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PC maintenance tools. Computer maintenance and laptop

1.2.1. Types of maintenance SVT

The type of maintenance is determined by the frequency and complex of technological operations to maintain the operational properties of SVT.

GOST 28470-90 "System of maintenance and repair technical means computing equipment and computer science "determines the following types

regulated;
periodic;
with periodic control;
with continuous control.

Regulated maintenance there should be a clockwork and taking into account the operations provided for in the operational documentation for SVT, regardless of the technical condition.

Periodic maintenanceit should be carried out after intervals of time and in the amount established in the operational documentation for SVT.

Maintenance with periodic controldue to the frequency control of the technical condition of the SVT and the necessary complex of technological operations established in the technological documentation and the necessary complex of technological operations depending on the technical condition of SVT.

Maintenance with continuous controlprior to in accordance with the operational documentation for SVT or technological documentation on the results of continuous monitoring of the technical condition of SVT.

Control of the SVT technical condition can be performed in static or dynamic modes.

For static mode The control values \u200b\u200bof the voltage and the frequency of sync pulses remain constant during the entire cycle of prophylactic control, and during dynamic mode there is a periodic change. Thus, due to the creation of weighted modes of operation, the SVT can be revealed by the reliability elements.

Preventive controlit is carried out by hardware paths. The apparatus control is carried out with the help of special equipment, instrumentation and stands and software and hardware complexes.

Works on troubleshooting during prophylactic control can be divided into the following steps:

Characteristics of faults on current state SVT;

Monitoring environmental parameters and measures to eliminate their deviations;

Localization of the error and determination of the fault location using hardware and software SVT and with the help of additional equipment;

Trouble-shooting; - Banning the solution of the problem.

To implement it creates a system that (service station).

The following types of maintenance systems (service station) were currently the greatest distribution:

Planned service;
Maintenance service;
Combined service.

Planned servicebased on the calendar principle and implements regulated and periodic technical services. These works are performed in order to maintain devices of SVT in good condition, identifying failures in equipment, warning failures and failures in the work of SVT.

The frequency of planned-preventive work depends on the type of SVT and the operating conditions (the number of shifts and loading).

The advantages of the system - ensures the highest readiness of SVT. The shortcomings of the system - requires large material and physical costs. In general, the system includes the following types of maintenance
(Prevention):

control inspections (KO)
daily then (s);
weekly then;
two-weeks then;
decadanes;
monthly then (TO1);
double month;
semi-annual or seasonal (service station);
annual then;

Co., ETOSVT includes device inspection, test run fast checkreadiness (device performance), as well as the work provided by daily prevention (in accordance with the instruction manual) of all external devices (cleaning, lubrication, adjustment, etc.).

During two weeks Provides a run of diagnostic tests, as well as all types of two-week preventive work,

provided for external devices.

For Monthlyprovides a more complete check

functioning SVT with the help of the entire test system included in its software. Check is performed at nominal values \u200b\u200bof power sources prophylactic voltage change on + 5%.

Preventive voltage change allows you to identify the weakest schemes of the system. Typically, the schemes must maintain their performance when the voltage changes in the specified limits. However, aging and other factors cause gradual changes in the performance of schemes that can be detected on preventive modes.

Checking SVT with prophylactic voltage change reveals predicted malfunctions, due to which the amount of hard-calibrated faults leading to failures is reduced.

During the monthly prevention, all necessary workprovided for in the operating instructions for external devices.

For semi-annual (annual) That (ONE HUNDRED) The same works are carried out that with a monthly then. As well as all types of semi-annual (per annum) preventive work: disassembly, cleaning and lubrication of all mechanical nodes of external devices with their simultaneous adjustment or replacement of parts. In addition, the cables and power tires are inspected.

A detailed description of preventive work is given in the instruction manual for individual devices attached to the manufacturer.

For maintenance service Performance of work is not over-planned and is performed as necessary on the basis of the state of the object (test results), which meets the maintenance with continuous control or maintenance with periodic control.

An unscheduled prophylactic maintenance includes extraordinary prevention, prescribed mainly after eliminating SVT serious faults. The volume of preventive measures is determined by the nature of the fault and its possible consequences.

The output of SVT on unscheduled prophylaxis can also be produced when the number of failures arising for a certain set period of time exceeds the allowable values.

The system requires the presence and proper use of various test funds (software).

The system allows you to minimize the cost of operation of SVT, but the readiness of SVT to use is lower than when using a planned warning service station.

For combined maintenance system "Younger Types" are carried out as needed, as at the same time on the basis of the operation and conditions of operation of a specific type of SVT or the results of its testing. Execution of "senior species" and repairs are planned.

The rational organization STR should include the accumulation of static material based on the results of operation of the SST in order to generalize, analyze and develop recommendations for improving the structure of service, an increase in the efficiency of using SVT, a decrease in operating costs.

1.2.2. Methods of maintenance (repair) SVT

Maintenance (service) is independent of the adopted system, it can be organized using well-known methods.

Method of maintenance (repair) SVTthe definition of the organizational measures and the complex of technological operations for maintenance (repair).

Methods of maintenance (repair) are divided by the organization for:

branded;
autonomous;
specialized;
combined.

Corporate Methodconditions of SVT enterprise-manufacturer conducted by maintenance and repair SVTO own production.

Autonomous methodit consists in maintaining the workshop SVT during operation, in which the maintenance and repair of the SVT user performs on its own.

Specialized methodit is a provisionable state of SVT to the service of the service conducted by maintenance and repair work.

Combined methodit is to ensure the workshop of SVT by the user in conjunction with the service of the service, or with the manufacturer's enterprise and is reduced to the distribution of works on maintenance and repair SVT.

By character executionmethods of maintenance (repair) are divided into:

Individual;

Group;

Centralized.

In case of individualthe maintenance of one SVTsils and the means of personnel of this SVT is ensured. The equipment kit for this type includes:

The control equipment of the element base SVT and power supply:

Control and commissioning equipment for autonomous check and repair of the Funds of SVT;

A set of electrical equipment necessary for operation SVT;

Program set (tests) for checking the operation of SVT;

Tools and repair accessories; -Evitel equipment and devices;

Special furniture for storing property and equipment of the workplaces of the operator and the adjuster of the element base.

All listed equipment provides for the possibility of prompt search and troubleshooting with the help of stand and control and measuring equipment. This kit, combined with the necessary zip (spare tools, devices), must ensure the predetermined recovery time SVT.

In the presence of the necessary service equipment and qualified technical personnel, individual service can significantly reduce the recovery time of SVT, but it takes significant costs of maintaining technical personnel and service equipment.

The effectiveness of the work of SVT to a greater extent depends on the qualifications of the service personnel, the timeliness of preventive and repair work and the quality of their implementation.

Groupit serves to serve several SVT, focused in one place, the means and forces of special personnel. The structure of the composition of the equipment at the group service is the same as in the individual, but it is assumed more instruments, devices, etc., eliminating unjustified duplication. Set group service Includes at least a set of equipment of the SVT individual service, supplemented by equipment and devices of other SVTs.

Centralized maintenanceit is an omitous form of service SVT. The central maintenance system is a network of regional service centers and their branches - maintenance points.

With centralized maintenance, the costs of maintaining technical staff, service equipment and zip are reduced. Such service involves the repair of elements, components and blocks of SVT on the basis of a special workshop equipped with all the necessary equipment and devices. In addition, centralized maintenance allows you to focus in one place. Materials on the statistics of the failures of elements, nodes, blocks and devices SVT, as well as obtain operational data from dozens of SVTs of the same type with direct control of reliability. All this makes it possible to use information to predict the necessary zip, issuing recommendations for operation of SVT.

1.2.3. Types of repair SVT.

The type of repair is determined by the conditions for its conduct, the composition and content of works performed on SVT.

