entranceDefault action. What does it mean by default
2005-01-03T00: 00: 00 + 01: 00Often, double-clicking on any of the files, we completely know exactly what happens next. For example, if we want to open an extension file. dOC, It will open in the Word editor, if so is installed on the computer, of course.
Much less often there is a need to take advantage of the context menu, i.e. Click on the file right-click and select some other action other than the default action.
But, there are several varieties of files, the default action for which represents a specific risk to the computer. Such are, for example, files with expansion. bat. (executable file) and. rEG (Amendments to the Windows registry).
bat. - this is Open.. If we click on the file with the extension twice. bat., Complete commands registered in this file will be executed.
Default action for file. rEG — Merge.. When double clicking, changes will be made to the registry prescribed in this file.
In order to avoid possible trouble when working with similar files, we need to change the default action for these types of files.
The default action procedure is described below in Windows XP.
Open any folder, choose the menu Tools. and Folder Options..
In the tab File Types. Find in the list of extensions the extension we need, for example. rEG.
As we see, the default files of this type open using the registry editor, Open WITH: Registry Editor.
Click on Advanced, choose the action Edit. And install it by the default action ,.
Act Edit. It became highlighted bold font. Now, with a double click on the file with the extension. rEG It will open to edit in notepad, Notepad..
The same procedure is recommended to do for files with extension. bat.
In Windows XP, you may not find in the list File Types. Extensions bat.Since this is an extension for MS-DOS files, and Windows XP is known to do not have a relationship to DOS. So we will add this extension manually by selecting the option New
Selecting a new extension bat. Windows will offer you to associate it with MS-DOS executable files. After that, as well as in the previous case, set the default action for the files. Edit..
You may consider you need to change the default action for files and other types, now you know how to do it.
Hello! In this lesson, I would like to consider such a question as the cancellation of the default browser actions. The fact is that there are some events in the browser for which standard handlers are already fixed and here they can work with your handlers, and how to make these default handlers have been triggered. Here about this and read on.
List the basic default browser events:
- Click on the link - you go to new pageThe address of which is specified in the href attribute.
- Pressing the "Send" button in the form - sends these forms to the server.
- Double click on the text - while the text will be highlighted.
So, when you processes some of these events, you often do not need to trigger handlers assigned to these events. Let's consider how to cancel them.
Cancel Browser
There are 2 ways to cancel the default browser events:
- The main way is to use the event object, which is transmitted to the event handler function (I wrote an orb this). To cancel the browser action, use the Event.PreventDefault () method.
- If the handler is assigned via consecutive (and not via the AddEventListener), then return False from the handler function.
Click here or here
Usually the value that the event handler returns is usually ignored.
The only exception is the Return False from the handler appointed through input, but this is usually not used.
Example: Menu
Consider an example when you need to create a menu, for example, this:
HTML-markup of the flag so that all menu items are not buttons, but references, that is, tags .
This is because some visitors are very like a combination "Right click - open in a new window." Yes, you can use and
So we use in markup But the click event will be processed completely in JavaScript, and the standard action of the browser (follow the link) - it will be necessary to cancel.
For example, as an option:
MENU.ONCLICK \u003d FUNCTION (EVENT) (EVENT.TARGET.NODENAME! \u003d "A") RETURN; EVENT.PreventDefault (); var href \u003d event.target.getattribute ("href"); alert (href); / / may be loaded from the RETURN FALSE server; // cancel the transition to the URL);
At the end of the Return False, otherwise the browser will turn to the address specified in the HREF attribute.
Since we applied, the menu you can add the UL / LI lists and stylize them using CSS - and the handler itself will not require any changes.
Other browser actions
The default browser actions are quite a lot.
List some events that cause the default browser actions:
- mOUSEDOWN - Pressing the mouse button at the same time when the cursor is on the text begins its selection.
- click on - Put or remove a tick.
- submit - when you click on the button In the form data will go to the server.
- wheel - Mouse Mouse Movement initiates the SCROLL event or scrolling the page.
- keydown - When you press the keyboard key, a symbol appears in the input field.
- contextMenu - When you right to click the mouse, the context menu of the browser is shown.
All these actions will have to cancel if you want to process an event using JavaScript.
Events may also be interconnected
Some events can naturally flow from each other.
For example, pressing the mouse mousedown on the input field leads to focusing inside it. If you cancel the action of MouseDown, then the focus will not be.
