Processes related to information flows. Abstract: Improvation of enterprise information flows

The base of the "Oasis" recreation is located on the seafront, in the center of the resort area, built in 2001, the territory of 3 hectares, guarded, the case is designed for 200 seats, operates all year round. Every year at the rooms are repaired.

The boarding house has a free car park, long-distance automatic telephones, individual cells for storing values \u200b\u200bare provided.

At the distance of a light pedestrian walk. Numerous resort shops, cinema, rides, casinos, discos, nightclubs, own equipped beach.

The recreation service bureau can enjoy the transfer, purchase a ticket or a concert, and also get all the necessary information about the city and rest.

The main activities are:

wellness family vacation;


business tourism;


specialized recreation tours;


rehabilitation and pre-season training of athletes;


Estimated hour - 8 am.


Economy rooms can be provided: Single, two, triple, with a TV and a refrigerator in each room, block-type numbers - the perfect option for a family of 4 people with adult children, also Lux numbers, one - or Two-room, with an individual air conditioning system and all possible amenities: comfortable functional furniture, TV with connection to satellite television, minibar, spacious bathroom.


To the services of holidaymakers:


equipped Beach Complex: Sunbeds, Cabins for dressing, Aeration, Shower cabins, Toilet, Beach bar, Water transport


tennis Court with Artificial Coating


volleyball Court;


basketball playground;


library;


free parking;


sauna;


barbershop;


conference room per 100 seats;


landscaped beach;


transfer organization;


cognitive excursions and trips.


The objectives of the Company are to extract the profit and the expansion of the market for service products.


The company has civil rights and carry civil duties, the necessary implementation of any activities that are not prohibited by the current legislation and its charter.


The highest authority of the Company is the general meeting of the Company's participants. The general meeting of participants may be regular or extraordinary.


The control body for the financial and economic activities of the Company is the Audit Commission.


The management of the current activities of the Company is carried out by the sole executive body of the Company. The executive body is the director accountable in its activities the general meeting of the participants of the Company. The sole executive body without a power of attorney acts on behalf of the Company, including represents his interests, makes a deal, approves states, publishes orders and gives instructions that are mandatory for all employees of society.


41 people work on the database:


director;


deputy Director for the Economic Part;


chief Accountant;


marketing Manager (Trade Manager);


accountant;


master Secretary;


nurse;


sister-mistress;


cultorganizer;


storekeeper;


four administrators;


three maids;


two cleaners;


laundress;


chef;


two chefs;


three waitresses;


three kitchens;


three dishwashers;


an electrician;


plumber;


a carpenter;


three driver;


gardener.


The organizational structure of the enterprise can be divided into 4 departments:


1) financial department;


2) maintenance department;


3) dining room;


4) Division of residential services for resting.


Each of the departments has its own structure and performs certain functions.


Below is the scheme of the management of the management of the boarding house.





As we can see the organizational and management structure of LLC "OASIS" recreation center refers to the linear functional management structure.


Mission LLC "OASIS" recreation center is a conquest of a certain share of the market of recreational services of the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory.


2. Information flows in the enterprise


Information exchange in the investigated enterprise as a whole can be represented as a scheme (Fig. 2).





Information acts as the basis of the management process. Through information, cyclically recurring stages of the process of obtaining obtaining, processing information about the status of a managed object and transferring control commands to it. Therefore, with the help of information, communication is implemented between the subject and the object or between the control and controlled parts. common system Control. Thus, all types of information necessary for management make up the information system.


A managerial in-law information system is a set of information processes to meet the needs of the organization in information from different management levels or centers, decisions are made.


Important tasks of the intra-profit information system are:


- determination of the main directions of the system for collecting, processing and storing primary data;


- determination of the main directions for the development of information processing technology;


- coordination of activities for the collection and processing of financial reporting data at the highest level of management and in production departments in order to improve the quality and timeliness of the receipt of financial information on the company.


The intrafirm information system performs the following functions:


- determination of the need for each particular manager in the nature and content of the information necessary for it;


- definition of needs for technical means of the company as a whole and of each manager to provide all the necessary information;


- determining the level of costs for the use of technical means in the information system;


- ensuring the proper level of collection, storage and provision of information;


- Development of software, applied programs.


With organization information support The distribution of information into direct, i.e., the command, emanating from the control system, and the reverse, reflecting the response of the managed object on the changes and implemented management solutions.


3. Document proceed in the enterprise


Document proof is a sequence of documents of the document, starting from the moment of their creation or receipt and ending with the end of their execution, sending to the addressee or deposit. The forces of the primary accounting documents and registers used, the information processing system and receptions of the document management organization approve the head of the enterprise.


The document management schedule is compiled in the form of a scheme, a list of works or the scheme of information flows, reflecting the movement of documents within the framework of the enterprise's structural divisions, indicating their performers, the relationship and the timing of work. For each enterprise, the schedule is developed taking into account its features, which contributes to the rational distribution of duties between employees, strengthen the control functions of accounting, the timeliness of reporting. Control over the compliance of document management is carried out by the chief accountant.


In tab. one
the list of documents "participates in the document flow of a particular enterprise.


In fig. 3 shows the scheme of information flow of the enterprise.


Features of document management at the enterprise:


- Registration logs and cards are being conducted to track the flow of documents: a journal of registration of contracts, entry acts "reception and transfer of fixed assets and intangible assets, a magazine of accounting for power of attorney, registration of profitable and expenditure orders and payment statements, registration of regulatory documents adopted for execution, other;


Table 1


Documents of the company


Document identifier	Title of the document
	Requirement-invoice
	Court order
	Overhead of vacation materials on the side
	Material report on the warehouse
	Recommendant invoice
	Patch
	Commodity Schedule Report
	Planned Calculation on Duty Products
	Calculation cost
	List of working equipment
	Removal of unexploded production
	Invoice
	Invoice
	Payment order
	Paying bank
	Tabel
	Book of orders
	Order
	Hospital lists
	Indicators on a premium
	Eneogoresource Consumption Report
	Journal Order No. 6
	Orders N11
	Report on payments
	Report on financial and business results




- The movement of documentary flows occurs predominantly vertically - from the head to performers and from the Contractor to managers; The functions of managers and performers are directly working with documents, and the functions of personnel engaged in the workshop in tracking their actions;


- Accounting documents due to their specificity are not subject to centralized registration, but are immediately transferred to the accounting department;


- the documents entering accounting are subject to verification in form and content, are systematized by the dates of operations, are issued by memorial orders (accumulative statements), the information contained in them can accumulate in accounting registers;


- Used software It is intended to ensure the reduction of paper document management and a reduction in routine operations for processing documents.


- There is a pronounced refusal to use paper information.


As an automation of document management and activities of the enterprise, the program "1 from Accounting" version 8.0 is used.


In 1C: Accounting 8.0 is stored full information About counterparties (contact information, bank accounts, registration codes) and employees of the organization (passport details, individual codes, position, salary size).


1C: Accounting 8.0 automatically forms various forms of accounting and tax reporting, which can be printed or saved to a file for transmission to the IFTS.


For operational analysis of the status of accounting in 1C: Accounting 8.0, various reports are provided: the operating statement, chess, account analysis, account card, and others. Each report is configured to obtain only the necessary information. For example, to see the receipt of all brands on the warehouse, in the operating statement on the account 41.01 "Goods in warehouses" you can set the selection by goods whose names contain the word "fan".


1C: Accounting 8.0 significantly simplifies the preparation of accounting and tax reporting. For example, to form an accounting balance point to specify the organization and the reporting period. All indicators program will fill itself! Prepared reports are stored in the program, which makes it easy to return to them in subsequent periods. Reporting indicators can be adjusted manually, the program will remember all changes made by you.


Formed in 1C: Accounting 8.0 Payment documents are easily unloaded into the "Client Bank" type program. Just simply download information received from the bank about incoming payments. Data exchange from 1C: Accounting 8.0 support about 700 credit institutions.


"1C: Accounting 8.0" - universal program Mass destination for automation of accounting and tax accounting, including the preparation of mandatory (regulated) reporting. This is a ready-made decision to keep in organizations engaged in any types of commercial activities: wholesale and retail trade, commission trade (including subcommission), provision of services, production, etc.


Accounting and tax accounting are implemented in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The configuration includes an accounting account plan, configured in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation "On approval of the accounting of accounting accounts of financial and economic activities of organizations and instructions for its use" of October 31, 2000 No. 94n.


The accounting methodology provides simultaneous registration of each record of the economic operation as in accounting accounts and on the necessary cuts of analytical accounting, quantitative and currency accounting. Users can independently manage the accounting methodology as part of the accounting policy setting, create new subaccounts and incisions of analytical accounting.


