entranceIrish Windows code page.
Windows-1251 - a set of characters and encoding, which is a standard 8-bit encoding for all Russians microsoft versions Windows. This encoding is quite high in Eastern European countries. Windows-1251 is favorably different from other 8-bit Cyrillic encodings (such as CP866, KOI8-R and ISO 8859-5) the presence of almost all the characters used in the traditional Russian typography for ordinary text (there is no stress sign). Cyrillic symbols are in alphabetical order.
Windows-1251 also contains all the characters for the languages \u200b\u200bclose to Russian: Belorussky, Ukrainian, Serbian, Macedonian and Bulgarian.
In practice, it turned out to be enough to enhance the Windows-1251 encoding on the Internet until the UTF-8 spread.
| DEC | Hex. | Symbol | DEC | Hex. | Symbol | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 000 | 00 | Nop. | 128 | 80 | Ђ | |
| 001 | 01 | Soh. | 129 | 81 | Ѓ | |
| 002 | 02 | STX. | 130 | 82 | ‚ | |
| 003 | 03 | Etx | 131 | 83 | ѓ | |
| 004 | 04 | EOT. | 132 | 84 | „ | |
| 005 | 05 | Enq | 133 | 85 | … | |
| 006 | 06 | ACK. | 134 | 86 | † | |
| 007 | 07 | Bel. | 135 | 87 | ‡ | |
| 008 | 08 | BS. | 136 | 88 | € | |
| 009 | 09 | Tab. | 137 | 89 | ‰ | |
| 010 | 0a. | LF. | 138 | 8A. | Љ | |
| 011 | 0b. | Vt. | 139 | 8b. | ‹ | |
| 012 | 0c. | FF. | 140 | 8c. | Њ | |
| 013 | 0d. | CR | 141 | 8d. | Ќ | |
| 014 | 0E. | SO. | 142 | 8e. | Ћ | |
| 015 | 0F. | SI | 143 | 8f. | Џ | |
| 016 | 10 | DLE. | 144 | 90 | ђ | |
| 017 | 11 | DC1 | 145 | 91 | ‘ | |
| 018 | 12 | DC2. | 146 | 92 | ’ | |
| 019 | 13 | DC3 | 147 | 93 | “ | |
| 020 | 14 | DC4 | 148 | 94 | ” | |
| 021 | 15 | NAK. | 149 | 95 | ||
| 022 | 16 | Syn. | 150 | 96 | – | |
| 023 | 17 | Etb. | 151 | 97 | — | |
| 024 | 18 | CAN | 152 | 98 | ||
| 025 | 19 | Em. | 153 | 99 | ™ | |
| 026 | 1A. | Sub. | 154 | 9A. | љ | |
| 027 | 1b. | ESC | 155 | 9b. | › | |
| 028 | 1C. | FS. | 156 | 9C. | њ | |
| 029 | 1d. | GS. | 157 | 9d. | ќ | |
| 030 | 1e. | RS. | 158 | 9e. | ћ | |
| 031 | 1f. | US. | 159 | 9f. | џ | |
| 032 | 20 | Sp. | 160 | A0. | ||
| 033 | 21 | ! | 161 | A1. | Ў | |
| 034 | 22 | " | 162 | A2. | ў | |
| 035 | 23 | # | 163 | A3. | Ћ | |
| 036 | 24 | $ | 164 | A4. | ¤ | |
| 037 | 25 | % | 165 | A5. | Ґ | |
| 038 | 26 | & | 166 | A6. | ¦ | |
| 039 | 27 | " | 167 | A7. | § | |
| 040 | 28 | ( | 168 | A8. | E. | |
| 041 | 29 | ) | 169 | A9. | © | |
| 042 | 2a. | * | 170 | AA. | Є | |
| 043 | 2b. | + | 171 | AB | « | |
| 044 | 2c. | , | 172 | AC | ¬ | |
| 045 | 2d. | - | 173 | AD | | |
| 046 | 2e. | . | 174 | AE | ® | |
| 047 | 2f. | / | 175 | AF | Ї | |
| 048 | 30 | 0 | 176 | B0. | ° | |
| 049 | 31 | 1 | 177 | B1. | ± | |
| 050 | 32 | 2 | 178 | B2. | І | |
| 051 | 33 | 3 | 179 | B3. | і | |
| 052 | 34 | 4 | 180 | B4. | ґ | |
| 053 | 35 | 5 | 181 | B5. | µ | |
| 054 | 36 | 6 | 182 | B6. | ¶ | |
| 055 | 37 | 7 | 183 | B7. | · | |