SVT repair is divided into types:

current;
middle;
capital (for mechanical and electromechanical SVT).

Maintenanceit should be carried out to restore the performance of SVT without the use of stationary means of technological equipment at the site of operation of SVT. At the current repairs, SVT is monitored to function using appropriate checks.

Middle repairsmust be carried out to restore the performance of SVT, or component parts SVT using specialized stationary technological equipment. With an average repair, the technical condition of the individual components of the SST with the elimination of the detected faults and the revision of the parameters to the standards provided by the rules is checked.

Overhaulit should be carried out for the repair and resource of the SVT through the replacement or repair of the components of the SST, including the basic, using specialized stationary means of technological equipment in stationary conditions.

Middle and overhaul of SVTor their components are frequent, as a rule, planned and produced on products for which interrontal resources and (or) are limited (resource) of operation.

1.2.4. The main characteristics of STR

One of the main characteristics of the service station is duration prevention SVT. The duration of prevention is greaterly affects the degree of qualifications of the service personnel.

An analysis of the static data on the operation of a specific SVT allows you to recommend a replacement for preventing the prevention of less frequency on the prevention of greater periodicity (for example, daily - weekly). This allows you to increase the time of use of SVT directly to computing work.

Another important quantitative characteristic is coefficient prevention efficiencyk.prof., which characterizes the degree of removal of reliability of SVT by preventing failures at the time of prevention. The effectiveness coefficient of prevention is calculated by the formula

where NProf. - the number of failures identified during the prevention; Nobody + NProf. - The total number of failures SVT for the period of operation.

1.2.5. Calculating the number of employees employed by service and the current repairs

The calculation of the number of employees necessary to perform service and the current repair of PCs (CN) is carried out by the formula:

where: HP - the norm of working time one employee for the planned year
(2000 hours);

Tob - total costs of time on maintenance of computing equipment are calculated by the formula:

where Tr is the time standards for a certain type of work; n - the number of types of work performed;

K \u003d 1.08 is a correction coefficient that takes into account the costs of time on work not provided for by the norms and bearing one-time character.

The normative time spent on a certain type of work is calculated by the formula:

where NVRI is the rate of time on execution of i-th operations per unit of measurement in a certain form of normalized work;

VI - the amount of operations of the I-th view performed for the year (determined according to the accounting and reporting data).

The range of changes from 1 to i is the number of normalized operations in a certain form of work.

The basis for the compilation of staffing on the number of employees is the average number (CHD), which is calculated by the formula:

CHSP \u003d CN X CN, where KN is a coefficient, taking into account the planned unbels of workers
During vacation, disease, etc., determined by the formula:

where% of the planned nebows to work is established according to accounting data.

1.2.6. Material maintenance SVT

The quality of operation of the SVT depends on providing it with spare elements, various fixtures of consumables, providing control and measuring instruments, tools, etc. It also also has the creation of the necessary conditions for the normal functioning of computing means (temperature-humid mode, power regimen, and T . n.) And for service personnel (climatic conditions, noise level, illumination, etc.).

SVT operation should be carefully planned. Planning should cover the whole range of issues related to the compilation common program Works of SVT, distribution of machine time, etc., and to all the work of the service personnel.

The rational organization of operation should include the accumulation of static material based on the results of operation of the SST in order to generalize, analyze and develop recommendations for improving the structure of service, an increase in the efficiency of using SVT, a decrease in operating costs.

In the process of operation, the PC requires periodic cleaning from dust and dirt. To reduce PC pollution, it is recommended to use special antistatic covers. They need to close the components of the PC and peripherals After turning off the computer. Before cleaning the PC must be turned off and disconnected from the power supply.

As dusted, but at least once a month it is necessary to wipe the composite parts of the PC pure slightly damp cloth. In no case uses for cleaning PC aerosols, fluids and solvents.

For strong pollution The surface of the keyboard and buttons can be wiped with them with a piece of fabric moistened with alcohol (not to use cologne or toilet water for these purposes).

Several times a year, depending on the intensity of the operation of the PC and the dusting of the environment, it is necessary to remove dust from the system unit. To do this, it is recommended to use a vacuum cleaner with a narrow nozzle nozzle.

Periodically need to check hDD Computer in order to detect failure sectors and lost clusters. To do this, you need to use special utilities (Norton Disk Doctor, Scan Disk, etc.). It is also recommended to periodically launch the file structure defragmentation utilities hard disk (Speed \u200b\u200bDisk, Defrag). The frequency of such checks depends on the intensity of the operation of the computer and is determined by the experimental way.

With intensive information exchange with other computers, it is recommended to check the hard drive and floppy disks for computer viruses. To check, you need to use if possible latest versions Multiple antivirus programs. It is also recommended to establish an auditor for tracking changes arising from PC hard disk.

Lecture 4. Software PC

4.1. Software levels

Programs are ordered command sequences. The ultimate goal of any computer Program - Hardware management. Even if at first glance the program does not interact with the equipment, it does not require any data entry from the input devices and does not output data to the output device, it all the same, its operation is based on the control of computer hardware devices.

The composition of the computing system software is called software configuration. There is a relationship between programs, as well as between physical nodes and blocks, there is a relationship - many programs work, relying on other programs of the lower level, that is, we can talk about the inter-program interface, which is provided by the distribution of software into several levels interacting with each other. Software levels are a pyramid design. Such membership is convenient for all steps of working with the computing system, starting with the installation of programs to practical exploitation and maintenance.

A basic level of. The lowest level of software represents the basic software. It is responsible for interaction with basic hardware. Basic software means are directly included in the basic equipment and stored in special chips, called permanent storage devices (ROM - Read Only Memory, ROM). Programs and data are "stitched" in the ROM chip at the production stage and cannot be changed during operation.

In cases where the change in basic software during operation is technically appropriate, instead of the ROM chip apply the reprogrammed constant storage devices (EPROM PPZ). In this case, the change in the content of the ROM can be performed both directly as part of the computing system (flash technology) and it, on special devices, called programmers.

System level. System level - transitional. Programs that work at this level ensure the interaction of other programs computer system With the basic level programs and directly with hardware, that is, perform "mediation" functions.

From the software of this level, the operational indicators of the entire computing system as a whole depends. For example, when connected to the computing system of new equipment at the system level, a program must be installed, providing related relationships with this equipment for other programs. Specific programs responsible for interacting with specific devices are called device drivers - they are included in the system level software.

Another class of system level programs is responsible for interacting with the user. It is thanks to them that he gets the ability to enter data into the computing system, manage its work and receive the result in a convenient form. These software are called tools user interface. From them directly depends on the convenience of working with a computer and labor productivity in the workplace.

The set of software level software forms the kernel of the computer operating system. We will consider the complete concept of the operating system somewhat later, and here we only note that if the computer is equipped with a system-level software, it is already prepared for installing higher levels, to the interaction of software with equipment and, most importantly, to interaction with the user. That is, the presence of the operating system core - an indispensable condition for the possibility practical work man with computing system.

Service level. The software of this level interacts both with the basic level programs and system level programs. The main purpose of the service programs (they are also called utilities) is to automate work on verification, commissioning and configuring the computer system. In many cases, they are used to expand or improve system program functions. Some service programs (as a rule, these are service programs) initially include the operating system, but most of the service programs are for the operating system by external and serve to expand its functions.

There are two alternative areas in the design and operation of service programs: integration with the operating system and offline operation. In the first case, service programs can change consumer properties. system softwareBy making them more convenient for practical work. In the second case, they are poorly associated with system software, but provide the user more opportunities for personalizing their interaction with hardware and software.

Applied level. Applied level software is a complex applied softwareWith which specific tasks are performed at this workplace. The spectrum of these tasks is unusually wide - from production to creative and entertaining training. A huge functional range of possible applications of computing equipment is due to the presence of application programs for different activities.