"1C: Accounting 8.0" provides solving all the tasks facing the company's accounting service, if the accounting service is fully responsible for accounting in the enterprise, including, for example, the statement of primary documents, accounting, etc. In addition, information about certain activities, trade and production operations can introduce employees of enterprise related services that are not accountants. In the latter case, the accounting service remains guidance and control over the settings of the information base, ensuring the automatic reflection of documents in accounting and tax accounting.


This applied solution can also be used only for accounting and tax accounting, and the tasks of automating other services, such as sales department, solve specialized configurations or other systems.


The subject area, automated "1C: Accounting 8.0", is illustrated by the following scheme.





Fig. 4. Application scheme 1C Accounting


"1C: Accounting 8.0" is a set of platform "1C: Enterprise 8.0" and the configuration of the "enterprise accounting". In "1C: Accounting 8.0" laid the possibility of sharing with applied solutions "Management of Trade" and "Salary and Personnel Management", also created on the 1C: Enterprise 8.0 platform.


4. Organizational and technical support


Office equipment is an integral part of the technical equipment of any office. Weak application of office equipment leads to a decrease in labor productivity and efficiency of management and technical personnel.


In a broad sense, anyone can be attributed to office technology. technical meansfacilitating work in the office, ranging from pencils and steps and ending with computers and their networks. In a narrow sense, only the technical means used in paper office work and administrative and administrative communications are appropriate in a narrow sense.


Office Organizational Technology (office equipment) - technical means used for mechanization and automation of managerial and engineering and technical works.


Office equipment for the office of the investigated enterprise include in their composition, devices and equipment: two personal computers, telephone and radiotelephone devices, mini-PBX, director switch, fax machine, copy machine, projection equipment, laminator, machine for destruction of documents, document stapler, cardinate equipment, racks and wardrobes for storing documents, two safes, trolley, etc.


Laminate - Machines for protecting documents from moisture, dust, oil and from negligent storage by applying a protective coating on the surface. The document is inserted into the car, where it is subjected to heat treatment, as a result of which the protective film is applied to the document, or a sticky transparent film is simply glued to the surface of the document. Lamination is advisable securities, ads, books and reports, menus and many other documents. The company uses a laminator Fujipla LPD 2315.office, 230 mm. (A4), Japan


As a brochure machine device for automatic folding and bonding brochures using metal clips, the DC MINI HF brochure machine is used to bond twice the blocks of the AEA format blocks, blocks up to 100 pages of A4A5 format. Performance up to 1,500 brochures per hour has an interface with a leafler; The MINI SR DC machine bonds selected blocks on the left above and can break through the side openings of the floor folder.


The machine for the destruction of secret and confidential documents by their smallest cutting and microscopulation is equipped with automatic drive and containers for destroying documents and waste in the form of paper dust. On the underlying enterprise used Schroeder HSM 100-5.8.personal load 225 mm, Secrecy 2, particle 3.9 / 5.8 mm.


Operations of copying and reproduction of documents (articles, ads, advertising prospectuses, etc.) are very common in business business and other areas of labor and social activities. For the purpose of copying and reproducing documents, special technical means are used. As a copy machine at the enterprise, a Copier Sharp AP 5316 A3 / A4 format, digital MFP, 16 kopecks / min is used.


At the enterprise in accounting and in the office of the director installed computers P4-631-3000 / 512DDR / 82.3 GB / 3.5 "/ AS P5V800-MX / 350W / 52X,which are connected to one network. Modems installed on computers ACORP 56.0K modem [Email Protected] (Fax, voice, V92).


A computer with a fax modem works much more reliable and resistant to telefax, provides many additional service services: significantly more convenient and effective automation Preparation of fax texts using the entire arsenal of computer tools, integration with e-mail, telex and computer database, the presence of a more voluminous electronic reference book containing the most diverse useful information, the delimitation of the right to access employees and external subscribers to fax, checking the passage of correspondence, detailed statistics Work with fax, etc.


In addition, in accounting and in the office of the Director installed laser printers printer HP Laser Jet 1018 600x1200 DPI, 12 ppm, 2MB, load 3000 p / m, Tray 150 l, which allow you to print various documents.


The company uses facsimile telephones Panasonic KX-FP 218(A4, white, on ordinary paper, copy scanner, answering machine, reception without paper).


As a telephone sets are used phone Panasonic 2350. Flash, Redial.


5. The main directions of improving document management at the enterprise


Automation of office work implies automation of the preparation of enterprise documents, registration and accounting of documents entering the organization, the passage of domestic documents, as well as control over their execution.


A good document management organization helps the timely passage of documents on the organization's units and uniform loading of units and officials, contributes to the effective management of the enterprise. Automation of office managers provides an increase in the amount of work performed, and a decrease in the time spent for this time.


The document management of the organization is represented by flows of documents of various categories, the scheme of which is developed by the head of the office work.


Automated documentary information processing technologies must meet the requirements of the Instructions for the Office of the Institution.


Modern systems for automation of office work activities and documentation management activities Enterprises support the full life cycle of the document.


Out from the outside the document must first be registered. After that, the document begins to move on the organization. He falls to officials who decide who, what and for what period should be done on this document.


Resolutions accumulate and detailed until the document enters the contractors. After completing work on the document, it is written off into the case. Further, the document is either transferred to archival storage, or is destroyed in accordance with the rules of archival storage adopted in the organization.


To speed up the preparation of frequently repetitive types of documents, use the bank of text blanks. It contains unified forms (forms) and texts of documents according to the state system of documentation management. They may also include recurring texts of documents, permanent parts in the text, posts, names and addresses of permanent authors and correspondents, legal text formulas that give documents legal force and legal nature, etc. A document prepared on the basis of such blanks with the necessary details is then sent to the address.


Entering the Organization, as well as outgoing documents
Tone mandatory registration (except for copies of documents entering and advertising-congratulatory notices). All documents of the organization are registered centrally. The exception is organizations that have geographically separable structural units or a very large annual workflow. To automate registration, a database and an information retrieval system is created, which allows you to trace all the documents of the institution and the location of their location in this moment time, execution state and monitoring the timing of the execution of documents.


The information search in the database of the organization's documents occurs with the help of details included in it on the relevant records of the props. The registration card is an electronic analogue of the traditional registration and control card. Registration cards, ordered in accordance with the rules of document management, make up the electronic equivalent of the card file.


The registration card is the main storage unit in the system database and start at the time of document registration. The establishment of the registration card is reduced to the filling of its details.


These details include:


incoming registration number and document date (date on
document registered documents). This number and date should be listed in the registration stamp of the document;


The number and date of the document entering the registration;


name of the type of document;


address of the recipient or sender (organization, official or private person);


the number of sheets and instances; the execution date of the document;


cipher performers (units entrusted


execution of the document);


the content of the document.


The details of the "cipher of performers" and the "document content" are affixed on the basis of the relevant classifiers.


During registration, documents are divided into several groups, each of which is registered separately, i.e. It has different regulations for the formation of a registration number and, as a rule, a different set of details. Typically, the system automation systems are supported by three basic groups: - incoming;


outgoing (and internal);


• letters and appeal to citizens.
  

  Some systems allow each group of documents to arbitrary subgroups, uniting documents on a common thematic basis, signs of units or a sign of correspondence. Each of the subgroups, in turn, can be broken into smaller subgroups and so on. The division into subgroups is determined by the rules of document management in the organization, and their composition and the rules for the formation of registration numbers are kept in the system directory of groups of documents.
  

  Registration and accounting of internal documents are defined by the instructions for the organization's office work.
  

  As appropriate, the relevant documents can be derived from the operational information base and stored in the archive bank of documents. Only acts that are regulatory nature remain.
  

  In general, modern systems for automation of office work activities in one way or another provide:
  

  Registration of all incoming correspondence (including
  

  letters and appeals of citizens); V registration of all outgoing correspondence and internal
  

  documents of the organization;
  

  entering resolution, execution reports, coordination (visiting) of documents;
  

  writing off documents in accordance with the business adopted in the organization;
  

  monitoring the timely execution of orders, conversion of citizens, organizations, as well as resolutions and guidelines; verification of the correctness and timeliness of the execution of documents;
  

  search for documents and receiving statistical reports on document management.
  

