Power electronics concept. Devices of power electronics, development, application, purpose Fundamentals of power electronics

Published Date: 12.10.2017

Do you know the basics of power electronics?

We can trace overwhelming progress in this matter towards the development of commercial thyristors or silicon rectifiers (SCRs) from General Electric Co.

Power electronics concept

Power electronics- one of the modern topics of electrical engineering, which has recently achieved great success and has influenced human life in almost all areas. We use ourselves so much power electronic applications in our Everyday life without even realizing it. Now the question arises: "What is power electronics?"

We can define power electronics as an item that is a hybrid of energy, analog electronics, semiconductor devices and control systems. We base the foundations of each subject and apply it in a combined form to obtain a regulated form of electrical energy. Electrical energy by itself is not applicable until it is converted into a tangible form of energy such as movement, light, sound, heat, etc. To regulate these forms of energy, effective way is the regulation of the electrical energy itself, and these forms the content of the subject power electronics.

We can trace overwhelming progress in this matter towards the development of commercial thyristors or silicon rectifiers (SCRs) from General Electric Co. in 1958. Prior to this, control over electrical energy was carried out mainly with the use of thyratrons and mercury arc rectifiers, which operate on the principle of physical phenomena in gases and vapors. After SCR, there have been many powerful electronic devices such as GTO, IGBT, SIT, MCT, TRIAC, DIAC, IEGT, IGCT and so on. These devices are rated for several hundred volts and amperes, as opposed to signal level devices that operate at several volts and amperes.

To accomplish the purpose of power electronics, the devices operate like nothing more than a switch. All power electronics act as a switch and have two modes, i.e. ON and OFF. For example, the BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor) has three areas of operation in the cut-off characteristics of the output characteristics, active and saturated. In analog electronics, where the BJT must act as an amplifier, the circuit is designed to bias it into the active region of operation. In power electronics, however, the BJT will operate in the cutoff region when it is off and in the saturation region when it is on. Now that the devices are to act as a switch, they must follow the basic characteristic of the switch, that is, when the switch is on, it has zero voltage drop across it and transfers full current through it, and when it is OFF, it has a full voltage drop across it. it and zero current flowing through it.

Now, since V or I is zero in both modes, the switch power is always zero as well. This characteristic is easily visualized in a mechanical switch, and the same must be observed in a power electronic switch. However, there is almost always a leakage current through the devices when it is in the OFF state, i.e. Ileakage ≠ 0, and there is always a voltage drop in the ON state, that is, Von ≠ 0. However, the value of Von or Ileakage is very small, and therefore the power through the device is also very small, in the order of a few millivolts. This power is dissipated in the device and therefore proper heat evacuation from the device is important. In addition to these state and OFF state losses, there are also switching losses in power electronic devices. This occurs mainly when the switch is switched from one mode to another, and V and I through the device change. In power electronics, both losses are important parameters any device and are required to determine its voltage and current ratings.

Only power electronics are not as useful in practical applications and therefore require chained design along with other supporting components. These support components are similar to the decision making part that controls the power electronic switches to achieve the desired result. This includes a firing circuit and a chain feedback... The block diagram below shows a simple power electronic system.

The control unit receives the output signals from the sensors and compares them with the references and accordingly introduces the input signal to the firing circuit. The firing circuit is basically a pulse generating circuit that provides a pulse output in such a way as to control the power electronic switches in the main circuit unit. The end result is that the load receives the required electrical power and therefore delivers the desired result. A typical example of the above system would be speed control of motors.

There are basically five types of power electronic circuits, each with a different purpose:

1. Rectifiers - Converts Fixed AC to AC DC
2. Choppers - Converts DC to AC DC
3. Inverters - convert DC to AC with variable amplitude and variable frequency
4. Voltage controllers alternating current- converts fixed alternating current to alternating current at the same input frequency
5. Cycloconverters - Converts Fixed AC to Variable Frequency AC

There is a common misconception regarding the term transformer. A converter is basically any circuit that converts electricity from one form to another. Therefore, all of the five listed are types of transducers.