Because there is a direct relationship between application software and systemics (the first rely on the second), it can be argued that the universality of the computing system, the availability of application software and latitude functionality The computer is directly dependent on the type of operating system used, on which system tools contains its kernel, as it ensures the interaction of the triune complex. Man is a program - equipment.

4.2. PC operating system

Operating system (OS) represents a complex of system and service software. On the one hand, it relies on the basic computer software, on the other hand, it itself is a support for software higher levels - applied and most service applications.

The main function of all operating systems - intermediary. It is to provide several types of interface:

Interface between the user and software and hardware of the computer (user interface);

Interface between software and hardware (hardware and software interface);

Interface between different species Software (software interface).

Even for one hardware platform, for example, such as IBM PC, there are several operating systems.

»How to make computer maintenance with your own hands? Step-by-step instruction

PUBLISHED: 12 May 2015

Acquisition of a home computer - always big joy for the whole family. Internet access, access to huge amount A variety of information, work, studies and leisure is just a small share that the computer can provide us.
But quite often happens that already after three or four months, the joy of their owners begins to overstate the problems arising from PC. The computer begins to suddenly turn off, hang, the operating system is constantly rebooted or works with failures. Most users do not suspect that part of such problems could be avoided if on time to carry out the maintenance of its "digital friend", and with its own.

Causes of personal computer failure

Technical marriage. Nobody insured against his manifestation. Unfortunately, it is practically unable to identify it when purchasing it, but, as a rule, it is manifested for the first time days of the device, and very rare in a few months.
Computer infection with viruses. All viruses behave differently. Some may be unnoticed and quiet for years, and other actions are manifested immediately - they can delete files, perform their encryption, copy your personal data via the Internet, etc. In any case, this can lead to an excessive load on the computer, damage to the operating system And as a result - to fatal mistakes in her work.
Incorrect software work. The problem is due to both the imperfection of the environment for creating software and errors allowed by programmers when developing.
Overheating of the components of the system unit. It is this reason for the PC refusal is the main one in the absence of elementary, regular maintenance. Overheating of the components occurs due to the violation of the normal cooling of chips, for this reason, the cooling components - radiators and fans ("coolers") are gradually clogged with dust and mud and cease to function correctly.

What do you need for maintenance?

Despite the seeming complexity, carry out maintenance for almost any user. To do this, we will need an easy toolkit:

Toothpick.
Caller S. compressed air (Sold in computer stores) or vacuum cleaner.

If you do not have a crosswinter, you can buy it at any economic store. Ask the seller-consultant to show you the scum, with which you can unscrew the screws on the system unit and select from the proposed, most suitable for convenience.

A sprinkled aircraft is also an optional attribute for maintenance, if you have a good vacuum cleaner with a reversible mode. (Such vacuum cleaners are not only sucking the air, but can also blow it, creating a directional jet under pressure). The cartridge performs the same function, the only difference is its air jet is more powerful than the vacuum cleaner, so using it as a blowing device more preferably.

Maintenance procedure

Periodicity of service

Perform this maintenance should be at least once a month. But if, when examining the system unit, it is found that in a month, dust accumulations are very large, then the frequency of performing this operation should be increased.

Do not be afraid to damage something inside - If you do everything carefully, the probability of damage to suction or blowing dust is zero, but the benefits will be obvious. If the microcircuits of the system unit are unnecessary, not only the chips themselves suffer, but also the connectors in which they are installed or vipyans. Permanent overheating gradually destroys the structure of the motherboard and the "landing place", respectively, the device's life of the device decreases.

After performing this operation, it is easy to make sure that nothing is difficult in it, and in the future, it will become the same ordinary thing as a cleaning of dust in your home.

To maintain the computer system 1C: the library in good condition, it is necessary to carry out activities in accordance with the standard service and repair system of SVT, taking into account the features of the operation of hardware and software. Namely.

In order for the computer to work in a normal efficient state, a number of preventive activities should be carried out:

Hardware prophylaxis

In the course of control examinations (KO), it is necessary to check the integrity of the system components and the absence of visible damage.

In a walking device, it is necessary to inspect the devices, the run of the test test of the fast readiness and the cleaning of the PC from the garbage, lubrication, adjustment, etc.

In the course of the semi-annual one, then (one hundred) needs to be done:

disassembly, cleaning and lubrication of all mechanical nodes of external devices with their simultaneous adjustment or replacement of parts. In addition, the cables and power tires are inspected.

Work on troubleshooting in preventive control to perform in stages:

- analyzing the nature of faults for the current state of SVT;
-Control of environmental parameters and measures to eliminate their deviations;
-Localization of the error and determination of the fault location using hardware and software tools SVT and with the help of additional equipment;
-trouble-shooting;
- Banning the solution of the problem.

With static mode, the control values \u200b\u200bof the voltages and the frequency of sync pulses remain constant during the entire cycle of prophylactic control, and during dynamic mode there is a periodic change. Thus, due to the creation of weighted modes of operation, the SVT can be revealed by the reliability elements.

Maintenance.

Periodic maintenance is carried out at intervals of time and in the amount established in the operational documentation.

Maintenance with periodic controls to be carried out with the frequency control of the technical condition of the STT and the necessary complex of technological operations established in the technological documentation and the necessary complex of technological operations depending on the technical condition of SVT.

Maintenance with continuous control is carried out in accordance with operational documentation for SVT or technological documentation based on the results of continuous control of the technical condition of SVT.

When maintaining the technical condition, the execution of works is not over-planned and is performed as necessary on the basis of the state of the object (test results), which meets the maintenance with continuous control or maintenance with periodic control.

An unscheduled prophylactic maintenance includes extraordinary prevention, appointed mainly after eliminating major malfunctions SVT. The volume of preventive measures is determined by the nature of the fault and e? possible consequences.

Restoration of the system performance to carry out the results of testing and control, as well as in accordance with the technical condition and established interrementary terms

Types of repair SVT are divided into:

capital.

Current repairs must be carried out to restore the performance of SVT without using stationary means of technological equipment at the place of operation of the SVT. At the current repairs, SVT is monitored to function using appropriate checks.

Middle repairs must be carried out to restore the working capacity of SVT, or component parts of SVT using specialized stationary technological equipment. With an average repair, the technical condition of the individual components of the SST with the elimination of the detected faults and the revision of the parameters to the standards provided by the rules is checked.

Overhaul must be carried out to restore the performance and resource SVT by replacing or repairing component parts of SVT, including basic, using specialized stationary means of technological equipment in stationary conditions.

The average and overhaul of the SVT or their components are, as a rule, planned and are produced on products for which interrontal resources are identified and (or) is limited (resource) of operation.

The effective means of maintaining SVT in a working condition is prevention.

Prevention - the basis of the normal functioning of any systems: from complex computing equipment to a bicycle wheel. There are perhaps even schoolchildren about the need for regularly conducting preventive measures. But not every user understands how important the prevention is important to maintain the normal performance and extension of the service life of the computer.

What threatens computer technician Lack of timely and full care? At a minimum, the loss of a significant share of performance. Namely, a decrease in performance and speed of software. And banal overheating of the computer system hardware. Moreover, the lack of regular care leads to the fact that dust and household contaminants can accumulate inside the system unit housing that can cause short circuit. And this is quite a real threat not only for normal functioning computer equipmentBut for further preservation of its performance.

Prevention measures: what help you need a computer.

At prof. Works to carry out:

elimination of contamination inside the system unit housing, as well as a regular replacement of thermal protection pastes and lubrication of parts and components in need of similar processing;

prevention of problems in the software part of the PC equipment;

anti-virus prophylaxis aimed at eliminating any sources of danger threatening computer security.

Program prevention the best way avoid regular reinstalling system

Hardware prophylaxis

To determine the frequency of preventive measures aimed at preserving the normal performance of the computer, it is necessary to take into account the loading of a particular machine. For example, office equipment *, quite intensively used in daily mode requires regular prophylaxis of the program part. It is necessary to conduct it at least once a month.