| 056 | 38 | 8 | 184 | B8. | e. | |
| 057 | 39 | 9 | 185 | B9. | № | |
| 058 | 3A | : | 186 | BA. | є | |
| 059 | 3b. | ; | 187 | BB. | » | |
| 060 | 3c. | < | 188 | BC. | ј | |
| 061 | 3D | = | 189 | BD. | Ѕ | |
| 062 | 3E. | > | 190 | BE. | ѕ | |
| 063 | 3F. | ? | 191 | Bf. | ї | |
| 064 | 40 | @ | 192 | C0. | BUT | |
| 065 | 41 | A. | 193 | C1. | B. | |
| 066 | 42 | B. | 194 | C2. | AT | |
| 067 | 43 | C. | 195 | C3. | G. | |
| 068 | 44 | D. | 196 | C4. | D. | |
| 069 | 45 | E. | 197 | C5. | E. | |
| 070 | 46 | F. | 198 | C6. | J. | |
| 071 | 47 | G. | 199 | C7 | Z. | |
| 072 | 48 | H. | 200 | C8. | AND | |
| 073 | 49 | I. | 201 | C9. | J. | |
| 074 | 4A. | J. | 202 | CA. | TO | |
| 075 | 4b. | K. | 203 | CB. | L. | |
| 076 | 4C. | L. | 204 | CC. | M. | |
| 077 | 4d. | M. | 205 | CD | N. | |
| 078 | 4E. | N. | 206 | CE | ABOUT | |
| 079 | 4f. | O. | 207 | CF. | P | |
| 080 | 50 | P. | 208 | D0. | R | |
| 081 | 51 | Q. | 209 | D1. | WITH | |
| 082 | 52 | R. | 210 | D2. | T. | |
| 083 | 53 | S. | 211 | D3. | W. | |
| 084 | 54 | T. | 212 | D4. | F. | |
| 085 | 55 | U. | 213 | D5. | H. | |
| 086 | 56 | V. | 214 | D6. | C. | |
| 087 | 57 | W. | 215 | D7 | C. | |
| 088 | 58 | X. | 216 | D8. | Sh | |
| 089 | 59 | Y. | 217 | D9 | Sh | |
| 090 | 5a | Z. | 218 | DA | Kommersant | |
| 091 | 5b. | [ | 219 | DB | S | |
| 092 | 5C. | \ | 220 | DC | B | |
| 093 | 5d. | ] | 221 | DD | E. | |
| 094 | 5e. | ^ | 222 | DE. | YU | |
| 095 | 5f. | _ | 223 | Df. | I | |
| 096 | 60 | ` | 224 | E0 | but | |
| 097 | 61 | a. | 225 | E1 | b. | |
| 098 | 62 | b. | 226 | E2. | in | |
| 099 | 63 | c. | 227 | E3. | g. | |
| 100 | 64 | d. | 228 | E4. | d. | |
| 101 | 65 | e. | 229 | E5 | e. | |
| 102 | 66 | f. | 230 | E6. | j. | |
| 103 | 67 | g. | 231 | E7. | z. | |
| 104 | 68 | h. | 232 | E8. | and | |
| 105 | 69 | i. | 233 | E9. | j. | |
| 106 | 6A | j. | 234 | EA. | to | |
| 107 | 6b. | k. | 235 | EB. | l. | |
| 108 | 6C. | l. | 236 | EC | m. | |
| 109 | 6d. | m. | 237 | ED | n. | |
| 110 | 6E. | n. | 238 | EE | about | |
| 111 | 6f. | o. | 239 | EF. | p | |
| 112 | 70 | p. | 240 | F0. | r | |
| 113 | 71 | q. | 241 | F1. | with | |
| 114 | 72 | r. | 242 | F2. | t. | |
| 115 | 73 | s. | 243 | F3. | w. | |
| 116 | 74 | t. | 244 | F4. | f. | |
| 117 | 75 | u. | 245 | F5 | h. | |
| 118 | 76 | v. | 246 | F6 | c. | |
| 119 | 77 | w. | 247 | F7. | c. | |
| 120 | 78 | x. | 248 | F8. | sh | |
| 121 | 79 | y. | 249 | F9. | sh | |
| 122 | 7A. | z. | 250 | FA. | kommersant | |
| 123 | 7b. | { | 251 | FB. | s | |
| 124 | 7c. | | | 252 | FC. | b | |
| 125 | 7d. | } | 253 | FD. | e. | |
| 126 | 7E. | ~ | 254 | FE. | yu | |
| 127 | 7f. | Del. | 255 | FF. | i |
Description of special (managing) characters
Initially control symbols of the ASCII table (range 00-31, plus 127) were developed to control hardware devices, such as teletype, data entry on punched and dr.
