Fleamed the boot sector on the hard disk. Restoring the Fat boot sector The simplest case

If you have never been faced with the problem of the occurrence of failures when loading the operating system of the computer, it is possible that this article will not be interesting to you. It is intended for those who want to learn independently (without challenge specialists) to eliminate from time to time the emerging failures in the operation of the operating system and restore the boot sector with their own hands.

Possible causes of failure

As a rule, failure appears unexpectedly. Just once you cannot turn on your computer, because the operating system is not loaded. This is due to the fact that for various uninteresting for the absolute majority of users, the main boot record (MBR) is damaged, or as it is also called the boot sector. The causes of the failure can be program damage MBR due to a viral attack or violation of physical hard sectors disk. Eliminate the problem you can restore the boot sector. As a result, the program will reassign the Winchester region, and the MBR functions will perform another disc sector.

Solution to the problem

Restore the boot sector is simple enough. Most often helps re-loading system. You can be offered several options. Increvious users we advise you to choose the option of loading the system with the latest efficient parameters. If it does not help, try downloading it in safe mode. In this case, you will not see the background pattern. In addition, the bulk of the programs will not work, but the files stored on the desktop can be copied to another carrier or on local disk. This option must be tried, because the only way to restore the system can only be reinstalled with formatting system Disc. And if you do not want to lose any important documents, do not neglect by this action.

Restoring Windows 7 boot sector

It is necessary to find disc windows installations 7. If there is no one by definition or lost, then you need to look for a boot disk. Do not forget to restore the system to check your hard drive for viruses, or rather, to make sure there are no. To do this, set it to another computer or use CDs with antivirus. In case of ignoring such an audit, there is a risk of a re-violation of the loader due to the fact that the adhesive virus is again activated.

Sequencing

Start the recovery of the Windows 7 boot sector should be pressed with the "Delete" button when the computer is turned on. In the "Advanced" section (or "boot"), find the order of loading devices. Install in the BIOS first CD / DVD device, save the change and exit it.

The next step, select Restore Windows using the Recovery Console. Then, from the proposed list, select the system to restore and enter its number. Press "ENTER". Then enter the "FixMBr" command to restore the MBR, or the "FixBoot" command indicating the drive letter to recover, confirm its execution (y) and press "ENTER" again. Restart the computer. If the restoration of the boot sector did not succeed in this way, the only thing remains to be reinstalling the system.

If you do not turn on the computer when you turn on the computer, the process hangs on a black screen, the hard disk boot record (MBR) may be damaged.

External manifestations

When an error appears on the doubt doubt.

An HDD loader fault information may be issued.

Text information may be different depending on the error classification. But when the word BOOT is mentioned, it is clear that with the loading disorder.

How to restore MBR, bring on this page.

The reasons

Pay attention to the common causes of HDD bootable sector faults.

Two types of bootloader

On the old systems to Windows XP, the NT Loader (NTLDR) boot was used. In Windows 7, Vista and subsequent versions of the OS, used UEFI and EFI. Therefore, old and new systems on one PC are usually not put. Otherwise, NTLDR rubs UEFI.

Sophisticated software

Errors in the boot sector HDD can occur when used even popular programs for the hard drive section. I had this happened to Acronis. This happens because such a software replaces the drivers of the loading of disks with its own. This is capable of spoiling the initial entry of the MBR. Therefore, it is better to use the built-in methods of the hard disk partition from Windows.

Viruses

Its "orders" in the MBR sometimes lead viruses. Therefore, after restoring the HDD boot, check the computer with antivirus programs.

If you are confident that the reason in the viruses, then clean the PC from them before the repair of the MBR. To do this, there are utilities of famous antivirus companies, for example - Kaspersky Rescue Disk. They are provided free of charge on official sites with instructions for use.

Any of these programs is included in the software kit for CD or DVD, which allows you to load from the CD, find and remove viruses on HDD.

Windows 7 download recovery

The sector repair is performed from a CD or from a USB flash drive with an installation package of the operating system.