For the hardware, the frequency of prophylaxis is determined on the basis of the presence of risk factors. So, indoors of the service station or in the parking lot, the level of atmospheric pollution will be unambiguously higher than in the office. And this means that dust and dirt will accumulate inside the system block case quite intensively, requiring the elimination no less than once a month.

In the hot periods of the year, the prevention of computer equipment should be carried out more often, because the high-temperature regime adversely affects the state of lubrication and other technical fluids used to protect the equipment inside the housing.

Independent prevention of computer equipment.

What is included in the list of prevention measures necessary to ensure the normal performance of a home or office PC?

Antivirus prophylaxis.

This type of preventive measures we are accustomed to trusting staff anti-virus programs, in confidence that the weekly compulsory scan will save you from danger. In fact, in the case of data protection, it is better not to expose yourself to additional risk.

Important moment: in some antivirus programs (especially in free or conditional free versions) updating databases are manually made. Locking this moment, you create conditions for damage to the device with viruses and make it vulnerable to other sources of potential danger.

Do not forget about the full verification of all installed programs, as well as the need to check the removable media installed on the device - external hard disks, flash drives, etc.

Software prevention.

Preventive maintenance of your PC software is the best way to avoid regular reinstalling system. After all, the accumulating system "trash" is dangerous for the computer at no less than the dust layer on the boards and parts of the case.

What kind of "garbage" requires removal? At a minimum, the one that remains after deleting programs or completing work with documents. Many applications even after uninstalling leave their "track" in the system in the form of empty folders, residual files, incorrect code. And the processor in the course of work loses time on data processing, which, in fact, do not represent any value. And this markedly affects the speed of his work. And can cause overload that violate the operation of the system.

To remove unnecessary data from the computer's memory there are two ways:

using standard system components - control panels and software removal and installation module;

using third-party utilities intended to clean the data registry (CCleaner, Clean Master etc.), the regular use of which will ensure that the processor is guaranteed to speed up and prevents overheating.

Another important moment In the prevention of the PC hardware - conducting timely defragmentation of HDD (Winchester). What is it necessary for? In fact, everything is simple: during the work clusters - cells hard memory Disk, lose its ordering, turning into the scattered mass and forming confusion in these programs. As a result, to search for the necessary information, the computer has to use the maximum of its resources, working at the limit of opportunity.

Save the position just and is designed to defragment, which consists in ordering programs for programs on the hard disk. The launch of defragmentation allows you to scatter memory clusters in the desired order, makes it possible to noticeably speed up and improve the operation of programs and applications.

Hardware prevention.

This type of prevention includes such effects such as mechanical cleaning of the inside of the system unit body from contamination and replacing lubricating and protective materials and liquids.

Most of the system failures and failures are a consequence of overheating of the elements of the system. Reasons for violation of thermoregulation can be a lot: from incorrect work Cooling systems until atmospheric temperatures. But the main risk factor in this case is the most common dust, which accumulates inside the case, breaking the computer and causing it overheating.

Accumulating on the surface of the details of the cooling system - fans, radiators, dust interferes with their normal operation, slowing the air exchange. And falling on the system fees, dusty raid, with excellent conductive indicators, leads to a short circuit that threatens to break the work of the entire system.

Prevention in this case reduces to dismantle the cover of the housing, fans and main component PCs - HDD, video cards and other attachments with system board, and removal of pollution and dust with the help of submitted means (vacuum cleaner, special napkins, etc.).

Another important step in ensuring the normal performance of the computer is to replace the thermal paste on the radiator involved in the cooling of the processor during operation. To begin, it is necessary to remove the existing layer of thermal paste with the help of a paper napkin, and then apply a new - smooth thin layer instead.

The dismantled elements also require processing - for their cleaning it makes sense to acquire special brushes or brushes, but you can do and conventional cotton wands.

The internal space of the housing and the components remaining in it are cleaned from dust using a vacuum cleaner. Upon completion of this procedure, you can start a PC assembly by setting dismantled parts.

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Introduction
1. Technological part
1.1 Technical specifications SVT and PO
1.2 Typical system that and repair SVT
1.3 current then technological maps
1.4 logistical support
1.5 Diagnostics and Micro Diagnostics of PC
2. Technological calculations
2.1 Determination of the volume of labor costs
2.2 Calendar Plan
2.3 Personnel Calculation
Conclusion
Bibliographic list

Introduction

Analysis of the problem then and R SBT allows you to highlight the following directions

works for St. Bryansk Regional Tax Inspection:

1. Ensuring the efficiency of computing equipment. At the same time, it is necessary to understand that this task is to control the health and prediction of the needs for updating the SVT Park. When solving this task, it is necessary to use the analysis and prediction of the status of SVT, software and existing tasks, which will allow planning to solve existing problems;

2. Ensuring the performance of operating systems and applied software. At the same time, it is necessary to understand that this task is to: proper selection drivers, solving problems of their interaction with each other and other hardware - software, the need to control the performance of installed software and predict the needs for its update;

3. Ensuring the integrity, preservation and performance of information arrays. This task is reduced to the backup archiving of data, ensuring their protection against viruses and other distorting actions;

4. Ensuring the performance of peripheral, network and communication equipment.

All activities performed as part of maintenance are divided into three groups:

Control of the technical condition;

Preventive maintenance;

Current maintenance.

1. Technological part

1.1 Technical characteristics of SVT and

At the Bryansk Regional Tax Inspection facility, we use the following equipment:

· Head server - 1

· Workstations - 26

· Printer - 1

Consider detailed features equipment.

	Name of materials
	Systems block Intel Celeron 430 processor (1.8GHz, 512KB, 800 MHz, LGA-775), ASUS P5KPL-AM SE, 1024MB DDR-II, 250GB, DVD ± RW, Gigabyte 350W
	Samsung Syncmaster E2220N.
	Keyboard Oklick 480 S Illuminated Keyboard Black USB
	Mouse Oklick 125 M Optical Mouse Black USB
	Canon i-Sensys LBP6000

	ASUS Switch GX 1108N (8 ports, 10/100 / 1000mbps, built-in power supply)
	Xeon 3050 / Intel 3000 / DDR2 1024x4 / 250x2hswap / SVGA / DVD + RW / FDD / 2XGBLAN / 700W

Software

For the efficiency of working with the network will be applied by the operating system. Currently, almost all OS support work with the network.

At the enterprise we will apply Windows XP SP2. Windows XP takes all the best Windows XP technology. As a result, the user receives high performance infrastructure that helps turn the network into a single organism running using specific programs (UserGate, Xptweaker).

Using Windows XP SP2 has a basic advantage:

1. The reliability of Windows XP SP2 is one of the most fast and secure OS in the Windows XP family.

2. Efficiency of Windows XP SP2 in combination with products and services of Microsoft's partners on equipment, software, and channel allows you to get the greatest profit.

Also additionally, you can install programs for working with the Internet:

UserGate - a full-featured solution that allows you to organize user work local network On the Internet. The program solves the tasks that are currently relevant for most companies - provision information security, reduction of the load on the network and costs for online traffic.

The administrator distributes Internet resources for Internet cafes, creating lists of prohibited or permitted domain names, IP addresses, etc. At the same time, it can set time limits, or the number of traffic. In case of recalculation, Internet access is closed.

With the help of the billing system, it is calculated to calculate the cost of the user's work on the Internet based on the price, time and / or traffic volume. Thus, the administrator can always provide a guide to the network usage report.

XP TWEAKER - Program Settings, Optimization and windows protection XP. Includes several options designed specifically for Russian versions of Windows XP. Ability to save settings in a file for fast settings Systems or system settings on multiple computers. The program has a detailed reference system of all available options.