  We are offered at the enterprise to organize work with documents to use the Office Effect program. According to the specialists of the Ga Rount-International, which have developed this system, the introduction of a single corporate standard for working with documents will achieve several goals:
  

  Increase the efficiency of the office - a unified internal workflow of the organization will reduce the time to perform the tasks;
  

  Strengthen the level of control over the work of the personnel - the head will be informed, as and what tasks, its staff decide, what are the deadlines for the completion of the decision I am a form of submission of the results of the decision; ABOUT Reduce the costs of servicing the computer park and minimize the costs of the archive content. In the introduction of the system, the enterprise structure model is first built, including all employees participating in document flow, and the list of all possible types of documents, their parameters and statuses is entered. The following documents are introduced and there are all possible connection with specific employees of the enterprise, passing through which documents can change statuses and timelines. As a result, all employees work in a single information space. The system allows you to work with a wide range of applications. The embedded server "Effect of Mail" simplifies the process of sending / receiving an email.
  Innovative activity in the enterprise management system Analysis of the enterprise management system of the enterprise

  2014-02-06

Information flows are a set of messages that objectively reflect the development of economic processes, which are transmitted through communication channels for the implementation of management. Threads can be straight (from the control subsystem to the managed subsystem) and inverse (from the control subsystem to the control subsystem).

The value of the information is determined by the complex probabilistic indicator in time P (T) as a function of probabilities of the timely receipt of information p with, its completeness p and reliability p:

Thus, it is necessary to achieve timely receipt of useful information in sufficient amount. This will provide a quick and effective decision making.

A dilemma associated with decision-making is traditionally associated with two limitations.

On the one hand, the rapidly collected information in an insufficient volume will lead to a decision of a distance from rational, up to an erroneous one.

On the other hand, too long collecting information can lead to a decrease in the relevance of the decision itself (up to the full loss of relevance).

The key value is the usefulness (relevance) of information flows separated by key features presented in Fig. 22.1.

Fig. 22.1. Classification of information flows

Increasing amounts of information flows play a controversial role. On the one hand, the more information, the greater the possibility of finding a useful part of it to make a decision. On the other hand, according to statistical studies, a two-time increase in the amount of information (i.e. an increase of 100%) is accompanied by an increase in its useful part of no more than 20%. This means that 80% for more information Does not be useful. In these conditions, the search for effective allocation algorithms from the overall flow of information useful part is plays great importance for the adoption of rational management solutions.

Production Enterprise If we consider it from a managerial point of view from two subsystems of the managing and manageable or subject and the control facility related to the transmission channels. The control object can be consecrated as a system that transforms resources at the entrance of which commodities comes with raw materials, workforce, etc., and the yield is produced by production. Information links of the production system with an external environment can be submitted to two input and one output channel.

On one of the input information channels, information is received from external structures, which determine the conditions of the enterprise, taking into account plans of production and economic activities, as well as resource-use regulations. The combination of these information determines conditions and affects the technology of achieving the objectives of the organization.

The second information entry represents the perturbing effects coming from the external environment. An example of disturbing factors is violations of the deadlines for the supply of raw materials and materials, a decrease in their quality, a change in product sales conditions, violation of contractual obligations, enterprises by adjustments, etc. In addition to these factors of perturbations, which comes from external environment, such perturbing effects may occur within the most Production systems. For example, equipment breakdowns, random violations of technological regimes, the disease of the employees of the enterprise, etc.

The information output of the production system is a channel for transmitting information to external organizations, for example, a union or ministry, which includes this enterprise or tax authorities, etc. In any management system, the subject and the management object is related information channelsThrough which managing impacts and information about the status of the control object are transmitted.

The enterprise management body in the classic three-level version consists of three layers. Inside and outside of these layers circulate information flows. From top to bottom - control exposure, bottom-up information, horizontally - exchange information between internal objects of one level, as well as between internal and external objects.

The control mechanism itself includes management personnel, computer networks, Financial, information and other resources. The problem of production management is reduced to rational management of resource flows (material, energy, financial, information, etc.).

Chapter 2. Management of information flows of industrial enterprises based on document management optimization

2.1. Information flows of the enterprise: Structure and features of construction

In general, the information field of the enterprise can be divided into its own and external. Own The information field combines information that is emerging within the enterprise. Such information should be attributed to 1:

Accounting data and other mandatory reporting for the current and past periods;

Primary documents of accounting, trade and operational accounting;

Orders and orders of the head and managers of all units (written and oral);

Data internal document management (paper and electronic);

The results of their own analysis of financial and economic activities;

Other data (for example, the results of the survey of employees of the enterprise).

It is important to note that the quality of its own information field of the enterprise mainly depends on the position of the enterprise itself (first of all, management). A clear organizational management structure, a rational distribution of functional duties among staff, reliable and convenient accounting on the basis of modern automated systems, a well-thought-out scheme of document management contribute to the improvement and development of the information field, which, in turn, leads to improving the quality of managerial decisions. On the contrary, disregard for collecting, processing and analyzing internal information is fraught with severe problems when managing business processes in the enterprise. Nevertheless, optimization of the internal information field of the enterprise's task is quite simple with respect to the external field.

The fact is that your own field is formed at the expense of internal sources of information that can be easily checked for completeness and accuracy. In the case of an external field, this is not guaranteed. The number of varieties of external information and its sources is very much, so we restrict ourselves to the list of main:

Laws, decrees, orders and other regulatory documents of the federal level;

Regulatory acts of the industry, regional and local level (often contradictory);

Comments on the above regulatory acts (press, other media, databases, Internet);

Data on the state of the industry (media, Internet, the results of registered research);

Data on the state of the global economy (media, databases, Internet);

Information from customers (feedback);

Conclusions of consultants and experts, the results of external (custom) marketing research and audits.

Briefly list the main problems arising when creating an external information field.

Partial information. In some cases, the source gives not all information, but some part of it. At the same time, it is not clear where and how to find the missing information.

Unreliability of information. Part of the information (especially in some media and the Internet) seems to be dubious, and in some cases and false. However, other sources may not be, and then you have to either take into account such information or to give up it.

Contribuability of information. Some sources contradict others, and it is impossible to definitely determine a reliable source.

Information redundancy. The information is too detailed, and a considerable effort is needed to highlight the part of the business.

The heterogeneity of the information. Information from different sources comes in a different form (on paper, orally, by e-mail, in the form of graphs and tables, in the form of Internet files of different encoding, etc.). It is rather difficult to organize the unification of such information for further storage and processing on a single technology.

As can be seen even from this short list of problems, the formation and maintenance of the enterprise information field in good condition is a very difficult task. Nevertheless, it is necessary to solve it, since the price of a serious management error is immeasurably higher.

It will cope with the external and internal flow of information so that the manager can make effective decisions and successfully conduct the company's affairs - this is the purpose of the information management system (IUE).

In most cases, information management systems of companies are most often used enough to be used only as a means of automating certain processes, for collecting and processing a variety of information and solving other local tasks, suspiciously intersecting with the overall line of development of the company.

A fundamentally new comprehensive concept of creating a corporate information system (KIS) Unlike most of the existing IUs should be focused on solving the company's strategic objectives, including a reduction in cost-beneficial parts of the budget and product costs, improving the efficiency of management and ensuring its investment attractiveness. , UK-reposition of existing sales markets and mastering new activities. Thus, it can be said that this corporate system is the platform based on a new, advanced business model of a business company is a profitable and high-profitable business, and the company has access to a new level of competitiveness.

It is proposed to consider distinguishing features of IUS and KIS (Figure 2.1.).

Thus, information management systems most often sufficiently used only as a means of automating certain processes, for collecting and processing a variety of information and solving other local tasks, sufficiently gluing intersecting with the overall line of development of the company.

Unlike the IUS, among the components of the KIS, which ensures the company's effective activity as a whole, is a single management system of the company, automated control systems for techno-logical processes, network and telecommunication complexes of the telemetry information transmission system, SI-Systems of life support, Internet and Intranet solutions.

The corporate information system is strictly as a single complex of software and technical and organizational solutions covering all production, technological, financial and economic processes and combine all enterprise units into a single information space.

The circle of specific tasks solved as a result of creating a co-temporal information system includes:

Association into a single information space of the majority of territorially remote from each other objects and divisions of the company;

High-speed transmission over communication channels of any types of information flows;

Support activities of all divisions and objects of the enterprise;

Automation of all technological and business processes of the company, operational control and management of pro-production processes, transportation and sales, mutual settlements with consivers and suppliers, personnel management, etc.;

Powerful means of processing and analyzing the obtained in-formation, the calculation of the planned and actual cost of pro-duke;

Ensuring the required level of security and protection information resources Enterprises.

Figure 2.1. - The process of transformation of the information management system of the enterprise to the corporate information system

The main result of the implementation of the corporate information system should be the creation of an effective and efficient management mechanism, covering business processes - financial and production, technological, marketing, sales, etc. As a result, the Corporation extends to a qualitatively new level of management and planning of its activities.

It increases yield at the expense:

Establishing payment discipline and clear control over the calculations, receivables and payables and fellows on them;

Effective management of all types of resources and creating a flexible system of their strategic and operational planning.

Cost reduction occurs due to:

Optimization of accounting and tax policies, the introduction of an even mechanism for calculating and paying taxes;

The possibilities of operational redistribution of material flows.