Content:

• Foreword
• Introduction
• Chapter one. The main elements of power electronics
  • 1.1. Power semiconductor devices
    • 1.1.1. Power diodes
    • 1.1.2. Power transistors
    • 1.1.3. Thyristors
    • 1.1.4. Power semiconductor applications
  • 1.2. Transformers and reactors
  • 1.3. Capacitors
• Chapter two. Rectifiers
  • 2.1. General information
  • 2.2. Basic rectification circuits
    • 2.2.1. Single-phase full-wave midpoint circuit
    • 2.2.2. Single-phase bridge circuit
    • 2.2.3. Three-phase circuit with midpoint
    • 2.2.4. Three-phase bridge circuit
    • 2.2.5. Multi-bridge circuits
    • 2.2.6. Harmonic composition of rectified voltage and primary currents in rectification circuits
  • 2.3. Switching and operating modes of rectifiers
    • 2.3.1. Switching currents in rectification circuits
    • 2.3.2. External characteristics rectifiers
  • 2.4. Energy characteristics of rectifiers and ways to improve them
    • 2.4.1. Power factor and efficiency of rectifiers
    • 2.4.2. Improving the power factor of controlled rectifiers
  • 2.5. Features of the operation of rectifiers for a capacitive load and back-EMF
  • 2.6. Smoothing filters
  • 2.7. Rectifier operation from a source of comparable power
• Chapter three. Inverters and frequency converters
  • 3.1. Grid-Driven Inverters
    • 3.1.1. Single Phase Midpoint Inverter
    • 3.1.2. Three Phase Bridge Inverter
    • 3.1.3. Power balance in grid-driven inverter
    • 3.1.4. Main characteristics and modes of operation of grid-driven inverters
  • 3.2. Stand-alone inverters
    • 3.2.1. Current inverters
    • 3.2.2. Voltage inverters
    • 3.2.3. Thyristor voltage inverters
    • 3.2.4. Resonant inverters
  • 3.3. Frequency converters
    • 3.3.1. DC link frequency converters direct current
    • 3.3.2. Direct coupled frequency converters
  • 3.4. Regulation of the output voltage of autonomous inverters
    • 3.4.1. General principles regulation
    • 3.4.2. Control devices for current inverters
    • 3.4.3. Regulation of the output voltage by means of shi-i rbt-pulse modulation (PWM)
    • 3.4.4. Geometric stress addition
  • 3.5. Ways to improve the shape of the output voltage of inverters and frequency converters
    • 3.5.1. Influence of non-sinusoidal voltage on electricity consumers
    • 3.5.2. Inverter output filters
    • 3.5.3. Reduction of higher harmonics in the output voltage without the use of filters
• Chapter four. Regulators-stabilizers and static contactors
  • 4.1. Regulators-stabilizers of alternating voltage
  • 4.2. DC Regulators
    • 4.2.1. Parametric stabilizers
    • 4.2.2. Continuous stabilizers
    • 4.2.3. Switching regulators
    • 4.2.4. Development of the structures of impulse regulators
    • 4.2.5. Thyristor-capacitor DC regulators with metered transfer of energy to the load
    • 4.2.6. Combined converters-regulators
  • 4.3. Static contactors
    • 4.3.1. Thyristoric AC Contactors
    • 4.3.2. DC thyristor contactors
• Chapter five. Converter control systems
  • 5.1. General information
  • 5.2. Structural diagrams control systems of converting devices
    • 5.2.1. Rectifier and dependent inverter control systems
    • 5.2.2. Direct coupled control systems for frequency converters
    • 5.2.3. Stand-alone inverter control systems
    • 5.2.4. Control systems for regulators-stabilizers
  • 5.3. Microprocessor systems in converter technology
    • 5.3.1. Typical generalized microprocessor structures
    • 5.3.2. Examples of using microprocessor control systems
• Chapter six. Application of power electronic devices
  • 6.1. Areas of rational use
  • 6.2. General technical requirements
  • 6.3. Emergency protection
  • 6.4. Operational control and diagnostics of technical condition
  • 6.5. Providing parallel operation of converters
  • 6.6. Electromagnetic interference
• Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

In electronic engineering, power and information electronics are distinguished. Power electronics originally emerged as a field of technology associated primarily with the conversion of various types of electricity through the use of electronic devices. Further advances in semiconductor technology have significantly expanded functionality, power electronic devices and, accordingly, their areas of application.