In most cases, XP TWEAKER retains only the changed parameters, which increases the stability of the program and the system as a whole. The built-in XP Tweaker console displays all changes that the program does in the registry.

1.2 Typical system that and repair SVT

Before repairing SVT repair, it is necessary to find out the reasons why computer does not work. Computer problems are divided, as a rule, two main. These are software problems, i.e. Associated with failures in the work of the programs or the operating system, and the problems of hardware, one way or another associated with the failure of the computer equipment, otherwise its electronic part. In this article, we will consider hardware problems, try to determine the cause of the computer breakdown and, if possible, produce computer repair Alone.

The following are the most common cases: when the computer is turned on, the indicator LEDs on the front panel of the system unit are lighting up, the rotation of the fans and the hard disk inside is heard, but the image on the monitor is not displayed and the short single squeak of the system speaker (speaker) is not displayed and missing. In such a situation, it is obvious that the problem is hardware, that is, some component is faulty, or, as often happens, an electrical contact disappeared somewhere in the power circuit. What to do in this case how to find out the cause and repair computer?

First - Turn off the power of the computer, unscrew the fastening screws and remove the side cover of the system unit. Carefully look at the wires and pads coming from the power supply to the power supply motherboard They are tightly inserted into the connectors on the board (as a rule, these are two connections: 20 (24) and 4 contacts). The design of these connectors provides snaps for preventing the pads of the pads, however, sometimes the shoe happens, if it does not fall completely, it has loose contact with the connector on the motherboard. Check this case; If necessary, took out and tightly inserted into place. Turn on the power of the computer and click on the power button.

If the situation has not changed in any way, we do the following: turn off the power block power again, after which we find a small round battery with a ruble coin on the motherboard. Gently remove this battery from its landing place and with something metal jumper two contacts in the landing location, from where the battery has just retracted.

Insert the battery into place. You probably wonder why we did it? This battery feeds the non-volatile motherboard memory with the BIOS settings in which the system configuration is stored. When we learned the battery, we de-energized the BIOS and all settings were set by default, i.e. Steel factory. Land Contacts It is necessary in order to discharge the capacitors located in the EPPROM chip circuit, providing a BIOS settings for 100%.

Also for bIOS reset You can use the jumper (jumper). This jumper in most cases is located next to the battery, find it will not be difficult. It is usually indicated by the inscription like "Clear CMOS". In the normal position, the jumper is set to 1-2 position, and to reset the BIOS settings it must be rearranged in position 2-3, after which it is back.

Next, turn on the computer power and press the power button. If a the computer is trying to loadbsia. I started displaying a signal to the monitor as usual when the computer is turned on, you need to go to the BIOS settings (usually this "DEL" or "F1?) And set the time, date, device load order (FDD, CD-ROM, HDD) as you need. All other settings should not be changed, if you do not have sufficient knowledge in this area. In general, change only those bIOS Parameters Which is vital and only when you know exactly what you are doing. However, now you already know how you can throw off the BIOS settings to the factory once again.

If the manipulation with the battery did not help you and the computer is also silent as a fish about the ice, you can try to carefully remove all the RAM from the connectors on the motherboard and try to start the computer without it. Naturally, you need to use memory when the system unit is turned off.

If, after switching on, the computer began to make sound signals in the form of a squeak, then the problem is most likely that the RAM has failed. You can definitely check if you can install a deliberately serviceable module to your computer. random access memory of the type that is used in your PC and try to turn on the computer again. I hope that everything is clear to you: if the computer loaded normally, we go to the store and buy the RAM you need. Just do not confuse its type !!! The store is better to go with the old faulty memoryTo buy a similar consulting with the seller.

It happens that without memory modules a computer is silent. By the way, make sure that a "speaker" is present on the motherboard, a small black system speaker, which, with normal loading, gives a familiar characteristic short signal as a pic. The last option is probably removed by the video card, unless of course it is not embedded on the motherboard. Diagnostics in this case is similar to the previous item, where we have extracted the RAM modules. If the sound signals without a video card appeared, we understand that the reason in the video card, if there are still no system speaker signals, then the reason is most likely in the motherboard or what is much less likely in the central processor.

It sometimes happens that the power supply is to blame - it begins to "flash" by high-frequency voltage, which is quite often accompanied by a whistling sound, which is coming from the power supply (exactly without an oscilloscope it is not identified). But in this case, the motherboard goes to "protection" and is forcibly turned off. It often happens that the power supply, for some reason it gives an insufficient supply voltage or "seats" under load. This is checked by a tester or multimeter. Modern block Nutrition should produce three types of stresses: 3.3V, 5V, 12V. Yes, for the purity of the experiment, it is better to turn off all the loops and wires from the motherboard from the motherboard, except for the power wires and the computer's turning button.

In conclusion of this brief manual for the repair of computers, you need to mention the case when the computer does not respond at all to press the "Start" button. Such a problem occurs as often quite often. I will give some possible reasons and repair methods.

In this case, you need to start the diagnostics directly from the power button. Very often, this button fails or simply falls inside due to the unsuccessful body design. To do this, you need to remove the front panel of the system unit and make sure that the button is in place and workable. Check the performance of the power button is very simple: you need to disconnect the wire moving from the button to the motherboard and call it a multimeter. When you click on the button, the chain should close, respectively, when it is released, the contact in the chain must disappear. If the button is in order, go to check the power supply.

So how to check the computer power supply to work? We do the following: We take out a 20-touch block from the connector on the motherboard, we find two contacts next to which the black and green wires come next to which (this is the third and fourth of the edge of contacts). Now we need the usual stationery clip, which bends that you need to close these two contacts. In this case, the power supply must be included in the electrical network. If the power supply is in good condition, then after you clicter the above contacts should start its fan, and the terminals will appear on the terminals.

Marking of the ATX Power Block Block: Black Wire - General (or "Earth"), red - 5 volts, yellow - 12 volts, orange - 3.3 volts. If all these voltages are present, most likely your power supply is fed. In this case, of course, the causes of the computer malfunction must be sought on the motherboard. It may be a short circuit (which is most often) and just a break in the power circuit due to microcracks in the layers of the motherboard or the burned transistor key.

1.3 current then technological maps

Table # 1 Technological Map of Daily Services

the name of the operation	The rate of time min.	Devices	Maintenance time min.
External inspection of PC
External examination PU
Inspection of network equipment


Inspection of the contour of the grounding
Checking cable connections

Table # 2 Technological Map of Weekly Maintenance

Name of operations	The rate of time min.	Quantity	Time for service. Min.
Daily maintenance operations
PC check for viruses and their sweeping
Defragmentation of a hard disk
Elimination of dust on PC
Checking the configuration of the monitor
Worker swelling steel and hard disk
Checking the performance of the LAN.
Verification of input devices
Checking peripheral equipment

Table # 3 Technological Map Monthly Service

Table # 4. Technical map Monthly Maintenance Municipality

Table # 5 Technological Map of Monthly Maintenance of the Laser Printer

Table # 6 Technical map of semi-annual maintenance PC

Name of operations	The rate of time min.	Quantity	Time for service. Min.
Cleaning from dust motherboard.
Cleaning from dust video card.
Clearing power supply components.
Cleaning coolers.
Lubrication cooler.
Lubrication of the thermal pump radiator processor.
Check the integrity of loops and wires.
Cleaning and lubrication of drives.
Cleaning from dust internal monitor components.
Cleaning high-voltage wires and lubrication with alcohol.
Disassembling keyboard.
Cleaning internal keyboard volumes.
Assembling keyboard.
Mouse cleaning.

Table number 7 Technological map of semi-annual maintenance of a laser printer

Table # 8 Technical map of semi-annual MFP maintenance

1.4 logistical support

Quality of operation personal computer It depends on the provision of its backup elements, various adaptations of consumables, providing control and measuring instruments, tools, and the like.