At the same time, investment attractiveness increases through the use of generally accepted world standards of accounting and complete "transparency" of financial and economic flows for investors and creditors, as well as the quality and efficiency of the RA-bots of each enterprise unit. The latter is due to:

Creating a single information space for technologic and business systems, creating single base Knowledge of the enterprise;

Introduction of intracorporate standards and use of a single information processing technology at all levels of management;

The introduction of electronic document management systems, which will be able to rationally organize internal and external in-formation flows;

Organizations of clear personal control over the execution of orders, orders.

The formation of a single information field of the company is based on obtaining information from different sources. Therefore, to ensure its effective use, a number of principles that guarantee the result of information support should be taken into account. When organizing in-formational support, it is necessary to proceed from a number of OS-new provisions (principles).

The principle of interaction. Under it is understood as the main guidelines that mediate the goal, the content and forms of business cooperation in the enterprise.

The principle of legality. Under it is understood by the ubiquitous, unconditional and accurate fulfillment of all officials and divisions of the current legislation.

The principle of parity (equality) of the parties and the division of their competence.

Principle of confidentiality. The value and confidentiality of the majority of information used in inforing interaction, implies the need for non-smoking of state, service and commercial secrets, other information protected by law, ensuring completeness and up-to-coverage of data.

The principle of compensation. The question of compensation is ogov-rich in separate contracts or in relevant normative acts.

The principle of information compatibility. Without implementation information technologies An effective interaction between units is impossible. When processing huge MAS-Sivov, a variety of information, technical means performing this task must "understand" each other, which is achieved through the general principles of information compatibility. This principle should be based on the development of all complex information systems associated with the need for their interaction.

The corporate information system for managing a medium or large company must be inherent in the following signs:

High functionality;

Modular architecture;

High performance;

High flexibility in accordance with the requirements of the customer;

Flexible configuration of the workplace;

Centralized delimitation of powers of users;

Full compliance with regulatory and legislative acts;

Orientation on affordable technical and software environments.

The functional structure of the information system of the company is presented in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2. - the internal structure of the information system of the industrial enterprise

As part of the "Operational Accounting" subsystem, the following functions are implemented:

a) Sales: conducting contracts for the supply of products; Forming orders for shipment of products; transmission of data in a condo of financial accounting; establishing a connection with customs decrees (GTD); print orders and insurance receipts; Fortification of product shipments; maintaining a "credit line" of the client;

b) warehouses of raw materials and materials: registration of receipt and race documents; Registration of invoices for internal re-enforcement; registration of commercial overhead; accounting for low-value and high-free objects; data formation for the settlement sectors with suppliers and contractors, the formation of reporting on the movement of the TMC;

c) Railway transportation accounting system: Accounting for personal accounts; Accounting for Iron Doro-Gi Services; monitoring expected tests and cash in the way; Formation of reporting documentation and others.

In the Financial Management subsystem, the following types of work are being implemented:

a) debtors / lenders: calculations with debtors for shipped products; conducting mutual operations; carrying out bill operations; accounting of export contracts; analysis of de-bitors and payables;

b) banking operations: registration of bank documents; Accounting balances on accounts; Operations for the sale / coupling currency;

c) planning and financial analysis: compilation of the company's consolidated budget and control of its execution; Detailed analysis of the financial condition of the company; monetary accounting in the company's revenue;

d) Accounting: automatic formation of a provo-dock in the main book on the basis of primary documents, flexible on-construction plan of accounting accounts, the formation of all accounting postings in the system, the formation of an accounting balance.

The following functions are implemented in the Production Subsystem:

a) Calculation of the planned cost of products Flexible configuration of the production program, the calculation of the need for semi-finished products, the formation of a consolidated and deployed calculation, calculation of commercial cost, analysis of cost-effectiveness, comparative analysis of the cost,

b) the calculation and analysis of production costs, the form-mating and analysis of the production cost of products under cost articles, the cost analysis of 1 ruble of commodity pro-duktion, a comparative analysis of the planned and actual allegation;

c) Warehouse of finished products, accounting for the receipt of products to the warehouse, accounting of the consumption of finished products, formation of reports on the movement of finished products.

In the "Fixed Tools" subsystem, functions are implemented:

(a) Accounting for fixed assets, preparation of documentation on the mortgage, disposal and movement of fixed assets, the calculation of depreciation deductions; Accounting for the movement of fixed assets, the formation of the age structure of equipment, etc.;

b) Implementation and other disposal of fixed assets, preparation of invoices, accounting of revenue from the implementation of fixed assets, reporting.

The "System Administrator" subsystem is implemented:

a) access control is a flexible setting of powers of user in the subsystem, the organization of user groups, restricting access to the data of individual divisions;

b) data integrity; system of specialized pro-gram tools aimed at maintaining the logical and physical integrity of these system; operational monitoring of user action; Static control of active users;

c) error monitoring system errors; con-trol occurrence, analysis of the cause; saving the context of the developer errors;

d) printed reporting management;

e) system parameters configuration: setting up on "Vla-Delta system"; Setup to the specifics of accounting and organization of economic activity, setting up system system parameters; Setting data placement.

Internal management of information flows of the enterprise is based on the concept of document management.

The success of management activities is largely assessed by how quickly and qualitatively the processing of all necessary documentation, the movement of which is carried out by certain routes from the placement or receipt to the organization to be sent to interested organizations or deposit in archive. This movement of documents is named document flow 1. It must be organized in such a way so that there are no delays and clusters of documents in the workplace. For this purpose, in organizations it is necessary to develop the routes of documents and establish the specific timing of their stay from each performer, to monitor their passage on all workplaces. The procedure for the movement of documents can be represented as follows (Figure 2.3).

Figure 2.3. - scheme of movement of documents at the enterprise

The correct organization of work with the documents depends on how clearly the functions and duties between employees of the enterprise are discharged. The exact knowledge of their duties increases the responsibility of each employee and eliminates the duplication of operations when working with documents.

In accordance with the purpose of creating documents are divided into:

Dispensers (order, indication);

Organizational (position, charter, instruction, protocol);

Information and reference (referral, reporting explanatory note, act, service letter, telegram, telephone message, faxogram, travel rack accounting);

Personal (autobiography, statement, power of attorney).

Three groups of documents can be distinguished in the management documentation:

Internal (created in the organization and not overlooking it) - administrative, reference and information documentation;

Incoming (entering the organization). These include documents of higher governing bodies (decisions, decisions, orders, instructions, guidance and methodological letters), documents of other organizations (letters, decisions, acts), the appeal of citizens, etc.;

Outgoing (sent to other organizations) - letters, scheduled reporting documentation.

Documents are distributed to the Organization in accordance with FUN-KZTSI units and performers. These functions are enshrined in the provisions on the structural units and in official instructions of the performers.

Processing incoming documents.

Incoming documents (i.e., the entire correspondence entered into orientation by mail, telegraph, fax or any other way) must pass forwarding processing. An expedition employee primarily checks the correctness of the delivery of correspondence, its preservation (the absence of damage to the packaging, the completeness of the materials sent, etc.). All envelopes are opened, except personal correspondence. Envelopes are destroyed, with the exception of cases when the envelope contains the "confidential" or "urgent", as well as if the sender's address, the dates of sending and receipts are affected by only on the envelope. Expeditionary processing of documents should be implemented on the day of their receipt to the organization.

Then incoming documents are sorted by registered and non-registered. Not all incoming documents are subject to registration. The organization itself determines the list of unregistered documents. As a rule, congratulatory letters, catalogs, printed publications (brochures, magazines), meetings, etc.

On registered documents, the registration stamp is affixed, containing the name of the organization, the date of arrival of the document, its number.

Incoming documents are pre-treated in the can-cellar, where they are distributed to flows:

Leaders of the organization - for compulsory considering;

Structural divisions - for execution. Documents that are performed by several divisions are multiplied and transmitted simultaneously to all performers.

The head of the organization, having considered the document, determines the Islemaker, gives it clear and specific instructions and establishes the real deadlines. These guidelines are drawn up in the form of a cut-lucion on the document itself. Information about the performer and the execution date of the document are recorded by the secretary referential to the registration magazine and serve as a basis for taking a document to control.

The document with the manager's resolution is transferred to the Contractor and is in his work until the final decision of the issue. COG-yes work on the document is completed, on the document is the mark of its execution and direction in the case. After that, the document, together with a copy of the answer, is transferred to the Secretary-Refer-Rent for the binder.

Processing outgoing documents.

Outgoing are the documents sent from the organization. Their processing includes the following steps:

Drawing up draft document by the Contractor;

Coordination of the draft document;

Verification of the designation of the draft document;

Signing the document by the head;

Document registration;

Sending a document to the addressee;

Stitching of the second instance (copies) of the document in the case.