Devices of modern power electronics make it possible to control the flow of electricity not only in order to convert it from one type to another, but also to distribute, organize high-speed protection of electrical circuits, compensate for reactive power, etc. the name of power electronics is power electronics. Information electronics are mainly used for control information processes... In particular, Information Electronics Devices are the basis of control and regulation systems for various objects, including power electronics devices.

However, despite the intensive expansion of the functions of power electronics devices and their areas of application, the main scientific and technical problems and tasks solved in the field of power electronics are associated with. conversion of electrical energy.

Electricity is used in various forms: in the form of alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz, in the form of direct current (over 20% of all generated electricity), as well as alternating current of increased frequency or currents of a special form (for example, pulsed, etc.). This difference is mainly due to the diversity and specificity of consumers, and in some cases (for example, in autonomous power supply systems) and primary sources of electricity.

The variety in the types of consumed and generated electricity necessitates its transformation. The main types of electricity conversion are:

• 1) rectification (conversion of alternating current to direct current);
• 2) inversion (conversion of direct current to alternating current);
• 3) frequency conversion (conversion of alternating current of one frequency into alternating current of another frequency).

There is also a number of other, less common types of conversion: current waveforms, number of phases, etc. In some cases, a combination of several types of conversion is used. In addition, electricity can be converted in order to improve the quality of its parameters, for example, to stabilize the voltage or frequency of alternating current.

Conversion of electricity can be done different ways... In particular, traditional for electrical engineering is the transformation by means of electrical machine units, consisting of an engine and a generator, united by a common shaft. However, this method of conversion has a number of disadvantages: the presence of moving parts, inertia, etc. Therefore, in parallel with the development of electrical conversion in electrical engineering, much attention was paid to the development of methods for static conversion of electricity. Most of these developments were based on the use of non-linear elements of electronic technology. The main elements of power electronics, which became the basis for creating static converters, were semiconductor devices. The conductivity of most semiconductor devices largely depends on the direction of the electric current: in the forward direction, their conductivity is high, in the opposite direction, it is small (i.e., a semiconductor device has two distinct states: open and closed). Semiconductor devices can be uncontrolled and controlled. In the latter, it is possible to control the moment of the onset of their high conductivity (switching on) by means of control pulses of low power. The first domestic works devoted to the study of semiconductor devices and their use for converting electricity were the works of Academicians V.F.Mitkevich, N.D. Papeleksi, and others.

In the 1930s, gas-discharge devices (mercury valves, thyratrons, gasotrons, etc.) were widespread in the USSR and abroad. Simultaneously with the development of gas-discharge devices, the theory of electricity conversion was developed. The main types of circuits were developed and extensive research was carried out on the electromagnetic processes occurring during the rectification and inversion of alternating current. At the same time, the first works on the analysis of autonomous inverter circuits appeared. An important role in the development of the theory of ion converters was played by the work of Soviet scientists I.L. Kaganov, M.A.Chernyshev, D.A.

A new stage in the development of converting technology began in the late 50s, when powerful semiconductor devices - diodes and thyristors - appeared. These silicon-based devices are inherently technical specifications are far superior to gas-discharge devices. They have small dimensions and weight, have a high efficiency, have high speed and increased reliability when operating in a wide temperature range.