Of great importance is also important to create the necessary conditions for the normal functioning of computing means (temperature and humid mode, power mode, etc.) and for service personnel (climatic conditions, noise level, illumination, etc.).

The employee's workplace should be well secured by equipment, because the quality of service depends on it.

Exemplary list of equipment and consumables:

· Mini-pools;

· Clamped aircraft;

· Ethyl alcohol or its analogue;

· Thermalcaste;

· Screwdriver Set;

· Multimeter;

· Soldering iron or soldering station;

· Neutral flux;

· Folding braid;

· Set of tweezers;

· Scalpel;

· Silicone Grease;

· Tester.

1.5 Diagnostics and Micro Diagnostics of PC

computer diagnostics printer performance

In such an institution as the "Bryansk Regional Tax Inspectorate", periodically, as in other firms and enterprises, it is necessary to diagnose personal computers. This can be done as follows.

Computer diagnostic programs allow you to check the computer configuration(the number of memory, its use, types of discs, etc.), as well as check the performance of the computer devices (first of all hard disks). They allow you to identify "outlined" disk defects (arising from the wear of the magnetic surface of the disk) and prevent the loss of data stored on the disk. Of course, everything is clear that the test program can only be used in the case when a certain part of the system is fully operational. Otherwise, this program will not even be able to download, not to mention its work. Thus, the test program can be started only after the computer is successfully loaded. Using test software Product or diagnostic complex you can identify a number of simple hardware faults or incorrect configuration system files. Diagnostics can be performed both for the system as a whole and for individual modules: motherboard, memory (standard, optional and extended), video subsystem, hard drives, floppy disk drives, keyboards, ports (sequential and parallel), coordinate devices, drives CDs (CD-ROM) and devices having a SCSI interface, etc.

Sound (acoustic) error messages

So, the software diagnostics of the computer can only be performed when a certain part of its vital components is operational. Otherwise, the only possibility is to use some special software and hardware - diagnostic sets that most often can determine the cause of the fault.

Table 1. BIOS IBM Sound Alarm Alarm

Length and number of beeps dynamics	Signal value (malfunction)
1 short	Normal completion Post, all O.K.
2 short	Error code associated with the monitor
No Gudkov
Continuous beep.	Power supply, motherboard
Repeating short beeps	Power supply, motherboard
1 long, 1 short	Motherboard
1 long, 2 short	Display Adapter (MDA, CGA)
1 long, 3 short	Display Adapter (EGA)

I must say that to inform about how the diagnostics of the computer, the POST procedure (POWER ON SELF TEST), generally speaking, can three different ways: sound signalsmessages to the display and issuing hexadecimal codes to a specific I / O port. Of these three ways, the least famous is the last, but it is precisely the most diagnostic cards and sets. As you know, the alarm sound signals is carried out through the computer speaker by a sequence of short and long beeps.

Table 1. Some audio codes are characteristic of ROM BIOS IBM. It must be said that the corresponding ROM BIOS Phoenix and AMI codes are much more numerous and, of course, can report an error that has occurred in more detail (see Table 2).

Table 2. Sound alarm errors in BIOS AMI and Phoenix

		Gudkov values
1 short	1 short	Before video studio all O.K.
		Failure in the processor. Error in CMOS RAM
		Rom Bios Error
		Failure programmable timer
		Error in DMA chip
		Error in the first 64 KBB RAM (RAM)
		DMA managed controlled microcircuit failure
		Error in the operation of the interrupt controller
		Keyboard controller error
		Virtual mode error
		Screen initialization error
		Failure in videoest

As for the output of messages to the display, it is obvious that such an operation is carried out only if the video subsystem and a number of other components of the computer are in perfect order. Usually this message consists of a digital code and a brief comment.

Used materials from books "IBM PC device, repair, modernization" Author A.E. Borzenko and "IBM PC for user" by V.E. Figurines

Diagnostics using software

There are many reasons, as a result of which the performance of a personal computer is disturbed. However, only in rare cases it is really about the present refusal. As a rule, even after many years of operation, structural elements that are not experiencing mechanical load (motherboards, extension fees) will also serve for a long time.

1. Find out what situations fails, try to localize it. For example, if we are talking about the system hang, find out if it does not happen when performing specific programwhether this error is manifested in windows applications or DOS.

2. Write down which last message issued PC. Although often the error message says nothing, however, the last message of the computer before the system hangs sometimes allows you to conclude about the source of the malfunction.

3. Remember when the error manifested itself for the first time: when starting new program, after installation new card Or connecting the peripheral device, perhaps shortly, it was modernized or reconstructed PC.

If an error is detected before you check the diagnostics of PC hardware, you must try to determine and localize the error using special program tests. Most often we are talking about invalid installation or defects identified by software. Typical examples of such situations are interruption conflicts that lead to freezes external device. There are a large number of programs that diagnose the computer, "treat" it and assist in repair.

Simple example: At the beginning of the download, the computer issues a message asking for a key. F1.And waiting for your actions, although it was not before. Most often after this system date, time and other settings Bios. Reset to factory settings, also many programs installed on a computer, for example, antivirus software give out various messages or behave not adequately. And all this is due to a small battery installed on the system (maternal) board, as it spent its capacity and does not hold the accumulated energy that feeds the CMOS RAM chip, where your PC configuration is constantly stored, when the computer is disconnected from the network . In the event that the battery has developed its resource, it must be replaced, it will be better if you beat this operation to a specialist to accidentally damage internal devices system unit.

Overheat. The computer is a complex device consisting of a variety of microcircuits that have a very high degree of integration. However, the greater the degree of integration, the higher the likelihood of the release of microcircuits or risk of defect. Any technical device works much longer if it is serviced in a timely manner. This means that the regular and caring care for the computer will reward you, first of all, inebable and trouble-free operation.

The computer highlights heat for the removal of which system unit The fan is usually built into the body a large amount of air. However, this air passes not only through special slots in the housing, but also through all other grooves and holes. There is not only air, but also the particles, dust and nicotine smoke contained in it. Dust deposition is the most common cause of PC failures. It or affects the performance of mechanical devices, for example, when hit, on the recording / read heads in the drives, or causes the output of the components from overheating.

To clean the "Inconditions", be sure to disconnect all PC power plugs, then open its housing. Armed with a soft tassel, you can remove the greatest accumulations of dust that are on the motherboard, in the installation area of \u200b\u200bRAM elements and on the power supply. In well-accessible places, you can remove dust with the help of a vacuum cleaner, however, it should be attentive so that the vacuum cleaner sucks any parts from the computer. You can cope with dust and with the help of a blower, a long and thin hose of which can be reached to remote places and clean them.

2. Technological calculations

2.1 Determination of the volume of labor costs

In the "Bryansk Regional Tax Inspectorate" 5 business days a week, we calculate the weekend. Total per year 365 days, 52 working weeks of them weekends 52 - Sundays and 52 - Saturdays, Total 104 days and days including 12 more festive. Calculate the number of working days: you need from all over the number of days to subtract weekends, it will work out 249 business days.

Designations:

RD - working days; PTO - semi-annual T.

R.N. - working weeks; V.(ЕТО) - OTO volume

R.M.. - working months; V.(ENTO) - volume of RTO

R.P. - working six months; V.(EMTO) - EMTO volume

ETO - daily then - 6; V.(PTO) - volume of PTO

ETO - weekly it - 34; Etc. - Printer

EMTO - Monthly then - 52; MFU - Multifunctional

Daily maintenance

RD - 247; PC - 20; ETO - 6.

V (ETO) \u003d (RD * PC * ETO) / 60 \u003d (247 * 20 * 6) / 60 \u003d 494 hours

Weekly maintenance volume

R.N. - fifty; PC - 20; ENTO - 34.