The draft document is drawn up by the Contractor and is agreed with interested officials or structural sub-divisions. Before the transmission of the prepared document on the signature, the Contractor must check the content of the document and attachment to it, the correctness of the document, the presence of the necessary details. Outgoing documents are issued in two copies, with the exception of faxes and telephones, which are in one instance.

The prepared draft document is submitted to the signature to the head of the organization. After signing by the head of two copies, the document is registered in the log of proceedings of proceedings.

Expeditionary processing of outgoing documents includes Sorrow, packaging, design postal shipment And for delivery in the division of communication.

Internal documents - These are documents that are prepared, are issued and executed within the institution itself. Their under-cooking and design are carried out in accordance with the general practitioners of the design of outgoing documents and include the following steps.

Improvement of information flows in the management system

1.2. Communication process ................................................ .......................

1.3. Information support management and its composition. Information flows ................................................ .................................................. .............. fourteen

2. Meeting aspects of research of information flows ........................................... .................................................. ............... eighteen

2.1. Methods of research of information support ........................... 18

2.2. Graphic and matrix methods for researching information ............... 21

2.3. Application of CASE technologies for the design of the information system .......................................... .................................................. ............................... 29.

3. Improving information flows in the management system of OJSC "Electroagregat" ........................................ .............. 37.

3.1. Diagnostic analysis of information links between enterprise functional units .......................................... ..............................

3.2. Building a graphic and matrix model of documenuts ........

3.3. Justification of directions for improving information flows 43

Conclusion ............................................................... .................................................. 44.

List of references used .............................................. 45

Applications ................................................. .................................................. 46.

Introduction

1 Enterprise Management: System Presentation

1.1 Composition of the Management Subsystem

An analysis of the management organization is a comprehensive interconnected process of studying the structure and content of the management cycle, organizing managerial labor, information, technical and mathematical support, composition of organs and management costs. Analysis is the first stage and the starting point for the development of any event improvement. It allows you to fully characterize elements, structural units and control system levels, assess their condition and justify directions for further development. Depending on the goals and tasks, the analysis can cover different parts of the control system, have a different degree of detail and end with the preparation of various materials, but the methodological basis and initial analysis positions remain uniform.

The analysis consists of three interrelated stages of work:

Collecting information on the state of management organization, individual elements, processes and objects in the studied and similar industries;

Descriptions of the analyzed process or object using a system of indicators and establishing a connection between them;

Processing the formed system of indicators by various methods and techniques in order to solve the tasks.

Performing the first stage of analysis is a information and forming work. The second stage is related to the selection of the system of indicators characterizing the study of the management organization under study; Development of methods for measuring and describing their relationships. The third stage of work is carried out in different ways depending on the characteristics of the object being analyzed and the task assigned to the analysis with a different degree of use of high-quality and quantitative methods.

The management process can be considered in the statics, i.e., as frozen at some time, and in dynamics (taking into account movement and development).

An analysis of the management organization may have a full (comprehensive) nature or study some part of the system (thematic analysis); may be global , affecting all the main levels and control links, or lAN , touching one level or level.

In full, the sequence of the system analysis process includes 9 stages:

I. Formulation of the problem.

II. Studying the study (building a "typical" tree of targets).

III. Drawing up the model of the control object.

IV. Prediction of the future state of the management object; risk assessment"

V. Diagnosing system and formation of alternatives to the development of a managed system.

Vi. Selection alternatives.

VII. Implementation of the program of events.

VIII. Development of information logic control system.

IX. Design and implementation of an automated information system for controlling procedures.

The implementation of the first seven stages of the process makes it possible to make a decision at the top level of management, regardless of whether an automated enterprise management system (ASUP) operates at the enterprise. The implementation of the last two stages allows you to automate the collection and processing of information for the adoption of standard solutions by middle managers.

I. Formulation of the problem. Before the start of the study, the target task is formulated. If managers have no experience in solving the task or it fails to solve traditional methods, the task is translated into the rank of problems (problematic question).

II. Studying the study (building a "typical" tree of targets). To solve the formulated problem facing the system, a comprehensive study of many issues in contact with the problem is necessary. But each question, in turn, is related to a particular element of the system. So on this stage in very general The combination of factors that can allegedly influence the problematic question. Moreover, one group of factors will be relevant to the external environment, the other - to the competence of the managers of the enterprise under study. As a result, it is necessary to clearly determine the range of issues that should be included in the study.

III. Drawing up the model of the control object. The prognostic model can be viewed as a different derivative of the method used in the forecast. To predict the state of economic objects at the enterprise level, the models created by methods of mathematical statistics are quite reliable: trends, piecewise linear dependencies, final differences, production functions (including regression), and expert assessments. With their compilation, reporting and statistical data on the work of the enterprise, the results of questionnaire surveys, reference indicators of related enterprises are used.

IV. Prediction of the future state of the management object; risk assessment". The models developed at the third stage are used in the forecasts of the most important economic indicators of the enterprise. Most often at the enterprise level, predicted estimates obtained by trends, regressions and production functions of the power species are used. It is desirable that the prediction interval exceeds one third of the interval provided by the reporting data. In the forecast, you can also expect qualitative changes in the factors included in the model. An important part of the forecast calculations is to define the likelihood of their execution (or "risk of ocked").

V. Diagnosing system and formation of alternatives to the development of a managed system (identification of areas of improving production activities and ways to implement). Diagnosing the states of the managed system - the responsible stage of the system analysis of the problem. The diagnosis allows you to identify the nature of the dependences between the system parameters and clarify the factors of achieving goals, assess the overall amount of reserves in different fields of activity of the enterprise. During the diagnosis open " narrow places"In the system of management and production, the" Organizational and Technical Level "system is characterized. For the diagnosis, in addition to reporting and statistical data, the results of direct interviews with managers of different levels and ordinary functionaries and workers, the results of the survey are also used. In some cases, it is advisable to attract statistical information on Related enterprises. To clarify the factors of achieving the goals and assessment of the organizational and technical level, formalized (statistical) methods and methods of expert assessments are attracted. Approaches are known when factors are specified by selection in the directions of management activities "areas of key results".

In the case when the enterprise already functions the ACU and work is underway further development (See the steps of VIII and IX system analysis), at the diagnosis stage, the methods of making managers (managers) of decisions are also studied.

Vi. Selection alternatives. From the set of measures formed in the diagnosis process, mathematical or graphical methods are selected by those that satisfy external and internal restrictions on the resources and selection criteria for the optimal alternative.

VII. Implementation of the program of events. For the rational organization of work at the implementation stage, it is necessary:

Edition of the order of the management of the enterprise on the preparation of the Development Program;

Formation of integrated brigades to perform sections of the program;

Drawing up a network schedule for the implementation of the program;

Organization of the Coordination Group;

Attracting to solve the most difficult issues of research (consulting) organizations;

Inclusion in the coordination group of one of the enterprise specialists,

Executed great responsibility (this person will perform the functions of the "organizer" and "analyst" and ensure the representativeness of the recommendations generated by the brigades).

If the enterprise has not yet implemented the ASUP, the program includes design work on automating management tasks. In cases where ASUP is already functioning, the development program may contain measures to modernize the automated information system, which will increase the quality and number of information about managed objects.

VIII. Development of information logic control system. At this stage, information procedures are defined by which the values \u200b\u200bof the indicators characterizing the state of factors are calculated. First of all, the ASUP includes all the tasks in which the values \u200b\u200bof indicators characterizing the factors of the lower level of the target tree are calculated. All tasks (procedural calculations) are linked (if possible) to the graph; Thus, the latter becomes a multi-level information base of the target tree.

IX. Design and implementation automated system to the control system. The design sequence of ASUP procedures should be such that procedures located on upper levels The information logic scheme has been implemented more accelerated, since with their help information used by procedures at lower levels will be formed. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the informational relationship of selected priorities with others; The appearance of this factor is due to the fact that in the design of an automated information system or its improvement, not only labor intensity and time consumption takes place computing workBut the need to integrate conditionally permanent arrays. The fact is that some uncomplicated (and maybe even economically unprofitable) tasks still need to be solved on a computer, since their results are necessary for other calculations.

The overwhelming majority of information for the design of the ASUP procedures is formed on the V and VIII stages of system analysis.

Thus, the quality and speed of designing new ASUP procedures will depend on the quality of the diagnosis, thereby speeds up the process of adapting the control system to the changing conditions of the enterprise.

1.2 Communication process

It often happens that the transmitted message turns out to be incorrectly understood and, consequently, the exchange of information is ineffective. John Maiser, an outstanding researcher in the field of management, indicates that, as a rule, only 50% of information exchange attempts leads to mutual consent of communicating. Most often, the reason for so low efficiency is to forget the fact that communication - this exchange.