The use of power semiconductor devices has significantly influenced the development of power electronics. They became the basis for the development of highly efficient converting devices of all types. In these developments, many fundamentally new circuitry and design solutions were adopted. The industrial development of power semiconductor devices for electricity has intensified research and development in this area and the creation of new technologies. Taking into account the specifics of power semiconductor devices, old ones were refined and new methods of circuit analysis were developed. The classes of schemes of autonomous inverters, frequency converters, DC regulators and many others have significantly expanded, and new types of power electronics devices have appeared - static contactors with natural and artificial switching, thyristor reactive power compensators, high-speed protection devices with voltage limiters, etc.

One of the main areas effective use power electronics became an electric drive. For the DC electric drive, thyristor units and complete devices have been developed, which are successfully used in metallurgy, machine tool building, transport and other industries. The mastery of thyristors has led to significant progress in the field of variable AC drive.

Highly efficient devices have been created that convert power-frequency current into variable-frequency alternating current to control the speed of electric motors. For various fields of technology, many types of frequency converters with stabilized output parameters have been developed. In particular, for induction heating of metal, high-frequency powerful thyristor units have been created, which give a large technical and economic effect due to an increase in their service life in comparison with electric machine units.

On the basis of the introduction of semiconductor converters, the reconstruction of electrical substations for mobile electric transport was carried out. The quality of some technological processes in the electrometallurgical and chemical industries through the introduction of rectifier units with deep regulation of the output voltage and current.

The advantages of semiconductor converters have determined their widespread use in uninterruptible power supply systems. The scope of application of power electronic devices in the field of consumer electronics(voltage regulators, etc.).

Since the beginning of the 80s, thanks to the intensive development of electronics, the creation of a new generation of "power electronics" products began. The basis for it was the development and industrial development of new types of power semiconductor devices: lockable thyristors, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, etc. the speed of semiconductor devices, the values ​​of the limiting parameters of diodes and thyristors, integrated and hybrid technologies for the manufacture of semiconductor devices have developed different types, began to widely introduce microprocessor technology for the control and monitoring of converting devices.

The use of a new element base made it possible to fundamentally improve such important technical and economic indicators as efficiency, specific values ​​of mass and volume, reliability, quality of output parameters, etc. The tendency to increase the frequency of power conversion was determined. At present, miniature secondary power supplies of low and medium power have been developed with intermediate conversion of electricity at frequencies of the supersonic range. The development of the high-frequency (over 1 MHz) range has led to the need to solve a set of scientific and technical problems for the design of converting devices and ensuring their electromagnetic compatibility as part of technical systems... The technical and economic effect obtained due to the transition to higher frequencies fully compensated for the costs of solving these problems. Therefore, at present, the trend of creating many types of converting devices with an intermediate high-frequency link continues.

It should be noted that the use of fully controllable high-speed semiconductor devices in traditional circuits significantly expands their capabilities in providing new operating modes and, consequently, new functional properties of power electronic products.

In this article, we'll talk about power electronics. What is power electronics, what is it based on, what are the advantages, and what are its prospects? Let us dwell on the components of power electronics, consider briefly what they are, how they differ from each other, and for what applications are these or those types of semiconductor switches convenient. Here are examples of power electronics devices used in everyday life, in production and in everyday life.

In recent years, power electronics devices have made a major technological breakthrough in energy conservation. Power semiconductors, due to their flexible controllability, allow efficient conversion of electrical energy. The weight and size indicators and efficiency achieved today have already brought the converting devices to a qualitatively new level.

Many industries use soft starters, speed controllers, power supplies uninterruptible power supply operating on a modern semiconductor base, and showing high efficiency. These are all power electronics.

Controlling the flow of electrical energy in power electronics is carried out using semiconductor switches, which replace mechanical switches, and which can be controlled according to the required algorithm in order to obtain the required average power and precise action of the working body of this or that equipment.

So, power electronics is used in transport, in the mining industry, in the field of communications, in many industries, and not a single powerful one household appliance does not do today without power electronic units included in its design.

The main building blocks of power electronics are precisely the semiconductor key components capable of different speed, up to megahertz, open and close the circuit. In the on state, the resistance of the key is units and fractions of an ohm, and in the off state - megaohms.