TOTAL
- The browser has built-in actions under a number of events - the transition to the link, sending form and others. They can be canceled.
- There are 2 ways to cancel the default action: first - use the Event.PreventDefault () method (for IE8-: EVENT.RETURNVALUE \u003d FALSE), and the second is Return False from the event handler. The 2nd way will work only if the handler is assigned via conversion.
Users of computers and devices that are replaced are often found with the term "default", which is used when describing software settings. They have a question: what does the default mean?
It would seem that the understandable term that does not require "translation" into Russian, yet under the clue, it turns out to be incomprehensible.
Let's try to figure it out. Is it possible to use the software mode "by default"?
Why do you need default settings
Many modern applied programs used on personal computers are multifunctional, have many features, not all of which are used in practice by all PC users.
You can endlessly study the MS Office applications, and each time new and new text editing and text processing (Microsoft Excel), the Microsoft Power Point will be opened (Microsoft POWER), and the TP. The same can be said about any other programs: browsers, skype, etc ..
The above indicates that it is very redundant by its functions performed. This redundancy is needed in order to provide PC users a variety of information processing capabilities. For programmers who create this redundant software software, this means that it is necessary in advance at the program writing stage to provide many data processing options. And all these options need to be embedded in application programs, as well as provide convenient opportunities for their use.
The software variability is convenient because the user is given many possibilities, often not used. The reverse side of this medal is that it is necessary to make a variety of settings before using the software. Indeed, if the software allows a lot of things, and the user needs to use only part of the capabilities provided, then you need to somehow specify the program that, in fact, is interested in the user in this particular case.
In order to simplify the software configuration, the programmers use the default mode.
What does it mean by default
Let's see the logic of programmers when they create (or how they themselves say, write) the program. Programmers proceed from the fact that in each case case of the program work 2 of the following options are possible:
- the program in this particular case can only perform one action,
- and the program can perform more than one action.
Other options, as a rule, does not happen. Where the action is the only programmer programmer. But there, where actions are several, the programmer must write a program in such a way that it sets questions the user about how to do at this particular point, or the program itself automatically chose one of the possible options.
In the second case, they say that the programmer asked for a program to work in default mode, i.e. The programmer himself, without the participation of users, was determined by which of the possible options the program should work in this particular case.
If the program automatically selects one of the possible options for working in a case, this means that such settings asked the developer of this program, this is the default settings. The user during the skill and desire can change them to others.
More complicated by the programmer, it is easier to the user
Determine when the program can do one single action and when there may be several such options, quite not easy. Consider this on the example of moving the mouse cursor using the "" manipulator. If the user will move the mouse manipulator, it would seem that the only possible reaction to this programmer must set the mouse cursor through the Windows desktop screen. It seems to be the only action.
But you can move the cursor on the screen at different speeds. One user likes a high speed of moving the mouse cursor over the desktop in response to the small movement of the "Mouse" manipulator on the real table.
Another user is more convenient if the speed of moving the cursor will be slower, and someone likes to work at all "with the brakes". Accordingly, this movement speed can be configured (adjustable) in the mouse settings (for Windows XP, this is adjustable: "Start" - "Settings" - "Control Panel" - "Mouse" - "Pointer Parameters" - "Set the speed of the pointer").
But after all, after the first installation of Windows or after the first connection of the new Mouse PC, the Mesh pointer cursor starts to move from some "middle" speed, and at the same time the PC user specified anything in the settings.
This is called the default settings. That is, the programmers in advance as it were already configured the software to perform certain functions, while possible options for performing these functions can be a great set.
Pros and cons default
The defaults simplify the work of PC users, especially novice users. They allow you to create a friendly interface for software, making the process of using the programs convenient and comfortable. At the same time, users do not know what is the default.
Imagine for a minute that it would be if in all cases of multiplicity of decision making software would seek questions to the user:
- Do you want to move the mouse cursor right?
- Are you sure about that?
- How fast is it moving?
- This is from the anti-friendly interface area.
But defaults are made in themselves and problems for users. If the user works with the software solely on the basis of the defaults prepared by the programmer, thus, the user consciously limits the use of many other features laid down in the program.
For example, when working with a mouse manipulator, the user can not only adjust the speed of moving the cursor, but also adjust the accuracy of the pointer, its appearance, the ability to use special effects when moving the pointer, adjust the speed of movement due to the rotation of the mouse wheel, change the destination of the mouse buttons and T .P.