In the course of exchange, both parties play an active role. The exchange of information occurs only if one side "offers" information, and the other perceives it. So that it is so, you should pay close attention to the communication process.

Communication process - This is the exchange of information between two or more people.

The main purpose of the communication process is to ensure an understanding of information that is the subject of exchange, i.e. messages. However, the fact of exchange information itself does not guarantee the effectiveness of communication participating in the exchange of people. To better understand the process of the exchange of information and the conditions for its effectiveness, the following stages of the process should be highlighted in which two or more of people.

In the process of sharing information, you can select four basic elements.

1. Sender, The person generating ideas or collecting information and transmitting it.

2. Message, Actually information encoded with symbols.

3. Channel, Information transfer tool.

4. Recipient, The person who is intended for information and which interprets it.

When exchanging information, the sender and recipient pass several interconnected stages. Their task is to make a message and use the channel for its transfer in such a way that both sides understand and divide the original idea. It is difficult, for each stage is at the same time a point in which the meaning can be distorted or completely lost. These interrelated stages are as follows:

1. The origin of the idea.

2. Coding and channel selection.

3. Transfer.

These steps are illustrated in appendix 2. In the form of a simple model of the Communication Process.

Although the entire communication process is often completed in a few seconds, which makes it difficult to allocate its stages, it is necessary to analyze these steps to show which problems may occur at different points.

The origin of the idea. The exchange of information begins with the formulation of the idea or selection of information. The sender decides what a significant idea or message should be made by the subject of exchange. Unfortunately, many attempts to exchange information are broken at this first stage, since the sender does not spend enough time to think about the idea.

It is important to remember that the idea has not yet been transformed into words or did not acquire another such form in which it will serve the exchange of information. The sender decided only, what kind of concept he wants to make the subject of information sharing. To exchange effectively, it must take a set of factors.

Coding and selection of the channel. Before passing the idea, the sender should coding it using characters by using for this word, intonation and gestures (body language). Such coding turns the idea of \u200b\u200bthe message.

The sender must also select a channel compatible with the character type used for coding. Some well-known channels include speech and written materials, as well as electronic communications, including computer networks, email, video tapes and video conferencing. If the channel is unsuitable for the physical embodiment of characters, the transmission is not possible. The picture is sometimes worthy of thousands of words, but not when transmitting messages by phone. Similarly, a simultaneous conversation with all employees immediately. You can send memorable notes that predict the meetings of small groups to ensure an understanding of the message and encouragement to the problem.

If the channel is not too complied with the idea of \u200b\u200bthe origination in the first stage, the exchange of information will be less effective. For example, the head wants to warn the subordinate of the disappearance of the safety measures taken by the last serious violations, and does it during a light conversation for a cup of coffee or, sent a note on the occasion. However, on these channels, it is likely possible to transfer the idea of \u200b\u200bseriousness of violations as efficiently as an official letter or at a meeting. Similarly, the direction of the subordinate note on the exclusiveness of its achievement will not transmit the idea of \u200b\u200bhow important the contribution to work is, and will not be effective as a direct conversation with the subsequent official letter with the expression of gratitude, as well as award.

The message should not be limited to the only channel. It is often desirable to use two or greater number of communications in combination. The process is complicated because the sender has to establish a sequence of using these funds and to determine the time intervals in the information transfer sequence. However, studies show that the simultaneous use of interchange tools and written information is usually more efficient than, let's say, only the exchange of written information.

Broadcast. At the third stage, the sender uses a channel to deliver a message (encoded idea or a set of ideas) to the recipient. This is about physical transmission Messages that many people mistakenly accept the Communications process for themselves. At the same time, as we have seen, the transfer is only one of the most important steps through which you need to go through to convey the idea to another person.

Decoding. After sending the message by the sender, the recipient decodes it. Decoding - This is the translation of the sender's symbols in the thought of the recipient. If the characters selected by the sender are of exactly the same value for the recipient, the latter will know what the sender had meant when his idea was formulated. If the reaction to the idea is not required, the process of exchanging information should be completed.

However, for a number of reasons, the recipient may give a slightly different than in the head of the sender, the meaning of the message. From the point of view of the head, the exchange of information should be considered effective if the recipient has demonstrated an understanding of the idea, making actions that the sender was expected from him.

Before talking about various obstacles to the exchange of information, it is necessary to reveal two important concepts - feedback and interference.

Feedback. If there are feedback, the sender and the recipient change communicative roles. The initial recipient becomes the sender and passes through all the stages of the information exchange process to transfer its response to the initial sender, which now plays the role of the recipient.

Feedback can contribute to a significant increase in the efficiency of exchange of management information. According to a number of studies, bilateral exchange of information (with features for feedback) compared with one-sided (there is no feedback), although it takes slower, nevertheless, more effectively removes stresses, more accurate and improves confidence in the correctness of the interpretation of messages.

Noise. Feedback noticeably increases the chances of an effective exchange of information, allowing both parties to suppress noise. In the language of the theory of information transfer, noise is called what distorts meaning. Sources of noise that can create obstacles on the exchange of information vary from language (in verbal or non-verbal design) to differences in perception, due to which the meaning may change in the encoding and decoding processes, and to differences in the organizational status between the head and subordinate which may make accurate information transmission.

Defined noises are always present, so at each stage of the process of information exchange occurs some distortion of meaning. Usually we try to overcome the noise and transfer our message. However, the high level of noise will definitely lead to a noticeable loss of meaning and can fully block an attempt to establish an information exchange. From the position of the head, it should determine the decline in the degree of achievement of goals in accordance with the transmitted information. IN appendix 1. The information exchange process is represented as a feedback and noise system.

1.3 Management information support and its composition. Information flows

The most important feature of the management process is its information nature. The organization of the implementation of the decisions made is carried out through the system of impact methods on employees using information on the progress of the implementation of decisions (feedback). The more accurately, the information is at the disposal of the management system, the more fully it reflects the actual state and interconnection in the control object, the reasonable goals and real measures aimed at achieving them.

Since the manager in his work relies on information about the state of the object and creates as a result of its activities a new command information in order to translate the managed object from the actual state in the desired one the information is conventionally considered the subject and product of managerial labor.

Information as an element of control and the subject of management work should provide a qualitative idea of \u200b\u200bthe tasks and status of manageable and managing systems and ensure the development of ideal models of their desired state.

In this way, information Support - This is part of the management system, which is a set of data on the actual and possible state of production elements and external conditions for the operation of the production process and the logic of changes and the transformation of production elements.

Allocate two levels of information support features:

- elemental , i.e., the set of data, characteristics, signs;

- systemic , i.e. reproducing the relationships and dependencies between classification groups of information implemented in the form of information models.

With the elemental characteristic of the information, the composition of the information, form and types of carriers are studied, their nomenclature.

Basic information quality requirements:

Timeliness;

Accuracy (with a certain probability);

Adequacy;

Reliability (with a certain degree of risk);

Completeness of the information system (quality and resource intensity of goods, conditions in the stages of the life cycle of goods of the company and competitors, etc.);

Targeting;

Legal correctness of information;

Multipleness of use;

High rate of collection, processing and transmission;

The possibility of coding;

The relevance of information.

When the information flow is characteristic, the motion of information flows, their intensity and stability, information conversion algorithms, and the document flow circuit corresponding to these objective conditions are investigated.

Solutions are the ideal description of the desired state of the object and the methods of achieving this state. They are a product of limited use, since they are directed to a specific object in clearly described conditions. The quality of solutions as a finished product is manifested indirectly, in the activities of the object to which this decision is directed.

When creating information support, focus on averaged, aligned need for information of managers and specialists [see pr. 7]. A special place here is about the management of management, which reflects the progressive techniques and methods of organizing management.

In the process of organizing information, it is fundamental importance to dismembering it on conditional permanent fulfilling the role of regulatory and variable . Both of these types of information based on the analysis of classification links are organized in interrelated blocks (models), which can be describing, i.e., characterizing the process in statics or dynamics, components reflecting a specific model situation.

The process of forming information support includes several stages:

Description of the state of the object, i.e. physical photography. This assumes a set of technical and economic indicators and parameters characterizing the control and managed system, with the corresponding classification of these indicators;

Modeling classification links in information arrays with excretion of causal dependencies, i.e., the formation of private static models;

Reflection in information models The dynamics of individual elements and processes, i.e., the rationale for the trends of quantitative and qualitative changes in production. In this case, the quantitative change implies the correction of information, and the qualitative change is its partial or complete restructuring;

Integrated information model of the production process, reflecting the relationship and dynamics of local processes and all production.

The procedure for formation determines the approach to the analysis of the composition of information. The organization of information largely predetermines the procedure for its storage, registration, updates, transmission and use. A clear organization of data banks makes it possible to more fully substantiate the direction of movement, the intensity of flows, the patterns of its conversion, the methods of requests and receiving.