V (Ento) \u003d (R.N. * PC * RTO) / 60 \u003d (50 * 20 * 34) / 60 \u003d 566.66 hours

Monthly maintenance volume

1. For PC: R.M. - 12; PK- 20; EMTO - 52.

V (EMTO) \u003d (R.M. * PC * EMTO) / 60 \u003d (12 * 20 * 52) / 60 \u003d 208 hours

2. For printer: PR. - one; EMTO - 30.

V (EMTO) \u003d (R.M. * PR. * EMTO) / 60 \u003d (12 * 1 * 30) / 60 \u003d 6 hours

3.V (EMTO general) \u003d 208 + 6 \u003d 214 hours

The amount of semi-annual maintenance

1. For PC: R.P. - 2; PC - 20; PTO - 179.

V (PTO) \u003d (R.P. * PC * PTO) / 60 \u003d (2 * 20 * 179) / 60 \u003d 119.33 hours

2. For printer: R.P. - 2; Etc. - one; PTO - 30.

V (PTO) \u003d (R.P. * Pr. * PTO) / 60 \u003d (2 * 1 * 30) / 60 \u003d 1 hour

3.V (PTO general) \u003d 119.33 + 1 \u003d 120.33 hours

2.2 Calendar Plan

The annual calendar service plan includes:

Daily then ( ETO), weekly it ( ETO), monthly then ( EMTO) and semi-annual then ( PTO).

The calculation is as follows: for daily The time spent on the daily 1 PC in the enterprise is multiplied by the total number of computers and on the number of working days per year and is divided into 60:

Countnumber of business days a year: 247 Days

E.T 0.* PC * 247/60=6*20*247 /60= 494 watch

For weekly - the time spent on the weekly 1 PC in the enterprise is multiplied by the total number of PCs and on the number of work weeks and is divided into 60:

Number of work weeks: 50 weeks

ENT 0.* PC * 52/60 \u003d (34 * 20*50)/60= 566 ,6 6 watch

Calculation for monthly T. It is carried out in each department separately and for each equipment that is available in this department. At first, the time spent on the inspection of the PC in one department is calculated: the total time spent on the monthly PC in the enterprise is multiplied by the number of computers in this department, is multiplied by 12 months and is divided into 60. Then, if there are peripheral devices in this department. They: ETO existing PU multiplied by the number of these PU in this department, is multiplied by the number of months per year and divided by 60. Then the time spent on the PC, which we calculated, fold with time spent on the PU, which we calculated, the total time spent At the inspection of this department, such calculations are performed in each department of the enterprise:

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * PC * 12) / 60 \u003d (50 * 3 * 12) / 60 \u003d 30 hours

EMTO (yeargeneral) \u003d 35.4 hours

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * PC * 12) / 60 \u003d (50 * 2 * 12) / 60 \u003d 20 hours

For printer:

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * Pr. * 12) / 60 \u003d (30 * 1 * 12) / 60 \u003d 6 hours

EMTO (year total) \u003d 26 hours

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * PC * 12) / 60 \u003d (50 * 2 * 12) / 60 \u003d 20 hours

6. Cabinet Deputy Director for Production: In this room 2PK for PC:

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * PC * 12) / 60 \u003d (50 * 2 * 12) / 60 \u003d 20 hours

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * PC * 12) / 60 \u003d (50 * 8 * 12) / 60 \u003d 80 hours

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * MFP * 12) / 60 \u003d (27 * 1 * 12) / 60 \u003d 5.4 hours

EMTO (year total) \u003d 85.4 hours

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * PC * 12) / 60 \u003d (50 * 12) / 60 \u003d 10 hours

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * MFP * 12) / 60 \u003d (27 * 1 * 12) / 60 \u003d 5.4 hours

EMTO (year total) \u003d 15.4 hours

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * PC * 12) / 60 \u003d (50 * 5 * 12) / 60 \u003d 50 hours

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * MFP * 12) / 60 \u003d (27 * 1 * 12) / 60 \u003d 5.4 hours

EMTO (year total) \u003d 55.4 hours

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * PC * 12) / 60 \u003d (50 * 6 * 12) / 60 \u003d 60 hours

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * MFP * 12) / 60 \u003d (27 * 1 * 12) / 60 \u003d 5.4 hours

EMTO (year total) \u003d 65.4 hours

EMTO (year) \u003d (EMTO (year) * PC * 12) / 60 \u003d (50 * 1 * 12) / 60 \u003d 10 hours

EMTO (total) \u003d 20 + 30 + 35.4 + 26 + 20 + 20 + 85.4 + 15.4 + 55.4 + 65.4 + 10 + 10 \u003d 393 hours

Calculation for semi-annual, as well as in the monthly monthly in each department and for each equipment that is available in this department. First, the time spent on the inspection of the PC in one department total time spent on a semi-annual PC in the enterprise is multiplied by the number of computers in this department, multiplied by 2 half a year and is divided into 60. Then, if there are peripheral devices in this department, we expect Their PTOs of the existing PU is multiplied by the number of PU in this department, multiplied by the number of six months and is divided into 60. Then the time spent on the PC, which we calculated, fold with time spent on the PU, it turns out the total time spent on the inspection of this department, such Calculations are performed in each department of the enterprise:

PC for PC - 137; PTO for printer - 30

1. Cabinet system administrator: In this room 2 PC

2. Cabinet of the personnel department: in this room 3 PC

3. Cabinet DEPARTMENT: In this room 3 PCs, 1 MFP

PTO \u003d (PTO * PC * 2) / 60 \u003d (137 * 3 * 2) / 60 \u003d 13.7 hours

PTO (general) \u003d 16 hours

4. Cabinet Director: In this room 2 PCs and 1 printer

PTO \u003d (PTO * PC * 2) / 60 \u003d (137 * 2 * 2) / 60 \u003d 9.1 hours

For printer:

PTO \u003d (PTO * Ave. * 2) / 60 \u003d (30 * 1 * 2) / 60 \u003d 1 hour

PTO (general) \u003d 10.1 hours

5. Receiving Cabinet: In this room 2 PC

PTO \u003d (PTO * PC * 2) / 60 \u003d (137 * 2 * 2) / 60 \u003d 9.1 hours

6. Cabinet Deputy Director for Production: In this room 2 PCs for PC:

PTO \u003d (PTO * PC * 2) / 60 \u003d (137 * 2 * 2) / 60 \u003d 9.1 hours

7. Cabinet of the planned department: in this room 8 PCs, 1 MFP

PTO \u003d (PTO * PK * 2) / 60 \u003d (137 * 8 * 2) / 60 \u003d 36.5 hours

PTO \u003d (PTO * MFP * 2) / 60 \u003d (70 * 1 * 2) / 60 \u003d 2.3 hours

PTO (general) \u003d 38.8 hours

8. Cash Placement: In this room 1 PC, 1 MFP

PTO \u003d (PTO * PK * 2) / 60 \u003d (137 * 2) / 60 \u003d 4.6 hours

PTO \u003d (PTO * MFP * 2) / 60 \u003d (70 * 1 * 2) / 60 \u003d 2.3 hours

PTO (general) \u003d 6.9 hours

9. Design Cabinet: In this room 5 PCs, 1 MFP

PTO \u003d (PTO * PC * 2) / 60 \u003d (137 * 5 * 2) / 60 \u003d 22.8 hours

PTO \u003d (PTO * MFP * 2) / 60 \u003d (70 * 1 * 2) / 60 \u003d 2.3 hours

PTO (general) \u003d 25.1 hours

10. Accounting: in this room 6 PCs, 1 MFP

PTO \u003d (PTO * PC * 2) / 60 \u003d (137 * 6 * 2) / 60 \u003d 27.4 hours

PTO \u003d (PTO * MFP * 2) / 60 \u003d (70 * 1 * 2) / 60 \u003d 2.3 hours

PTO (general) \u003d 29.7 hours

11. Room Presidium: In this room 1 PC

1. 12. Server: In this room 1 PC

PTO \u003d (PTO * PC * 2) / 60 \u003d (137 * 1 * 2) / 60 \u003d 4.6 hours

PTO (total) \u003d 9.1 + 13.7 + 13.7 + 2.3 + 9.1 + 1 + 9.1 + 36.5 + 2.3 + 4,6 + 2.3 + 22.8 + 2,3 + 27.4 + 2.3 + 4,6 + 4.6 \u003d 167.7 hours

2,4+20,4+32,75+20+30+35,4+26+20+20+85,4+15,4+55,4+65,4+10+10+177+9,1 +13,7+16+10,1+9,1+9,1+38,8+6,9+25,1+29,7+4,6+4,6

To find out how many hours you can spend on a semi-annual one in one month, it is necessary to divide the total PTO to 6 (for half a year).