1. First insert a DVD into a drive or flash drive into a USB connector with a Windows distribution.
2. Then you need to allow launch from these devices. This is done in the BIOS settings.

Changing the sources of download

The technology of the following order:

Be sure to click F10, otherwise the changes will not be saved!

Working from a CD or Flash Device

Act in the following order:

1. After rebooting at the bottom, the inscription will appear: "Press Any Key ...". It is asked to press any key. Press. Otherwise it will not come out. If the inscription already disappeared, repeat everything first. For this, click three keys at once: Ctrl + Alt + Del. This will cause a computer reboot.
2. When you boot from the DVD or "flash drives", the Windows Installation window will appear. On the left below you choose the "system restoration".
   
3. Will offer connect network features, Select the languages \u200b\u200bor the letter of the disk. Do not change anything and reach the choice of systems.
4. Allocate needed Windows And put the mark on the contrary "Use the recovery tools ...".
   
5. If the required system is not, then it should appear when clicking "Download Drivers".
6. Continue the "Next" button.
7. In the next window, select "Start Restore", and the MBR can be reanimated automatically.
   
8. If the sector has not earned, then click "Command Line".
9. At the command line, call the bootrec utility and write to her so that it repaired MBR: bootrec / fixmbr. Each command finish the Enter key.
   
10. Then create a new boot sector: bootrec / fixBoot. You dial to exit the program eXIT And remember that you need to press ENTER.

If the corrections did not help

There is another MBR resuscitation team - bootSect / NT60 SYS. After it, try to boot again.

In case of unsuccessful attempts, write in the command line like this: bootSect / RebuildBCD.A search will occur operating systemsinstalled on PC.

Now try to go to Windows again. Please note that the list of systems will now be one more. Try to go to each of them. Must happen!

Non-standard way

If all sector recovery options have not saved, it is recommended to reinstall Windows. And no matter how you want to do it! After all, right?

I also thought so and decided to put another small system near another. What does "small" mean? This is a bootloader. It is empty: I did not put the driver and my programs on it, because I do not work. But it is loaded!

What was needed, I achieved: a working boot area appeared on the Winchester. Now I normally go to the old system. The disadvantage is that lost about 14 GB of disk space. If you are not scary to you, you can take such a way of arms!

How to fix the sector in Windows 8-10 and Vista?

For Vista and later versions of Windows The same methods are suitable as for the "seven", only design is different. For example, in the "eight" it is.

But items remain the same. Therefore, they will not describe them. Use the instructions described above for Windows 7.

In Windows XP.

In Expshchka, the principle of resuscitation of the sector is similar. But the entrance is a bit different. Now you will see:

1. After downloading from the CD, the system files on the hard drive begins.
2. Then the action selection window appears.

Load from the emergency system diskette and execute the SYS C: which will create a Boot Sector on the system disk and copy system files there. Make sure that the versions of operating systems on a diskette and on the recoverable disk coincide.

BOOT SECTOR recovery is easier to perform "automatic" method, but this does not exclude the possibility of "manual" recovery with a pencil, paper and disk editor. As mentioned above, if there are intact (or at least partially damaged) elements of the logical structure, save them as files on the backup disk.

Not an easy case. Destroyed not only boot sector

But there is a copy of the necessary system regions in the form of files or disk areas.

Follow the standard formatting of the main disk partition, i.e. team Format C: In this case, the file structure of the formatted disc partition is formed with the recreation of Boot Sector, clean FAT and ROOT Directory, the data area is not affected, i.e. Information in Data Area does not change.

Check the location of the root directory. For this diskeditor-Oh, in the recording cluster mode of the newly created partition, by specifying the search for the "subdirectory" object, check the coincidence of the physical cluster numbers and the cluster number in the first record of the subdirectories found. In case of incomprehension of numbers, it is necessary to adjust the value of the number of FAT sectors in boot record Boot Sector. Adjustment is carried out by increasing sectors by the number of multiple half of the number of sectors in the cluster. As a rule, such an adjustment is necessary in cases of non-standard disk breaking or after changes in the size of the sections with artificial means.