Thus, the information support system is a set of data on the objectives, condition, the directions of development of the object and the surrounding medium, organized in interrelated flow threads. This system includes methods for obtaining, storing, searching, processing data and issuing them to the user.

2 Methodical aspects of the study of information flows

2.1 Information Research Methods

The implementation of the requirements for analyzing the management organization, largely depends on the quality and amount of information about the state of the analyzed object. Information must be necessary and sufficient, objectively characterize the management organization using quantitatively specific characteristics.

The main sources of obtaining information about the current management organization and the trends of its development are currently the following.

First source - reporting data and current year. This source makes it possible to identify the number and composition of employees engaged in the management apparatus, the amount of management costs, the cost of organizational and computing technology.

Second origin - study of policy documentation (orders, orders, protocols of meetings, materials on verification of execution, reports of individual divisions, etc.) .

Third source - special surveys. This source is currently the main one.

Currently, the data are important. about the workload of material and real elements of the control system. The object of observation in this case is a separate object - a computing machine, a multiple installation, any document.

An important source of data on the organization of management is conducting special surveys employees of the management apparatus or the team of the corresponding unit of the managed object.

These information sources do not exclude each other. They must be combined, complementary and enriching the material obtained by different methods.

Currently, several information support techniques are successfully used. They differ in the accepted characteristics of the number of information (symbols, records, grafins, documents, etc.), methods and analysis tools. The most designed methods can be considered the following methods.

1) The method of matrix modeling of data development processes, tested on machine-building enterprises.

2) Grafoanalytic method for studying information flows, tested at metallurgical factories.

3) Description of information flows in the form of a graphic type of wood.

4) The method of information links of planned calculations.

5) The method of research analysis of management tasks, developed on the identification of "short" flows.

These methods proceed primarily from the total quantitative characteristic of the information.

Each of these methods has its own scope: Some are convenient for describing information links between divisions, others - between groups of tasks, individual tasks and groups of elementary procedures.

The most complete and detailed reflection and analysis of information flows can be obtained using information models that are developed as matrix models . At the same time, various matrices are used - material processes and document processes, document management and composition of solutions and tasks at a specific level of management, according to certain groups of tasks, at different levels of management, etc.

More often than others are used models in the form of matrices and graphs. Both of these methods involve the allocation in the information system in the form of independent components of the source, intermediate and end data. This allows you to study them in isolation, which is of fundamental importance for the need for the need for external and internal information.

The matrix models of circulating information flows can be built in various versions, but as basic matrices are the dimension of the "document to the document", "indicator on the indicator". At the same time, documents can be considered as unified blocks.

In classic form, matrix models are designed to analyze classification links. But they are also acceptable to study the main characteristics of the information support of the management apparatus, because they allow to show different groups of species and sources of information and contribute to the more complete identification of actual security and the possibility of improving the tasks of different types.

Grafanalylic method Studies of information flows are based on the representation of their information graph and the analysis of its adjacency matrix. Counts can be built at the level of documents, at the level of components (source, intermediate and external data) and on a synthetic level (source and intermediate data, external and functional results).

On the basis of grafanalytic models, it is possible to identify the number of species of the original, intermediate and efficient information used and obtained during the problem of solving the problem, the frequency of use of various information data, the actual use of each indicator in operation.

Having the graphs of the main tasks and procedures solved during the control process, it is possible to obtain the arrangement matrix of graphs, indicating the relationship between tasks and documents used in the control. The graph of each task and a specific level of control allows you to establish a rational information continuity, the possibility of using intermediate and final results of this task for others.

Structural graph Can be used to calculate the amount of information.

These techniques for analyzing information support in aggregate make it possible to consider all parties to the semantic aspect of the analysis.

2.2 Graphic and Matrix Information Research Methods

The most fully analysis of the information support can be carried out when constructing and analyzing the block diagram of information carriers in the form of an information graph.

When justifying information flows, it is necessary to consider:

Information movement within the information support itself (from the block to block);

The relationship and continuity of information in the technological procedures of one functional subsystem and between independent functional units;

Hierarchical direction of information movement;

The focus and types of output information.

For this purpose, information models of objects and processes occurring in them are successfully used. ASUP creates the possibility of transition from building information models for individual functions and controls to build an information model of the control as a whole and for the enterprise.

The preparation procedure for solving a group of tasks or a separate task implies a preliminary determination of the composition, sequence and relationship of the structural components of information flows providing the solution process. The structural components of the flow include input and output documents (functional analysis level), arrays of the original, intermediate and output information (elemental level of analysis), considering the dedicated levels by independently or integrating them into a single scheme.

For fixed in the composition and content of information flows in the automation object, constant composition and interaction of elements of the ACS and the problems of tasks, the structure of information flows in the system will generally be unchanged. The sequences and relationships of the defined structural components of the streams are constant and can be found once. To automate the process of analyzing information flows, it is necessary to create an appropriate information model. To this end, it is convenient to use the apparatus of the theory of graphs.

Imagine the structural components of the flow streams in the form of a vertex of the oriented graph G \u003d (M, V), the arcs of which reflect their links among themselves. Each pair of Mi and MJ vertices is connected by an arc directed from Mi to MJ only if there is a transition of information from Mi to MJ.

Using the properties of graphs, it is possible to obtain a number of important characteristics of the studied information flows in the system.

We form the power matrices of the adjacency R, R 2, ..., R n and the total matrix. The analysis of the matrices allows you to set the following stream properties. Order components MJ is determined by the largest path connecting Mi with MJ. It is equal to the degree of n matrix of the adjacency R n at which. The maximum value of the component component MJ is determined by the largest path from Mi to MJ for the entire information graph. The initial data is highlighted in equal to zero amounts of the elements of the argenty matrix column. With the equality, zero the amounts of the line I elements are highlighted output. The values \u200b\u200bare equal to the number of components, respectively, included in MJ, and the number of results in which MI enters. The element R ij matrix of the adjacency degree n is equal to the number of paths n, binding mi and mj. The elements R И ij matrixes are summing up the total number of all paths from Mi to MJ without changing the path length.

The elements of the column are not equal to zero matrix R sum equal to zero, allow you to identify all the components that form MJ on all data pathways. Non-zero elements I strings indicate the results in the formation of which the MI element is used.

Using the adjacency matrix R and the value of the order you can determine the storage duration of the components that are intermediate with respect to the output.

The algorithm for analyzing information flows is represented in general form in Appendix 9. Modifying the algorithm, you can get almost all the characteristics of the interaction of elements in the ACS model. The fragment of the real model illustrating the volume and complexity of the relationship of the system elements is given in Appendix 10. For clarity, only individual information arrays and functional tasks are included in it. For this reason, some of the most significant links between the elements on the input and output information are allocated on the fragment.

Information graphs and the corresponding adjacency matrices can be used to determine the amounts of information on problems, groups of tasks, subsystems, the system as a whole and according to any other structural components of the graph.

As shown above, the volume of data entered into the system is quite large, therefore, their effective organization at the engine level is relevant. Analysis of information for obtaining source data in order to build or reconstruct the created information fund is conveniently carried out on the considered graph model within a single analysis algorithm. It is recommended to analyze the following relationships:

Review the number of tasks in which this indicator is used. According to this information, the data duplication coefficient is calculated in the event of an organization of individual arrays with source data for each task;

Calculate the matrix of the joint occurrence of pairs of indicators in tasks, the elements of which show the number of tasks in which the corresponding indicators are used together. Such indicators can be combined and used in general for them by the information array of the Unified Information Fund;

Determine the number and list of tasks in which this indicator is encountered together with other indicators, as well as the number and list of indicators. This will allow you to identify the groups of indicators that are used only together and are not used apart in any task.

The process of grouping indicators for tasks can be formalized, introducing a communication ratio between groups into consideration. Communication ratio is calculated by the following formula:

The financial department includes - 35 forms, go out - 34 forms of documents, which is 13% at the entrance and 12.7% at the output;

The planning and economic department includes - 32 forms, come out - 32 forms, which is 12% at the entrance and 12% at the output;

The marketing department includes - 44 forms, go out - 41 shape, which is 16% at the entrance and 15% at the output;

The production and dispatching department includes - 31 form, it exits - 22, which is - 12% at the inlet and 8% at the output.

Document Move Schemes in these divisions are presented in appendix.

Thus, it can be seen that at the entrance to the departments, information flows are more downloaded than at the output. This suggests that the functional units recycle incoming information, possibly simplifying it. In order to trace how the units are processed and used, entering them in more detail, we investigate information flows in the planning and economic department.

