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Server management via the web interface using Webmin in Ubuntu Server. Proper Webmin Ubuntu Server Installation and Webmin Setup on Ubuntu Server

There are a lot of WEB server management panels, both specialized for hosting and general purpose. Today I will do installing one of these panels - Webmin to the CentOS 7 server. In my opinion this is one of the most popular remote controlrs for the server through the browser.

Webmin is a WEB panel to administer the UNIX server. She is cross-platform, put on various UNIX distributions. I once described one of its applications in the article about on FreeBSD. With Webmin, you can perform almost all popular administrative actions on the server, such as:

  • Set up network connections
  • Add users
  • Mount partitions
  • Tune firewall
  • Turn off or restart the server
  • Update packages

and much more. There are modules for various software that can be managed via Webmin. For example, sambuing, or web server, MySQL server and multiple other packages. The list of modules is extensive, you can see on the official website list of third-party user modules, or in the panel itself after installing the list of official modules. Through Webmin, you can access the server console, download or download files from the server. Sometimes it happens conveniently.

I myself almost never use this panel, there is no need, you used to customize everything in the console. But I know people who are actively administered servers using Webmin. These were not very advanced admins in Linux, but nevertheless, this panel allowed them to normally manage the server without proper knowledge and skills.

I almost always use Webmin on email servers. It is convenient for me to analyze and look for something in huge mail logs using the log viewing module. Something simpler and convenient I did not come across. For example, you have a log per day per 100-300 megabytes, dozens of events are fixed every second. You have a letter ID. You can enter a letter ID to search string and see all the log lines in which it appears. It is very convenient. The usual search in such a situation is not to do. You can, of course, to gerinate the output of Cat, or something else to invent, but it is less convenient. Especially if you need to compare the values \u200b\u200bfrom different log files. You just open different logs in two browser windows and analyze.

We will proceed to install Webmin to the Sentos 7 streamlining server. The process is described on the official website in the corresponding section. There is nothing complicated. You need to add Webmin repository, and then install the package itself and dependencies.

Add repository:

# MCedit /etc/yum.Repos.d/webmin.Repo Name \u003d Webmin Distribution Neutral # BaseURL \u003d http: //download.webmin.com/download/yum mirrorlist \u003d http: //download.webmin.com/download/yum / mirrorlist enabled \u003d 1

Import GPG key:

# RPM --import http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc

Install Webmin:

# YUM Install -Y Webmin

After installation, it will automatically start. We can only add it to autoload:

# Chkconfig Webmin ON

We go to the Webmin webmine software link https://192.168.56.10:10000 , where 192.168.56.10 The IP address of the server. Be sure to specify the HTTPS protocol, without this, do not go. Enter login I. password root.. The main Webmin page opens:

I will not describe all the features, you can not blame the menu on the left and see what you can configure via Webmin. I pay attention to several important moments. It is the opinion that Webmin is not safe and a server can hack through it. I do not know how much these fears are justified, but just in case access to the server is better limited.

If you come from static addresses, limit access to only these addresses. Is done right there in the next setting IP Access Control. I recommend this setting. To open Webmin to the world personally, I would not be without much need.

If you want to see the panel with the Russian language, then there is no problem. It can be chosen in delay Language.. It is generally translated normally, everything is clear. But it is better, of course, get used to English, without it in system administration nowhere. But if you do not understand, you can use Russian. In the end, the Webmin is most useful for those who do not understand the servers, but you need to add something. After changing the language, it is necessary to force the brazer page for the entire interface to become Russian.

On this, everything, with the rest of the possibilities and settings you can independently understand, there is nothing difficult in webmine.

Online Linux course

If you have a desire to learn how to build and maintain highly accessible and reliable systems, I recommend to get acquainted with online course "Administrator Linux" in Otus. The course is not for beginners, for admission you need basic knowledge on networks and installation Linux on a virtual Training lasts 5 months, after which successful graduates of the course will be able to pass interviews from partners. What will give you this course:
  • Knowledge of Linux architecture.
  • Mastering modern methods and data analysis and data processing tools.
  • The ability to select the configuration for the necessary tasks, manage processes and ensure the security of the system.
  • Possession of the main working instruments of the system administrator.
  • Understanding the features of deployment, settings and maintenance of networks built on the basis of Linux.
  • The ability to quickly solve emerging problems and ensure a stable and uninterrupted system operation.
Check yourself on the introductory test and see more of the software program.