167.7 / 6 \u003d 27.95 hours

After all the calculations are manufactured, distributing the departments by month given the time per month.

First, calculate how many working days in the month (August) - 23.

To develop a monthly calendar plan, we repel from the annual calendar plan.

First calculate this monthly calendar plan. For this, the number of PCs, multiply for the total time spent on this at the enterprise, divide by 60 and multiply on 23 working days in a month:

ETO (month) \u003d ((PC * ETO) / 60) * RD \u003d ((36 * 4) / 60) * 23 \u003d 55.2 hours

ETO is carried out every day, so in a monthly calendar plan, you cross all working days.

To calculate the weekly, for a monthly calendar plan, you need a number of PCs to multiply by the general ENTO at the enterprise, divided by 60, and multiply by 4 weeks.

ENTO (month) \u003d ((36 * 34) / 60) * 4 \u003d 81.6 hours

To calculate the monthly, it is necessary to first calculate each department in the enterprise, you need an EMTO for a PC to multiply by the number of PC add echo available to the PU multiplied by the number and divided into 60:

1. Cabinet of the system administrator: in this room 2 PC

2. Cabinet of the personnel department: in this room 3 PC

EMTO \u003d (EMTO (PC) * PC + EMTO (pr.) * Pr.) / 60 \u003d (50 * 3) / 60 \u003d 2.5 hours

3. Cabinet DEPARTMENT: In this room 3 PCs, 1 MFP

EMTO \u003d (EMTO (PC) * PC + EMTO (MFP) * MFP) / 60 \u003d (50 * 3 + 27) / 60 \u003d 2.95 hours

4. Cabinet Director: In this room 2 PCs and 1 printer

EMTO \u003d (EMTO (PC) * PC + EMTO (pr.) * Pr.) / 60 \u003d (50 * 2 + 30) / 60 \u003d 2.2 hours

5. Receiving Cabinet: In this room 2 PC

EMTO \u003d (EMTO (PC) * PC + EMTO (Ave.) * Pr.) / 60 \u003d (50 * 2) / 60 \u003d 1.7 hours

6. Cabinet Deputy Director for Production: In this room 2pk

EMTO \u003d (EMTO (PC) * PC + EMTO (Ave.) * Pr.) / 60 \u003d (50 * 2) / 60 \u003d 1.7 hours

1. 7. Cabinet of the planned department: in this room 8 PCs, 1 MFP

EMTO \u003d (EMTO (PC) * PC + EMTO (MFP) * MFP) / 60 \u003d (50 * 8 + 27) / 60 \u003d 7.1 hours

8. Cash Placement: In this room 1 PC, 1 MFP

EMTO \u003d (EMTO (PC) * PC + EMTO (MFP) * MFP) / 60 \u003d (50 * 1 + 27) / 60 \u003d 1.3 hours

9. Cabinet Design Department: In this room 5PK, 1 MFP

EMTO \u003d (EMTO (PC) * PC + EMTO (MFP) * MFP) / 60 \u003d (50 * 5 + 27) / 60 \u003d 4.6 hours

10. Accounting: in this room 6 PCs, 1 MFP

EMTO \u003d (EMTO (PC) * PC + EMTO (MFP) * MFP) / 60 \u003d (50 * 6 + 27) / 60 \u003d 5.45 hours

11. Room Presidium: In this room 1 PC

12. Server: In this room 1 PC

EMTO \u003d (EMTO (PC) * PC + EMTO (Ave.) * Pr.) / 60 \u003d (50 * 1) / 60 \u003d 0.83 hours

When we found EMTO each department we fold these values, it turns out EMTO for a monthly calendar plan

EMTO (month) \u003d 1.7 + 2.5 + 2.95 + 2.2 + 1.7 + 1.7 + 7.1 + 1,3 + 4,6 + 5,45 + 0.83 + 0 , 83 \u003d 32.86 hours

2.3 Personnel Calculation

1. Calculate the middle-average hours, according to the formula:

ChSR.M. \u003d CZG / M \u003d i9 86/12 \u003d 165.5 hours,

where: CODY - I986 watches,

M - the number of months per year;

2. Calculate working hours per year (rank.r.), according to the formula:

Choda.R. \u003d CSR. * (M-1) \u003d 165.5 * (12-1) \u003d 1820.5 hours

3. Calculate hours per year of exhaust (rank. Voter), according to the formula:

CZG. VOTR. \u003d CHRI.R. * KISP.R.V. \u003d 1820.5 * 0.95 \u003d 1729.5

Kisp.R.V. - working time coefficient (\u003d 0.95)

4. Calculate the scope of work:

Vrab. \u003d V (ETO) + V (ENTO) + V (EMTO) + V (PTO) \u003d 597,6 + 1020+ +393 + 177 \u003d 2187.6

5. Calculate the staff of employees (S.R.), according to the formula:

CSH.R. \u003d Vrab. Entry / rank. Voter. \u003d 2187.6 / 1729.5 \u003d 1.26

CSH.R. \u003d. 2 Man for maintenance.

Conclusion

Maintenance and repair (TIR, TORO - Maintenance and repair support) - a set of operations to maintain operability or the health of production equipment when used for intended, expectation, storage and transportation.

Currently, very widely used information Technology And all that is connected with them. The means of computing equipment entered our life and firmly fixed there. But computing equipment needs maintenance. For this, special firms are created that produce that.

Bibliographic list

1. Arkhangelsky G.A. Organization of time: from personal effectiveness to the development of the company / G.A. Arkhangelsky. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2009.

2. Volkova K.A. Enterprise: Regulations on Departments and Services, Officials: Reference Manual / K.A. Volkova, F.K. Kazakov. M.: Economy, 2010.

3. Ditkovskaya L.V. General management: Educational and reference manual, Yekaterinburg: GOU VPO UPI, 2006.

4. Zakharenko G.V. Time Management / GV Zakharenko SPb.: Peter, 2014.

5. Meson M.Kh. MANAGEMENT BASES: PER. with ang. / M.Kh. Mesacon, M. Albert, F. Hedori: M.: Case, 2005.

6. Rumyantseva E.E. New Economic Encyclopedia / E.E. Rumyantsev. M.: Infra-M, 2011.

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PC maintenance tools. Computer maintenance and laptop

1.2.1. Types of maintenance SVT

1.2.2. Methods of maintenance (repair) SVT

1.2.3. Types of repair SVT.

1.2.4. The main characteristics of STR

1.2.5. Calculating the number of employees employed by service and the current repairs

1.2.6. Material maintenance SVT

Causes of personal computer failure

What do you need for maintenance?

Maintenance procedure

Periodicity of service

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Introduction

1. Technological part

1.1 Technical characteristics of SVT and

Mouse

1.2 Typical system that and repair SVT

1.3 current then technological maps

1.4 logistical support

1.5 Diagnostics and Micro Diagnostics of PC

2. Technological calculations

2.1 Determination of the volume of labor costs

2.2 Calendar Plan

2.3 Personnel Calculation

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

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