If you are lucky, and you have reserved in the form of files surviving FAT and / or Root Directory, using the diskeditor-Ohm restore them on the disk. If you survived the second copy of the FAT, and the first is not, you should copy the second copy and the first copy place.

If you have survived one of the copies of the FAT and the root directory, after executing all items above the above items, full access to information on the disk will be restored.

How to restore boot sector manually

The boot sector address can be found in the physical sector with the coordinates of 0/0/1 (Track / Head / Sector) in the appropriate partition Table element. Next, you need to go to this sector and view it in the Boot Record format (F7 key in program disk Editor). If in the root sector fields is "trash", then you need to manually restore this sector. You need to score with zeros the rest of the boot sector or copy to this place the boot sector of the system diskette if the disc partition is active (C :) Then you need to manually fill in the control fields of this sector:

This table remained empty sectors per FAT fields and Sectors Per Claster (sectors on the cluster). They must be calculated additionally:

SECTORS PER FAT. : We view the disk sectors following Boot Record until we find the start of the indigenous catalog. We remember the coordinates of the catalog sector. Then we calculate the relative number of this sector relative to the Boot Record based on the number of parties on the disk, the number of sectors on the track and the relative address Boot Record \u003d 1. Then we find the S / F field:

S / F: \u003d (<Относ. сектор каталога> -1) Div 2.

SECTORS PER CLASTER. : This value must be chosen from the calculation that it can take 8 SECT / CLAST or 4 SECT / CLAST values.

Note. The following description refers to FAT 16. If FAT 32 is used on the disk, refer to it description

In the case when the device fails to start and constantly occur errors during the download, you should try to use standard means recovery. If it does not help or not available, then you can try to correct the boot records with command line. How to do this will be told in this article. This method will be able to help, in the case when it does not reach the launch of the OS itself.

BootRec EXE utility

The first thing the standard utility will be used to restore the system, which will have to be caused from the console.

Unfortunately, in order to launch the console, additional steps will be required. It will be necessary create a recovery disk Or a version with a version for installation windows. A good idea will have them always at hand, and not to record urgently on another device or friends.

For the seven it will be necessary to choose the item " System Restore", And then make the start of the console. For the eight, the first point will remain unchanged, but further will have to go into diagnostic, From there call extra optionsand only then run the console.

In the window that appears, you should enter the command BootRec.exe., after which a list of available actions with all the necessary explanations will appear. Read more each item will be disassembled further.

We write down a new boot sector

The second command in this list will overwrite the current loading sector under the Operation, which is available in this moment. Failures in the sector can occur for several reasons:

To fix it all just enter the FixBoot command as shown in the picture.

Correct MBR

This command that runs the first string will correct the corresponding records on the system hard disk. In fact, they are they are responsible for order Loading the system, of which the BIOS finds out that and in which sequence to download. This operation will be able to help in case ensuring errors:

You need to enter the FixMBr command as shown in the picture, and all these problems must disappear.

How to find all installed systems

May occur situations at which not all systems installed Available for download. Performing an appropriate operation will allow check the devicefor other installed Operations, and using the next section of the article, you can add them to this list. The required command is displayed in the picture.

Re-excide BCD.

Enter the appropriate operation / RebuildBCD. After the initial command, will allow you to record all the operating systems found and recovery tools to the configuration file. loading windowsThat will allow you to display them at the next download.

It is clear from the article that many problems with the launch system can be solved on their own, using the command line and only one utility. So it is worth trying this option before starting to panic, rearrange OS or carry a computer to repair.