In this topic "Installing Webmin on Debian / Ubuntu / Linux Mint."I will tell you how to easily install the control panel in Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint. I will give 3 ways how it can be done. Webmin is a pretty normal solution for managing a Web hosting for both at home and for other customers. It is completely free compared to other panels.

To begin with, install everything you need for Webmin, install additional utilities and modules:

# Sudo Apt-Get Install Perl Libnet-SSLEY-PERL LIBAUTHEN-PAM-PERL

Method 1. Go to the official website and download the most last version For Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint. If it is satisfied, then I download my version (at the time of writing the article, it was the latest), for this, follow:

# CD / USR / Local / SRC # wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/webadmin/files/webmin/1.690/webmin_1.690_all.deb

After this Deb Package downloaded, you need to install it as follows:

# dpkg -i webmin_1.690_all.deb

The installation process will take no much time, I think that no more than 2-3 minutes.

Method 2.I will tell you how to easily install the webmine, for this you need to connect to the beginning of the repository:

# Sudo Vim /etc/APT/sources.list

Propash in File 2 lines, our repository

[...] # There may be other repositories, in this insert the lines anywhere DEB http://download.webmin.com/download/repository Sarge Contrib DEB http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk / Repository Sarge Contrib [...]

Then, import the desired keys to install, perform:

# CD / USR / Local / SRC / && Wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc # sudo apt-key add jcameron-key.asc

We update the list of available repositories to see the System All Changes:

# Sudo Apt-Get Update

And simply install Webmin:

# Sudo Apt-Get Install Webmin

Method 3. You can download the source code and compile it, but I do not see the point, since there are 2 ways, they should be enough with your head.

But if someone has a desire to play and put a webmin from the source code, then visit Off Website and download the archive, unpack it and collect it.

To run / Stop / restart Webmin Perform:

# sudo /etc/init.d/webmin start # sudo /etc/init.d/webmin stop # sudo /etc/init.d/webmin Restart

Let's start the server and then execute the command, it will create a password for the user (if someone suddenly forgot, save):

# sudo /usr/share/webmin/changepass.pl / etc / webmin root "enter_vash_pall_tut"

It must work if it does not work, then after this command, restart just webmine (as you created a password and may not be updated myself).

After you install one of the WEBMIN methods, go to the browser and register:
http: // name_your_domain: 10000

Often it is just a localhost. Webmin installation on Debian / Ubuntu / Linux Mint is completed and ready to use.

Webmin IS A Modern, Web control Panel. For any Linux Machine. IT ALLOWS You to Administer Your Server Through An Simple Interface. With Webmin, You Can Change Settings for Common Packages on the Fly.

In this Tutorial, You'll Install and Configure Webmin on Your Server and Secure Access to the Interface with a Valid Certificate using Let's Encrypt. You'll then Use Webmin to Add New User Accounts, And Update All Packages on Your Server from the Dashboard.

Prerequisites.

To Complete This Tutorial, You Will Need:

  • One Ubuntu 16.04 Server Set Up by Following, Including A Sudo Non-Root User and a Firewall.
  • Apache Installed by footlowing. WE'LL USE Apache to Perform Let's Encrypt's Domain Verification.
  • A FULLY-QUALIFIED DOMAIN NAME (FQDN), WITH A DNS A. Record Pointing to the IP Address of Your Server. To Configure This, Follow The Tutorial.

Step 1 - Installing Webmin

First, We Need To Add The Webmin Repository So That We Can Easily Install and Update Webmin using Our Package Manager. We do do this by adding the repository to the /etc/apt/sources.list File.

Open The File In Your Editor:

  • sudo Nano /etc/APT/sources.list.

Then Add This line to the new repository: TEN LINE TO THE NEW REPOSITORY:

/etc/apt/sources.list.

. . . dEB http://download.webmin.com/download/repository Sarge Contrib

Save the File And Exit The Editor.

Next, Add the Webmin PGP Key So That Your System Will Trust The New Repository:

  • wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc
  • sudo Apt-Key Add JCameron-Key.Asc

Next, Update The List of Packages to include the Webmin Repository:

  • sudo Apt-Get Update

THEN Install Webmin:

  • sudo Apt-Get Install Webmin

Once The Installation Finishes, You Be Present by the following: Following Output:

Webmin Install Complete. You can now login to https: // Your_server_ip: 10,000 as root with your root password, or as Any User Who Can Use` sudo`.

Please Copy Down This Information, As You Will Need It for the Next Step.