Control Symbols (except horizontal tabulation, row and return carriage) are not used in HTML documents.
| The code | Description |
|---|---|
| NUL, 00. | NULL, empty |
| SOH, 01. | Start of Heading, header start |
| STX, 02. | Start of Text, the beginning of the text |
| ETX, 03. | End of Text, end text |
| EOT, 04. | End of TRANSMISSION, end of the transfer |
| ENQ, 05. | Enquire. Please confirm |
| Ack, 06. | Acknowledgment. I confirm |
| Bel, 07. | Bell, bell |
| BS, 08. | Backspace, return to one character back |
| Tab, 09. | Tab, horizontal tabulation |
| LF, 0A. | Line Feed, Row Transfer Now in most programming languages \u200b\u200bis indicated as \\ n |
| VT, 0B. | Vertical Tab, Vertical tabulation |
| FF, 0C. | Form Feed, page run, new page |
| CR, 0D. | CARRIAGE RETURN, RETURN CARETS Now in most programming languages \u200b\u200bis indicated as \\ r |
| SO, 0E. | SHIFT OUT, change the color of the coloring ribbon in the printing device |
| Si, 0F. | SHIFT IN, Return the color of the coloring ribbon in the printing device back |
| DLE, 10. | Data Link Escape, switching channel to data transmission |
| DC1, 11. DC2, 12. DC3, 13. DC4, 14. | Device Control, Device Management Symbols |
| NAK, 15. | Negative Acknowledgment, do not confirm |
| SYN, 16. | Synchronization. Synchronization symbol |
| ETB, 17. | End of Text Block, End of Text Block |
| CAN, 18. | Cancel, canceled transmitted earlier |
| EM, 19. | End of Medium, end of the data carrier |
| SUB, 1A. | Substitute, substitute. It is placed on the site of the symbol, the value of which was lost or spoiled during transmission |
| ESC, 1B. | Escape control sequence |
| FS, 1C. | File Separator, File Separator |
| GS, 1D. | Group Separator, Group Separator |
| RS, 1e. | Record Separator, Record Separator |
| US, 1F. | Unit Separator, Unit Separator |
| Del, 7f. | Delete, erase the last symbol. |
As known, Windows 10. Supports the installation of language packets, with which you can change the localization of the interface of the operating system. The concept of systemic language is very closely connected with this. System language is not the one that has been added using language packageAnd the one that was selected when installing the system itself. If you work on a corporate computer, whose language has changed by means of installation Mui.
- Pakes, perhaps you want to know which language was used in the system initially.
There are several ways to determine the system language.
Consider them in order.
Using the DISM console utility
Run on behalf of the administrator the command line and run the DISM / Online / Get-Intl command in it. After a few seconds, get the result.
Pay attention to the parameter "Language user interface default" . Its value will be the system language.
Using the PowerShell console
Run the console on behalf of the administrator and execute the command :: Installeduiculture. .
The value of the parameter DisplayName. will indicate the system language. Pay attention to the parameter LCID, it contains a language code prescribed in windows registry (See below).
Using the registry editor and decoding table
Team regedit. Open the registry editor and expand the branch
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \\ SYSTEM \\ CURRENTCONTROLSET \\ CONTROL \\ NLS \\ Language
In the right column of the editor window, locate the string parameter (he is at the bottom) And look at its value.
It is represented by a four-digit code, to decrypt which to use the decoding table on the site. MSDN.. In our example code 0419 Complies with the Russian language.
One of possible problemswith which you can encounter after windows installations 10 - Crakozyabers instead of Russian letters in the program interface, as well as in the documents. More often, the improper mapping of Cyrillic is found in initially English-speaking and not completely licensed versions of the system, but there are exceptions.
In this instruction, how to fix "Crakozyabry" (or hieroglyphs), or rather - the display of Cyrillic in Windows 10 in several ways. It may also be useful: (for systems in English and other languages).
Code Pages are tables in which certain bytes are associated with certain characters, and the display of Cyrillic in the form of hieroglyphs in Windows 10 is usually associated with the fact that the default is not the code page and this can be corrected in several ways that can be useful when required Do not change the system language in parameters.
Using the registry editor
The first way is to use the registry editor. In my opinion, this is the most gentle method for the system, however, I recommend before starting. The Board about the recovery point applies to all subsequent ways in this manual.
Usually, it corrects the problem with the display of Russian letters. Variation of the method using the registry editor (but less preferred) - to look at the current value of the ACP parameter (usually 1252 for initially English systems), then in the same registry key to find the parameter named 1252 and change its value from c_1252.nls. on the c_1251.NLS..
By substitting a code page file on C_1251.NLS
The second, which is not recommended by me, but sometimes selectable those who believe that the edit of the registry is too difficult or dangerous: the substitution of the code page file in C: \\ Windows \\ System32 (It is assumed that you have installed the Western European Code Page - 1252, it is usually so. You can watch the current code page in the ACP parameter in the registry as described in the previous method).
After windows reboots 10 Cyrillic should be displayed not in the form of hieroglyphs, but as ordinary Russian letters.