Key management does not require a lot of power, and the losses on the key arising during the switching process, with a well-designed driver, do not exceed one percent. For this reason, the efficiency of power electronics is high compared to the losing ground of iron transformers and mechanical switches such as conventional relays.

Power electronic devices are devices in which the effective current is greater than or equal to 10 amperes. In this case, the key semiconductor elements can be: bipolar transistors, field-effect transistors, IGBT transistors, thyristors, triacs, lockable thyristors, and lockable thyristors with integrated control.

Low control power allows you to create power microcircuits in which several blocks are combined at once: the key itself, the control circuit and the control circuit, these are the so-called intelligent circuits.

These electronic building blocks are used both in high-power industrial installations and in household electrical appliances. An induction oven for a couple of megawatts or a home steamer for a couple of kilowatts - both have semiconductor power switches that simply operate at different powers.

Thus, power thyristors operate in converters with a capacity of more than 1 MVA, in circuits of DC electric drives and high-voltage AC drives, are used in reactive power compensation installations, in induction melting installations.

Lockable thyristors are controlled more flexibly, they are used to control compressors, fans, pumps with a capacity of hundreds of KVA, and the potential switching power exceeds 3 MVA. allow the implementation of converters with a capacity of up to MVA units for various purposes, both for controlling motors and for ensuring uninterruptible power supply and switching high currents in many static installations.

MOSFETs have excellent controllability at frequencies of hundreds of kilohertz, which greatly expands their range of applicability compared to IGBTs.

Triacs are optimal for starting and controlling AC motors, they are capable of operating at frequencies up to 50 kHz, and for control they require less energy than IGBT transistors.

Today, IGBTs have a maximum switching voltage of 3500 volts, and potentially 7000 volts. These components can replace bipolar transistors in the coming years, and they will be used on equipment up to MVA units. For low-power converters, MOSFETs will remain more acceptable, and for more than 3 MVA - lockable thyristors.

According to analysts' forecasts, most of the power semiconductors in the future will have a modular design, when two to six key elements are located in one package. The use of modules allows you to reduce weight, reduce the size and cost of the equipment in which they will be used.

For IGBT transistors, the progress will be an increase in currents up to 2 kA at a voltage of up to 3.5 kV and an increase in operating frequencies up to 70 kHz with simplified control circuits. One module can contain not only keys and a rectifier, but also a driver and active protection circuits.

Transistors, diodes, thyristors produced in recent years have already significantly improved their parameters, such as current, voltage, speed, and progress does not stand still.

For a better conversion of alternating current into direct current, controlled rectifiers are used, which allow smoothly changing the rectified voltage in the range from zero to nominal.

Today, in the excitation systems of DC electric drives, thyristors are mainly used in synchronous motors. Dual thyristors - triacs, have only one gate electrode for two connected anti-parallel thyristors, which makes control even easier.

To carry out the reverse process, the conversion of direct voltage to alternating voltage is used. Independent inverters on semiconductor switches give the output frequency, shape and amplitude determined by electronic circuit rather than a network. Inverters are made on the basis of various types of key elements, but for high powers, more than 1 MVA, again, inverters on IGBT transistors come out on top.

Unlike thyristors, IGBTs provide the ability to more widely and more accurately shape the current and voltage at the output. Low-power car inverters use field-effect transistors in their work, which, with powers of up to 3 kW, do an excellent job of converting the direct current of a 12-volt battery, first into direct current, through a high-frequency pulse converter operating at a frequency from 50 kHz to hundreds of kilohertz, then - to alternating 50 or 60 Hz.

To convert a current of one frequency into a current of another frequency, they are used. Previously, this was done exclusively on the basis of thyristors, which did not have full controllability, it was necessary to design complex circuits forced locking of thyristors.

The use of switches such as field-effect MOSFETs and IGBT transistors facilitates the design and implementation of frequency converters, and it can be predicted that in the future, thyristors, especially in low-power devices, will be abandoned in favor of transistors.