Note: If You Installed UFW During The Prerequisite Step, You Will Need to Run The Command Sudo Ufw Allow 10000 in Order to Allow Webmin Through the Firewall. For Extra Security, You may Want to Configure Your Firewall to Only Allow Access to this port from Certain IP Ranges.

Let's Secure Access to Webmin by Adding a Valid Certificate.

Step 2 - Adding A Valid Certificate With Let's Encrypt

Webmin Is Alady Configured to Use Https, But It Uses A Self-Signed, Untrusted Certificate. Let's Replace it WITH A VALID CERTIFICATE FROM LET'S ENCRYPT.

Navigate to https: // Your_domain: 10,000 In Your Web Browser, Replacing Your_Domain with the Domain Name You pointed at your You Server.

Note: WHEN LOGGING IN FOR THE FIRST TIME, YOU WILL SEE AN "INVALID SSL" ERROR. This Is Because The Server Has Generated A Self-Signed Certificate. ALLOW THE EXCEPTION TO CONTINU SO YOU CAN REPLACE THE SELF-SIGNED CERTIFICATE WITH ONE FROM LET'S ENCRYPT.

You'll be preceded with a login screen. Sign In With the Non-root User You Created While Fulfilling The Prerequisites for this Tutorial.

Once You Log In, The First Screen You Will See Is The Webmin Dashboard. Before You Can Apply A Valid Certificate, You Have to Set The Server's Hostname. Look for the System Hostname. Field and Lick On The Link To the Right, AS Shown in the Following Figure:

This Wil Take You To The HostName and DNS Client Page. Locate HostName. Field, And Enter Your Fully-Qualified Domain Name Into The Field. Then Press The. Save. Button At The Bottom of the Page to Apply theestting.

After You've Set Your Hostname, Click ON Webmin. On The Left Navigation Bar, And Then Click ON Webmin Configuration..

Then, Select. SSL Encryption From the List of Icons and Then Select The Let's Encrypt. Tab. You'll See A Screen Like The Following Figure:

Using This Screen, You'll Tell Webmin How to Obtain and Renew Your Certificate. Let's Encrypt Certificates Expire After 3 Monhs, But We Can Instruct Webmin to Renew Certically Attempt to Renew The Let's Encrypt Certificate Every Month. Let's Encrypt Looks for a verification File On Our Server, So We'll Configure Webmin to Place The Verification File Inside The Folder / Var / Www / Html, Which Is The Folder That The Apache Web Server You Configured in The Prerequisites Uses. Follow These Steps to Set Up Your Certificate:

  1. Fill In. HostNames for certificate. With your FQDN.
  2. For WebSite Root Directory for Validation File, SELECT THE Other Directory. Button and ENTER / VAR / WWW / HTML.
  3. For MONTHS BETWEEN AUTOMATIC RENEWAL Section, Deselect The Only Renew MANUALY. Option by typing 1 INTO THE INPUT BOX, AND SELECTING THE RADIO BUTTON TO THE LEFT OF THE INPUT BOX.
  4. Click The. Request Certificate. Button. After a Few Seconds, You Will See a Confirmation Screen.

To Use The New Certificate, Restart Webmin by Clicking The Back Arrow in Your Browser, And Clicking The Restart Webmin. Button. Wait Around 30 Seconds, And Then Reload The Page and Log In Again. Your Browser Should Now Indicate That The Certificate Is Valid.

Step 3 - Using Webmin

You've Now Set Up a Secure, Working Instance Of Webmin. Let's Look At How to Use IT.

Webmin Has Many Different Modules That Can Control Everything from the Bind DNS Server to Something As Simple As Adding Users to the System. Let's Look At How to Create A New User, And Then Explore How to Update The Operating System using Webmin.

Managing Users and Groups

Let's Explore How to Manage The Users and Groups on Your Server.

FIRST, CLICK THE System. Tab and Then Click The Users and Groups. Button. Then, From Here, You Can Either User, MANAGE A USER, OR ADD OR MANAGE A GROUP.

