viruses will only bother those who purposefully install them into the system. They cannot appear “suddenly” on the computer.

With all this, the system has many unique features for the Windows user. What is just the ability to distribute WiFi Internet from your laptop in two clicks or the ability, after turning on the "freeze mode", to scoff with experiments on the system, and then after rebooting, see the system in a "pre-frozen" state.

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In general, there are many advantages. You need to feel them to understand this. To do this, it is enough to boot into a full-fledged operating system directly from a CD or flash drive, without installing the system (unusual, right?). And if you like it, then install the system and browse the Internet during installation or write an interesting article.

Another advantage of the Russian OS is an active and accessible Russian-speaking community.

Essential software for your computer, without it a PC is just a piece of hardware. The section presents free analogues of Microsoft Windows.

Below you will find free programs distributed under licenses

Linux UBUNTU

official site OS 5

One of the many free operating systems based on the Linux kernel. The operating system has an intuitive interface and is quite easy to work with. The operating system is pretty much reliable and you don't have to be afraid of viruses. By default, the operating system includes a set of necessary applications for working with documents and the Internet. The OS is constantly being updated.

Linux openSuse

Linux, FreeBSD, Mac OS X official site 04 February 2016 GNU General Public License - license for personal and commercial use OS 2

Free modern Linux, correctly Russified, contains all programs that are written for Linux / Unix and which are not in other Linux versions. Also based on openSuse, the most modern server version of SLES Linux is released.

ReactOS

Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, Mac OS X official site April 17, 2016 GNU General Public License - license for personal and commercial use OS 9

ReactOS is truly a free Windows counterpart. This operating system is being developed to be able to run Windows applications on it. In other words, if you install ReactOS, you can use the applications you know. It is worth noting that ReactOS is far from complete and not all functionality is supported. The interface of this free OS resembles Windows 98.