For reversing electric drives, thyristors are still used; it is enough to have two sets of thyristor converters to provide two different directions of current without the need for switching. This is how modern non-contact reversing starters work.

We hope that our short article was useful for you, and now you know what power electronics is, what elements of power electronics are used in power electronic devices, and how great the potential of power electronics is for our future.

Name: Fundamentals of Power Electronics.

The principles of converting electrical energy: rectification, inversion, frequency conversion, etc. are described. The basic circuits of converting devices, methods of controlling them and regulating the main parameters are described, areas of rational use of various types of converters are shown.
For engineers and technicians for the design and operation of electrical systems containing converter devices, as well as those involved in the testing and maintenance of converter technology.

In electronic engineering, power and information electronics are distinguished. Power electronics originally emerged as a field of technology associated primarily with the conversion of various types of electricity through the use of electronic devices. In the future, advances in the field of semiconductor technologies made it possible to significantly expand the functionality of power electronic devices and, accordingly, their areas of application.
Devices of modern power electronics make it possible to control the flow of electricity not only in order to convert it from one type to another, but also to distribute, organize high-speed protection of electrical circuits, compensate for reactive power, etc. the name of power electronics is energy
electronics.
Information electronics is mainly used for information process control. In particular, information electronics devices are the basis for control and regulation systems for various objects, including power electronics devices.

Chapter one. The main elements of power electronics
1.1. Power semiconductor devices
1.1.1. Power diodes
1.1.2. Power transistors
1.1.3. Thyristors
1.1.4. Power semiconductor applications
1.2. Transformers and reactors
1.3. Capacitors
Chapter two. Rectifiers
2.1. General information
2.2. Basic rectification circuits
2.2.1. Single-phase full-wave midpoint circuit
2.2.2. Single-phase bridge circuit
2.2.3. Three-phase circuit with a midpoint
2.2.4. Three-phase bridge circuit
2.2.5. Multi-bridge circuits
2.2.6. Harmonic composition of rectified voltage and primary currents in rectification circuits
2.3. Switching and operating modes of rectifiers
2.3.1. Switching currents in rectification circuits
2.3.2. External characteristics of rectifiers
2.4. Energy characteristics of rectifiers and ways to improve them
2.4.1. Power factor and efficiency of rectifiers
2.4.2. Improving the power factor of controlled rectifiers
2.5. Features of the operation of rectifiers for a capacitive load and back-EMF
2.6. Smoothing filters
2.7. Rectifier operation from a source of comparable power
Chapter three. Inverters and frequency converters
3.1. Grid-Driven Inverters
3.1.1. Single Phase Midpoint Inverter
3.1.2. Three Phase Bridge Inverter
3.1.3. Power balance in grid-driven inverter
3.1.4. Main characteristics and modes of operation of grid-driven inverters
3.2. Stand-alone inverters
3.2.1. Current inverters
3.2.2. Voltage inverters
3.2.3. Thyristor voltage inverters
3.2.4. Resonant inverters
3.3. Frequency converters
3.3.1. DC link frequency converters
3.3.2. Direct coupled frequency converters
3.4. Regulation of the output voltage of autonomous inverters
3.4.1. General principles of regulation
3.4.2. Control devices for current inverters
3.4.3. Regulation of the output voltage by means of pulse width modulation (PWM)
3.4.4. Geometric stress addition
3.5. Ways to improve the shape of the output voltage of inverters and frequency converters
3.5.1. Influence of non-sinusoidal voltage on electricity consumers
3.5.2. Inverter output filters
3.5.3. Reduction of higher harmonics in the output voltage without the use of filters
Chapter four. Regulators-stabilizers and static contactors
4.1. Regulators-stabilizers of alternating voltage
4.2. DC Regulators
4.2.1. Parametric stabilizers
4.2.2. Continuous stabilizers
4.2.3. Switching regulators
4.2.4. Development of the structures of impulse regulators
4.2.5. Thyristor-capacitor DC regulators with metered transfer of energy to the load
4.2.6. Combined converters-regulators
4.3. Static contactors
4.3.1. Thyristoric AC Contactors
4.3.2. DC thyristor contactors
Chapter five. Converter control systems
5.1. General information
5.2. Block diagrams of control systems of converting devices
5.2.1. Rectifier and dependent inverter control systems
5.2.2. Direct coupled control systems for frequency converters
5.2.3. Stand-alone inverter control systems
5.2.4. Control systems for regulators-stabilizers
5.3. Microprocessor systems in converting technology
5.3.1. Typical generalized microprocessor structures
5.3.2. Examples of using microprocessor control systems
Chapter six. Application of power electronic devices
6.1. Areas of rational use
6.2. General technical requirements
6.3. Emergency protection
6.4. Operational control and diagnostics of technical condition
6.5. Providing parallel operation of converters
6.6. Electromagnetic interference
Bibliography