Let's Create A New User Called deploy. Which Would Be Used for Hosting Web Applications. To Add A User, Click CREATE A NEW UserWhich is Located AT The Top of the Users Table. This Displays The Create User. SCREEN, WHERE YOU CAN SUPPLY THE UPERNAME, PASSWORD, GROUPS AND OTHER OPTIONS. Follow These Instructions to Create The User:

  1. Fill In. UserName. WITH DEPLOY.
  2. SELECT Automatic. For User ID.
  3. Fill In. Real Name. With a Descriptive Name Like Deployment User.
  4. For Home Directory., SELECT Automatic..
  5. For Shell., SELECT / bin / bash From the Dropdown List.
  6. For Password., SELECT Normal Password. AND TYPE IN A PASSWORD OF YOUR CHOICE.
  7. For PRIMARY GROUP., SELECT NEW GROUP WITH SAME NAME ASER.
  8. For SECONDARY GROUP., SELECT sudo. From the ALL GROUPS. List and Press The -> Button to Add the Group to the in groups List.
  9. Press Create. To Create This New User.

When Creating A user, You can Set Options for Password Expiry, The User's Shell, Or Whether the Are Allowed a home Directory.

Next, Let's Look At How To Install Updates to Our System.

Updating Packages.

Webmin Lets You Update All Of Your Packages Through ITS User Interface. To Update All Of Your Packages, First, Go to the Dashboard. Link and then Locate The Package Updates. Field. If there's updates Available, You'll See A Link That States The Number of Available Updates, As Shown in The Following Figure:

Click This Link and then Press Update Selected Packages. TO START THE UPDATE. You may be asked to reboot the server, Which You Can Also Do Through the Webmin Interface.

Conclusion

You Now Have a Secure, Working Instance of Webmin and You've Used The Interface to Create A user and update packages. Webmin Gives You ACCESS TO MANY THINGS You'd Normally Need to Access Through The Console, and It Organizes Them in An Intuitive Way. For example, If You Have Apache Installed, You Would Find The Configuration Tab For It Under Servers., and then. Apache..

Explore The Interface, Or Read the Official Webmin Wiki To Learn More about Managing Your System with Webmin.

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Webmin is a modern web console for managing machines Linux. Webmin allows you to quickly change the settings of the main packages.

This manual will help install and configure Webmin on the Ubuntu server, protect the console using the LET'S Encrypt certificate, add a new one through Webmin account and update server packets.

Requirements

  • Ubuntu server 16.04.
  • Access to sudo.
  • Customized firewall (you can learn about it).
  • APACHE web server (installation instructions can be found).
  • FQDN and record A, indicating the server IP address.

1: Installing Webmin

Add Webmin repository with which you can install and further update the console. It must be added to the /etc/apt/sources.list file.

sudo Nano /etc/APT/sources.list.

Add a new repository to the end of the file:

. . .
DEB http://download.webmin.com/download/repository Sarge Contrib

Save and close the file.

Add a Webmin PGP key to know that a new repository can be trusted.

wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc
Sudo Apt-Key Add JCameron-Key.Asc

Update the package index to add Webmin repository to it.

sudo Apt-Get Update

Install Webmin:

sudo Apt-Get Install Webmin

After the installation is completed, you will see:

Webmin Install Complete. You can now login to

https: // Your_Server_IP: 10,000 AS ROOT WITH YUR
Root Password, Or As Any User Who Can Use` sudo`.

Copy this information, it will be needed in further work.

Note: If you configured the UFW firewall according to the requirements for this moment It blocks the Webmin port. To unlock it, use the command:

sudo UFW Allow 10000

To provide additional security, you can adjust access to this port only from certain IP address ranges.

2: Adding a trusted certificate LET'S Encrypt

Webmin already supports HTTPS, but so far the console uses a self-signed certificate. Replace it with a trusted certificate from the LET'S Encrypt service.

In the browser, open:

https: // Your_Domain: 10000

Instead of your_domain, specify your domain name.

Note: When you first go on this link, you will see an "Invalid SSL" error message. This is due to the fact that a self-signed certificate is used on the server. Add it to the exception list to continue.

The authentication screen appears. Open the user account with access to Sudo (not root).

After passing the authentication, you will see the Webmin control panel. Before adding a trusted certificate, you must specify the name of the server's host. Find the System HostName field and open the link specified in it.

This will open the HostName and DNS Client page. Find the HostName field and specify in it FQDN. Click Save.

Click Webmin in the left pane of the navigation, then click Webmin Configuration.

Select in the SSL Encryption list, and then open the LET'S Encrypt tab. You will see the Options for New SSL CERTIFICATE screen.