3.2 Building a graphical and matrix model of document management

The system of document management at the enterprise is a display of its production and economic activities. As the production improves, the work changes. This change is expressed in the emergence of new (or eliminate existing) forms of documents and the change in routes of their movement.

To analyze the data processing system, it is advisable to divide all documents circulating in the enterprise for three main groups: planned, actual (reporting), regulatory.

Matrix model (see Attachment) Information movements in the planning and economic department of OJSC "Electroagregat" on the forms of documents shows that the main activity of the division in this business process related to planning is aimed at developing key documents that are transferred to the financial department and accounting department, department external connections, Oyotis and Oikhio.

For example, 4 forms of planned documents are added to the financial department, in the accounting department - 3, to the External Relations Department - 3, in the Ootis - 3, in Oikhio - 3 forms of documents.

To carry out a more divergent analysis of document management for PEO, it is necessary on the basis of the matrix of the movement of documents in the business process from the conclusion of the contract to the sale of products see Attachment Build a table of information see Attachment .

Although between units and there are close relationships that complicate the process of moving the documentation in solving problems, yet the main data flow comes from PEO to the financial department. It is important to note that it is necessary to preserve not only the links between the functional units, but also the so-called feedback. This is explained by the following factors:

Separation of divisions in solving planning and economic tasks;

Decentralized use of standards for solving problems of various levels of planning.

This leads to the fact that in the process of operation, each unit has to solve scheduled tasks. However, the main tasks of the enterprise are determined by the plan of production for the year and the production plan for the month.

For the development and approval of the production plan in PEO provide information:

Marketing and Sales Management (UMIS) - Project of the Production Nomenclature Plan,

Technical management (TU) - projects of plans for reconstruction and technical re-equipment, preparation of production and the development of new and modernized types of products; technical re-equipment and acquisition of equipment; environmental protection; Remote energy consumption, drainage, communication services and equipment repair,

Quality management (CK) - estimates for licensing and product certification costs,

Management of frames and regime (Ukir) - estimates of expenses for technical training and expenses for the maintenance of the WCR,

The capital construction department (OX) is a draft plan of capital construction and repair.

Annual and monthly production plan is provided:

Executive directorate (ID),

Technical management (TU),

Manufacturing management (PU),

Marketing and Sales Management (UMIS),

Financial and Economic Department (FEU).

The scheme of performing work in the development and approval of the production plan is presented in appendix .

In the process of developing and approving the production plan, 13 forms of documents are used, which supply functional units and services mentioned above.

Documents used in the development of the production plan:

Project production plan,

The development plan for new and upgraded products,

Plan for reconstruction, technical re-equipment and acquisition of equipment,

Help on planning environmental protection costs under the Department of ODOT,

Estimation of energy spending, drainage, communication services, repair of equipment contractors,

Plan of the expected costs of certification of work,

Estimation of expenses for vocational training frames of the head plant OJSC "Electroagregat",

Estimated costs for the maintenance of the WCR

Draft plan of capital construction and repair of buildings and structures,

Plan for the main feasibility of economic indicators,

Project Plan (monthly),

Price for products of competitors.

3.3 Justification of the directions of improving information flows

For a more detailed analysis of information flows in the PEO of the department, calculate the continuity of information flows for the preparation of a monthly production plan.

The continuity of information flow (1), where T U.Nor, T U.Factivity is the duration of the management cycle, calculated by the period of passage of the document, regulatory and actual.

The monthly production plan must be drawn up to the 25th number of the previously preceding month month. However, in practice there are certain difficulties in developing the next production plan. For example, resolutions of higher organizations.

To Nur for January \u003d 30 days / 34days \u003d 0.89,

To Nur for February \u003d 31 days / 35days \u003d 0.89,

To nur for march \u003d 31 days / 35days \u003d 0.89,

To Nur for April \u003d 31 days / 32days \u003d 0.97.

To Nur for apvatal \u003d (0.89 * 3 + 0.97) /4\u003d0.91.

Based on a certain continuity of information flows for each month, it can be seen that it is more or less stable for the first three months, although close to 1, but not equal. This is generally a favorable trend, since the information flow is continuous, although PEO, as can be seen, is seen with the adoption of the production plan for the next month (). However, in April, the plan passed on only 1 day later. This is how, perhaps, since the beginning of the year, some changes were made to the method of drawing up a plan, which caused difficulties for 3 months. But these questions were successfully resolved. In general, for the quarter, the continuity of information flows is quite acceptable.

Control coefficient management

(2), where -

D 1, D 2, D 3 - the deadline for execution for the relevant documents;

To 1, to 2, to 3 - lag from the received period of execution of documents in days;

d 1, D 2, D 3 - the proportion of documents of a particular type.

During the year, 13 forms of documents per year are being developed for making an annual plan. The frequency of completing documents (3), where D is the number of documents developed for the preparation of the annual production plan per year; D IJ - Number of I-th document j-th periodicity developed for the period; N j - the number of periods of the year. Thus, the number of documents developed for the preparation of the production plan is 13.

Information flows are the amount of information flows that allows the enterprise financial and economic activities.

In order to function normally, the enterprise should receive complete and high-quality information before and after making it by the management of management decisions.

Good information allows the company:

• - get competitive advantages;
• - reduce financial risk;
• - identify the attitude of buyers;
• - justify intuitive solutions;
• - improve the effectiveness of activities;
• - follow the external environment;
• - coordinate the strategy;
• - increase confidence in the agreements reached and adopted obligations.

One of of most important conditions The successful functioning of production as a whole is the presence of such a system of information that would allow you to associate all the activities and manage it based on the principles of the whole.

The information is collected and analyzed by four auxiliary systems, which in the aggregate are: internal reporting, market research, information analysis and the collection of current external information.

In determining the parameters of the enterprise, financial and accounting reporting plays a special role. This internal reporting system displays the current sales, costs, volumes of material reserves, cash flow, information about receivables and accounts.

Of great importance for information has the continuity of its collection. This ensures complete clarity in the affairs of its own enterprise, as well as the ability and willingness to provide the market for the necessary goods in the required volumes.

In the logistics allocate types of information flows depending on:

• - from the type of systems associated with the flow - horizontal and vertical;
• - from the place of passage - external and internal;
• - from the direction relative to the logistics system - input and output (Fig. 1).

Fig.

Horizontal information flows Most often are informal, they are the most effective, from a communicative point of view. They remain approximately 90% of information. That is, the loss of information during transmission in this way is minimal. This is explained by the fact that people who are at one level of the service hierarchy are psychologically easier to understand each other, because they solve the same tasks and face similar problems (Fig. 2).

Fig.

Vertical information flows There are between workers or groups of workers located at various levels of hierarchy, for example, between the boss and subordinate.

In turn, vertical information flows are divided into descending (from leadership to ordinary employees on the hierarchy) and ascending (from lower employees to higher) (Fig. 3).

Fig.

External information flows Reflect the relationship between the enterprise and the economic and political actors operating beyond. They define the interaction between the enterprise, its real and potential customers, as well as competitors. The company must constantly monitor the main components of the external environment to which the economic, technological, political and legal, socio-cultural and physical and environmental factors belong.

Internal information flows - These are information flows between various services and levels of the enterprise, such as a document on the release of materials from the factory warehouse in the enterprise shop, a document on the vacation of material resources from one workshop to another, an acceptance document on the warehouse of finished products, products and parts. Internal information flows clearly characterize the stages of the process: equipped, intraproductive, sales.

The main features of internal information flows are: simplified design, certified by signatures of officials, inside individual production units (workshops and sites) often consist of oral messages.

Input information flows - this is a sequence of documents and data coming to input to the information system,

information necessary to solve the problem and located on various media: primary documents, machine media, in memory personal computer. To this end, a list of input information and the composition of the details of each type of input information, the location of the input information details, description of the details (fields) of input documents are drawn up.

Weekend information flows - These are messages outside the same logistics system or one of its subsystems.

The information flow is characterized by the following indicators:

• - source of occurrence;
• - direction of flow movement;
• - transmission and reception speed;
• - flow intensity, etc.

The information flow is measured by the number of time processed or transmitted information per unit of time.

Methods for measuring the number of information contained in any message are studied in the Cybernetics section, which is called the theory of information. According to this theory, the so-called binary unit is accepted for this theory. When using electronic computers, information is measured by bytes. Byte is a part of the machine word, consisting usually from 8 bits and used as one integer when processing information in the computer.

Derivatives of the number of information are also used: kilobyte and megabytes.

In the practice of economic activity, information can also be measured:

• - the number of documents being processed or transmitted;
• - a total number of documenses in the documents being processed or transmitted.

It is also necessary to identify the place of collection, input and output of information, the form of its submission and documentation. To build such systems, it should be used as much as possible to use modern computer products, the possibilities of their inclusion in local computing networks and access to international networks, such as the Internet.