How to restore the boot sector HDD

Almost every user working with a computer faces the problem of damage to the HDD sector. This may have a number of reasons, starting by incorrect completion of the work and ending with a deep penetration of the virus. There are many possible methodsHow to restore the HDD boot sector and data on it (in some cases, information may be lost irretrievably). Some options will be too complicated for ordinary users PC, and the worst thing that the incomprehensibility of actions can lead to this very process of irrevocable data loss or global damage common system. Therefore, the first rule before the start of restoration work, try to reduce the number of impacts and especially incomprehensible and unverified manipulations. It is not recommended to delete anything, cut or copy. Each problem is individual, so you will need to check the sector on various software. There are plenty of all kinds of programs, the most popular are:

HDDScan;
Active File Recovery;
R-Studio;
Norton PartitionMagic;
RAXCO;
Easeus Partition Master.

And this is definitely not all, but these programs most often cope with the task, and enjoys good reviews Among users. Alas and it is not always able to restore the HDD boot sector as soon as possible, problems with the type determination may occur file System Either the presence of this sector will not be visible.

Formatting media

This method is suitable for those who are not important information on the media and it is important to restore the HDD boot sector as quickly as possible. After this procedure, in 80% of cases, work is completely restored. But this method is more often resorted in the most extreme cases, because Discourse on the disk is still almost everyone playing an important role, especially if this is a working computer.

Testdisk.
If the user first faces the problem and absolutely does not know how to restore the HDD2 boot sector, this utility It can very quickly cope with the task. However, not without the participation of the user itself, it will be necessary to figure out in some points. Special complexity of the program, this is an English interface. With knowledge of technical words, the system will understand.

Consider this method the points:
1) Find Create A New Log File if you need to enter a log.
2) Next, you need to find a damaged medium by describing its characteristics, for example: disk / dev / sds - 160 GB, select it.
3) Next action, selection of a section type among Intel, Sun, Mac, etc.
4) After that, there are possible operations that can be done with the disk. Choosenalyse.
5) Next, the analysis of possible losses and the overall structure is.
6) Selection of geometry on disk
7) Final steps in the "Master Boot Record" section, is responsible for rebooting the sector. You need to select a damaged disk, after checking sectors, rewrite MBD.

With the correct course of action, after a reboot, the disk should function again and at the same time have all its data in the same form.

Second way to apply on windows
For various reasons, the first option may not work, and the question is how to restore your boot sector HDD3 remains open. To understand the recovery process itself, consider it more detailed what MBR is.

MBR is the very first sector that is found on the disk, there is a special table with sections, and boot program, it reads the data and their path, ranging from hard disk, and ending with the section of the installed operating system.

Procedure:
1) First you need to turn on the computer and select the download from installation disk Either a USB drive, press any key and in the Windows Setup window to select "System Restore", in the event of a problem detection, press the correction and reboot.
2) If it did not help the boot sector, re-open the "system restore" and select the "Next" item, on the command line we write bootrec / fixmbr. This command will hold the compatibility of the main boot record and solve the problem of its damage. But the partition table will not change.
3) I knock out the following BOOTREC / FixBoot command, this action records a new boot sector, which will be compatible with Windows. Press "output" and reboot the computer.

In general, it should work! But as practice shows, the HDD boot sector is not so simple, and this case has more ways and teams:
1) BOOTREC / SCANOS command, makes a full scan and search for operating systems, in cases of finding, on the screen it will be visible.
2) BOOTREC / RebuildBCD is used to add to the total download menu of the Windows found, the y and ENTER combination will complete the additive process.

If it did not produce the desired effect, the command, like BootSect / NT60 SYS, can in an individual case can restore the HDD boot sector, using the update of the main boot code. After that, you need to click "Exit" and restart the computer.
Of course, this is not all existing methods Both programs, so if these options did not help, reasonably contact the computer forum, because many users face this problem and prompt each other how to act in order to reasonably restore the HDD boot sector, and do not apply more harm to it. Boot sectors pretty popular topicIf the google becomes clear that the situations with the loader breakdown are the most different, but almost always any action is opposition. Here are some more good and effective programs for restoring a hard disk:
MBRFIX.
Paragon Hard DISK.
Hirlen's Boot