Using this Webmin page can receive and install a trusted certificate, and also timely update it. LET'S Encrypt certificates are valid for 3 months. Webmin supports automatic updating certificates; You can configure the console for the monthly update of the LET'S Encrypt certificate. The LET's Encrypt service is looking for a server check file, so the Webmin console must place such a file in the / var / www / html directory (this is the default spache web server root directory). To configure the certificate, follow these steps:

  • In the HostNames for Certificate field, specify your FQDN.
  • In the WebSite Root Directory for Validation File string, click the Other Directory button and specify / VAR / WWW / HTML.
  • In the Months Between Automatic Renewal Renewal, remove the allocation with ONLY RENEW MANUALLY and enter 1 in the input field. Then press the button on the left of the input field.
  • Click Request Certificate. Within a few seconds you will receive a confirmation screen.

To access a new certificate, restart Webmin. To do this, click the back arrow in the browser and the Restart Webmin button. Wait 30 seconds, refresh the page and log in to the control panel. Now the browser will report that the server uses a trusted certificate.

3: Using Webmin

Webmin offers many modules with which you can manage the server and perform almost any operations: from the configuration of the BIND DNS server before adding users to the system. Try creating a new user and update system packets using Webmin.

Management of users and groups

Open the SYSTEM tab and click the Users and Groups button. In the window that appears, you can manage users and groups of the system.

Create a new user (for example, deploy), with which you can deploy an application. Press CREATE A NEW USER at the top of the page. This will open the Create User screen; Specify the username, password, group and other user data.

  • In UserName, enter a name: Deploy.
  • Select Automatic in the User ID field.
  • In Real Name, specify the user description (for example, Deployment User).
  • In Home Directory, select Automatic.
  • In the SHELL drop-down list, select / BIN / BASH.
  • In the Password field, select Normal Password and enter the password.
  • In PRIMARY GROUP, select New Group with Same Name As User.
  • In the Secondary Group, select Sudo in the All Groups list. Then press the button → to add a group to the in Groups list.
  • Click Create.

As you can see, Webmin allows you to customize the user shell, support for home catalogs and much more.

Package update

Webmin can update all system packets. To do this, follow the Dashboard link and find the Package Updates field. If the console detects available updates, you will see the number of updates and link to them in this field.

Conclusion

Now you have a convenient console for managing a server protected by a trusted certificate. Intuitive Webmin interface provides many useful features and modules.

Check out the Webmin functions yourself. More useful information You can find B.

Usually the Linux server is set up using command line. However, there is another possible more convenient access using the Webmin service in Ubuntu Server. Best tool for control unix systems via the web interface.

Through Webmin, you can not only conveniently view logs, make edits to the configuration of installed services, but also to install packages, delete them, update the system, etc. Even get access to the terminal!

Webmin - is a ready-made web server with a whole bunch of scripts. All of the charms of use can be experienced after installation.

Installing Webmin.

First you need to add Webmin repositories to the /etc/apt/sources.list file

Sudo Nano /etc/APT/sources.list.

To the easiest file add two lines:

DEB http://download.webmin.com/download/repository Sarge Contrib DEB http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository Sarge Contrib

Save and close the file. Now import keys

Wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc Sudo Apt-Key Add jameron-key.asc

We update the list of package sources

Sudo Apt-Get Update

install Webmin.

Sudo Apt-Get Install Webmin

Launch Webmin.

After successfully installing the package, open the browser and go to the address

https: // IP Address Server: 10,000 /

instead IP Address Server"Enter either the IP address of the server or its name. If everything is done correctly, you will see the invitation to enter a login and password

Enter your username and password to the server, after which you will fall on main page Webmin.

The first thing we will do is change the language into Russian. To do this, go to the menu item " Webmin.” - “CHANGE LANGUAGE AND THEME"And set the encoding Russian (RU.UTF-8)

After applying the changes, you need to update the page. Excellent! Now you have a completely Russified Webmin


Little Review Webmin.

I will not describe all menu items, see and find a lot of interesting things for yourself. I focus on the most basic points.

In the "Webmin" section - presented tools to work with the Webmin module itself. Setting up users, access, backup, etc.

In the "System" section - presented tools for working with the main functionality of the server. In this section, you can find log logs, conduct operations with users and groups, update software, manage active processes, work with the task schedule (CRON) and much more.

In the "Services" section, links to work tools with installed services are presented, in my case the DHCP server, the DNS Bind server, the Squid proxy server. You can both configure the available settings files and manage new rules and service processes.

In the "Network" section, you can configure network interfaces, as well as configure Firewall

In the "Equipment" section, you can view the equipment connected to the server, as well as view the sections of the local disks.

The "Cluster" section will not describe. With clusters did not work.

Now and you can configure Webmin in Ubuntu Server and use it from anywhere in the globe.