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Textbook. - Novosibirsk: Publishing house of NSTU, 1999.

Parts: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4

This textbook is intended (at two levels of depth of presentation of the material) for students of the faculties of FES, EMF, who are not "specialists" in power electronics, but who study courses of various names on the use of power electronics devices in electric power, electromechanical, electrical systems. The sections of the textbook, highlighted in chopped type, are intended (also at two levels of depth of presentation) for additional, deeper study of the course, which allows you to use it as tutorial for students of the specialty "Promelectronics" of the Russian Economic Forum, who are trained "as specialists" in power electronics. Thus, the proposed edition implements the “four in one” principle. The reviews of scientific and technical literature on the relevant sections of the course added to separate sections make it possible to recommend the manual as an information publication for undergraduates and postgraduates.

Foreword.
Scientific, technical and methodological foundations for the study of power electronics devices.
Methodology of a systems approach to the analysis of power electronics devices.
Energy indicators of the quality of energy conversion in valve converters.
Energy indicators of the quality of electromagnetic processes.
Energy indicators of the quality of using the elements of the device and the device as a whole.
Element base of valve converters.
Power semiconductor devices.
Incompletely controlled valves.
Fully controlled valves.
Lockable thyristors, transistors.
Transformers and reactors.
Capacitors.
Types of converters of electrical energy.
Methods for calculating energy indicators.
Mathematical models of valve converters.
Methods for calculating the energy performance of converters.
Integral method.
Spectral method.
Direct method.
Adu method.
Adu method.
Adu's method (1).
Methods Adum1, Adum2, Adum (1).
The theory of projection of alternating current into direct current with ideal parameters of the converter.
Rectifier as a system. Basic definitions and notation.
Mechanism for converting alternating current into rectified current in the base cell Dt / Ot.
Two-phase single-phase current rectifier (m1 = 1, m2 = 2, q = 1).
Single-phase bridge rectifier (m1 = m2 = 1, q = 2).
Three-phase current rectifier with trans winding connection diagram.
the triangle formator is a star with zero output (m1 = m2 = 3, q ​​= 1).
A three-phase current rectifier with a star-zigzag-zero transformer winding connection diagram (m1 = m2 = 3, q ​​= 1).
A six-phase three-phase current rectifier with the connection of the secondary windings of the star-reverse star transformer with an equalizing reactor (m1 = 3, m2 = 2 x 3, q ​​= 1).
Three-phase current rectifier in bridge circuit (m1 = m2 = 3, q ​​= 2).
Controlled rectifiers. The control characteristic is the theory of converting alternating current into direct current (with recuperation), taking into account the real parameters of the converter elements.
The switching process in a controlled rectifier with a real transformer. External characteristic.
Theory of the rectifier operation on the back emf at a finite value of the inductance Ld.
Intermittent current mode (? 2? / Qm2).
Limiting continuous current mode (? = 2? / Qm2).
Continuous current mode (? 2? / Qm2).
Rectifier operation with a capacitor smoothing filter.
Reversal of the direction of the flow of active power in a valve converter with a back EMF in the DC link - dependent inversion mode.
Dependent single-phase current inverter (m1 = 1, m2 = 2, q = 1).
Dependent three-phase current inverter (m1 = 3, m2 = 3, q ​​= 1).
General dependence of the primary current of the rectifier on the anode and rectified currents (Chernyshev's law).
Spectra of primary currents of rectifier transformers and dependent inverters.
Spectra of rectified and inverted voltages of the valve converter.
Optimization of the number of secondary phases of the rectifier transformer. Equivalent multiphase rectification circuits.
The influence of switching on the effective values ​​of the transformer currents and its typical power.
Efficiency and power factor of the valve converter in the rectification and dependent inversion mode.
Efficiency.
Power factor.
Rectifiers on fully controlled valves.
A rectifier with advanced phase control.
Rectifier with pulse-width control of rectified voltage.
Rectifier with forced shaping of the current drawn from the mains.
Reversible valve converter (reversible rectifier).
Electromagnetic compatibility of the valve converter with the mains supply.
A model example of the electrical design of a rectifier.
Rectifier circuit selection (structural synthesis stage).
Calculation of the parameters of the elements of the controlled rectifier circuit (stage of parametric synthesis).
Conclusion.
Literature.
Subject index.