Krakoyabry - What kind of word is such interesting? This word is usually Russian users call the wrong / incorrect display (encoding) of characters in the programs or the operating system itself.
Why does this happen? Unambiguous answer you will not find. This may be due to the tricks of our "favorite" viruses, maybe because of the workflow of Windows (for example, electricity disappeared and the computer turned off), maybe the program has created a conflict on the other or OS and everything "flew". In general, the reasons can be a lot, and the most interesting thing is "it itself has taken and broke."
We read an article and learn how to correct the problem with encoding in programs and Windows OS, since it happened.
Who still did not understand what I mean, here are a few:
By the way, I also got one day in this situation and still on the desktop lies a file that helped me cope with her. Therefore, I decided to write this article.
For displaying the encoding (font) in Windows, there are several "things" - this is the language, the registry and the files itself. Now we will check them separately and on points.
How to remove and fix krakoyarbras instead of Russian (Russian letters) in a program or Windows.
1. Check established language For programs that do not support Unicode. Maybe he got lost.
So, go along the way: Control Panel - Language and Regional Standards - Advanced Tab
There are a Russian language there.
In Windows XP, in addition, below there is a list of "code pages of conversion tables" and there is a line with a digit 20880. It is necessary there too Russian
6.
The last item in which I give you a file that helped me fix everything once and that is why I left it for memory. Here is the archive:
Inside two files: krakozbroff.cmd and krakozbroff.reg
The principle of them is the same - to fix by all methods of hieroglyphs, squares, questions or exclamation signs in the program and Windows OS (in common krakoyabry). I used the first and helped me.
Well, finally, a couple of tips:
1) if you work with the registry, do not forget to make a backup ( backup) In the case, if something goes wrong.
2) Preferably after each item check the 1st point.
That's all. Now you know how to correctly remove / fix krakozyabry (squares, hieroglyphs, exclamation and question marks) in a program or Windows.
In the early 90s, when the collapse of the USSR and the borders of Russia were opened, they began to receive software products Western production. Naturally, they were all English-speaking. At the same time, the Internet begins to develop. The problem of Russification of resources and programs has acutely faced. Then the Russian coding of Windows 1251 was invented. It allows you to correctly display the letters of Slavic alphabets:
- russian;
- ukrainian;
- belorussky;
- serbian;
- bulgarian;
- macedonian.
The development was carried out by the Russian representative office of Microsoft in conjunction with the companies "Dialog" and "Paragraph". Self-written developments were taken as the basis, which in 1990-91gg were going on among the few ideologues of IT in Russia.
To date, more developed universal way Encode characters - UTF-8 (Unicode). It presents almost 90% of all software and web resources. Windows 1251 is used in 1.6% of cases. (Web Technology Surveys Research Information)
Site encoding UTF 8 or Windows 1251?
To answer this question, it is necessary to understand a little what is the encoding and what they differ. Text informationAs however, any other, the computer is stored in the encoded form. It is easier for us to present it as numbers. Each symbol may occupy one or more bytes. Windows 1251 is a single-byte encoding, and UTF-8 eight-bit. This means that in Windows 1251 you can encode only 256 characters.
Since everything comes down to binary system calculus, and byte is 8 bits (0 and 1), then the maximum number of combinations is 28 \u003d 256. Unicode allows you to represent where more Symbols, and each can be allocated larger size.
From here and follow the benefits of Unicode:
- In the header of the site, specify the encoding that is used. Otherwise, instead of characters, "Krakoyablla" will be displayed. A unicode is standard for all browsers - they catch it "on the fly" as the default set.
- Symbols of the site will remain alone, no matter what country the resource is loaded in. It depends not on the geographical location of the servers, but from the language software Customer work stations. A resident of Portugal obviously uses the keyboard and all software, including operating system, in native language. In his computer, most likely there is no Windows 1251 at all. And if so, then the sites in Russian will not be able to open correctly. Unicode, in turn, "will be sewn" to any OS in any language.
- UTF-8 allows you to encode large quantity Symbols. On the this moment 6 bytes from 8-mi are used, and Russian characters are encoded with two bytes.
That is why it is preferable to use universal encoding, and not narrowly specialized, which is used only in Slavic countries.
Windows 1251 encoding table
For programmers and site developers, it is necessary to know the characters. This uses special encoding tables. Below is a table for Windows 1251.
What if you flew the command line encoding?
Sometimes you may encounter a situation where incomprehensible characters are displayed instead of Russian on the command line. This means that the problem of command encoding windows strings 7. Why 7? Because, starting from the 8th version, UTF-8 is used, and in the seven more windows 1251.
At the same time to help solve the problem CHCP 866 can be solved. The current session will work correctly. But to correct the error dramatically, the registry will need.
Excellent day!