see also

• djvu format
• size 1.39 MB
• added April 20, 2011

Novosibirsk: NSTU, 1999 .-- 204 p. This textbook is intended (at two levels of depth of presentation of the material) for students of the faculties of FES, EMF, who are not "specialists" in power electronics, but who study courses of various names on the use of power electronics devices in electric power, electromechanical, electrical systems. The sections of the textbook in boldface are intended (also at two levels of depth ...

Zinovev G.S. Fundamentals of Power Electronics. Part 1

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• size 1.22 MB
• added Oct 11, 2010

Novosibirsk: NSTU, 1999. This textbook is intended (at two levels of depth of presentation of the material) for students of the faculties of FES, EMF, who are not "specialists" in power electronics, but who study courses of various names on the use of power electronics devices in electric power, electromechanical, electrical systems ... The chapters of the textbook are intended (also at two levels of depth ...

Zinoviev G.S. Power Electronics Fundamentals (1/2)

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• added Jun 19, 2007

Textbook. - Novosibirsk: Publishing house of NSTU, Part one. 1999 .-- 199 p. This textbook is intended (at two levels of depth of presentation of the material) for students of the faculties of FES, EMF, who are not "specialists" in power electronics, but who study courses of various names on the use of power electronics devices in electric power, electromechanical, electrical systems. The chapters of the textbook are in boldface type intended ...

Zinoviev G.S. Fundamentals of Power Electronics. Volume 2,3,4

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• added Nov 18, 2009

Textbook. - Novosibirsk: Publishing house of NSTU, Parts two, three and four. 2000 .-- 197 p. The second part of the textbook, being a continuation of the first part, published in 1999, is devoted to the presentation of the basic circuits of converters of DC voltage to DC, DC to AC (autonomous inverters), AC voltage to AC voltage constant or adjustable frequency. The material is also structured according to the principle “...

Zinoviev G.S. Fundamentals of Power Electronics. Volume 5

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• added May 18, 2009

Textbook. - Novosibirsk: Publishing house of NSTU, Part five. 2000 .-- 197 p. The second part of the textbook, being a continuation of the first part, published in 1999, is devoted to the presentation of the basic circuits of converters from DC to DC, DC to AC (autonomous inverters), AC voltage to AC voltage of constant or adjustable frequency. The material is also structured according to the four-in-one principle by ...

Zinoviev G.S. Fundamentals of Power Electronics. Part 2

• djvu format
• size 3.62 MB
• added April 20, 2011

Novosibirsk: NSTU, 2000. This textbook is the second part of the three planned for the course "Fundamentals of Power Electronics". The first part of the textbook adjoins a methodological guide to laboratory work implemented with the help of the PARUS-PARAGRAPH department software package for simulating power electronics devices. The material in the second part of the textbook is supported by computerized laboratory courses.