When the default is impossible
Not always programmers laid defaults to their programs. Sometimes it fails them. For example, try in the Microsoft Office program to create a new document (the main menu button is "Create"), enter any text in a new "clean" document (even if consisting of one word), and then try saving this "new" text using the menu "Save" (Main Button Menu - "Save" or Take the Mouse Cursor to the diskette image and click on the left mouse button).
Alas, the document will not be automatically saved, in this case only the option "Save as" and the user will be prompted to specify the name of the file, its location in the file system, the file extension option and other parameters.
Another thing is when the user opens a previously created file using the Microsoft Office program. In this case, after any editing of this file, click on the diskette icon (or the main menu button - "Save") will save changes in the same file under the same name that was opened initially.
The following example with the Microsoft Word program indicates that the default modes can be defined by programmers only where these defaults can be in principle.
If the programmer does not know in advance how the new file created for the first time using Microsoft Word will be called, then it does not specify the "default", but it will be programming in such a way that the program in this case should remove the question for the user, and offering The user take their own responsible decision.
Change default settings or not change?
Beginner users must be attentive to software actions in the default mode. They need to understand whether the actions of the software are the only possible and not assumes any settings, or this one of the possible actions of the program, followed by various settings and pointers that allow you to expand the capabilities of the PC software.
You can even say that the differences between advanced PC users from novice users largely consist precisely in understanding software actions in the default mode. Beginner users often do not understand whether they are all possible software to solve their questions using a computer.
And experienced users studied in detail and learned how to apply all sorts of software settings (both applied and systemic), and thereby sometimes more effectively use the opportunities provided.
At the same time, I would not want to be perceived by default modes only as funds for novice users. Quite often, "advanced" users use defaults, not all of them constantly set up and reconfigure the software, and not all of them only at the expense of this are "progress".
Settings are good, but besides this there are many other features: menu of programs, badges and buttons to manage programs, the context menu (for example, by pressing the right mouse button), program control using the keyboard or, etc. All this expands the possibilities of using PCs, and "promotes" users from the category of beginners to the category "Advanced".
Examples of defaults
Now let's look at some examples of defaults used when working with PCs. We have already told about the mouse. Similarly, you can configure the keyboard, or use the parameters that were specified by default.
In the same way, all other devices connected to the PC or located inside the PC are working - they can operate in the default mode or you can customize, as a rule, through the control panel.
Default in file names
Windows files are usually shown as a file name without specifying the file extension. For example, name.docx will be shown the name name, and the extension.docx will be hidden. Each file necessarily has a name, and almost always (although not always) there is an extension.
The default file name extensions are not shown. Made it for the benefit of users. If you change the extensions of the files "like gloves", then Windows will be easier or late with the problem of opening files, that is, which program you can open a file with unfamiliar Windows expansion.
About how to make Windows showing file extensions, is described.
By file extension, the Windows system automatically defines the default program designed to process this file. At the same time, this file can be processed not only using the default program. Often, several programs can be applied to process the same file.
It is enough to right-click near the file icon and the context menu to see options, such as "open" or "open with ...". The second option provides for a different program, except the default program, to edit the file.
Default browser
To search for information on Internet, users can use various browsers: from standard Microsoft Internet Explorer to Google Chrome. The user's browser selection does independently if initially starts it on the PC, and then starts the search.
However, the link to the online page can be received by the user by email, or this link may be published in any file on the user's computer. In this case, which of the installed browsers should be applied to go through this link? And Windows selects the default browser. And these defaults are set via the "Control Panel", or using the browser settings if these settings allow you to announce a browser with a program to work with the default pages.
RESULTS
Examples of defaults in software can be given an infinite amount, since this approach is the usual practice of programmers when writing both applied and system software. Programmers silent about how in each specific case, change the program execution program, optimize its execution, improve the interface, increase productivity, etc.
But they do it not to "hide" settings from users, and in order for users to work both in the default mode, and consciously changing software settings.
Undoubted the advanced PC software capabilities, and users agree with these defaults, or change them in accordance with their requests, needs, habits, etc., which makes the software as convenient and comfortable for everyone who decided to use the PC in their work , houses or on vacation.
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Google has worked quite well over the Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich functionality, as well as over the appearance and system, and programs. However, it does not interfere with the manufacturers of smartphones and tablets with maniacal perseverance to "finish" the system, quite seriously changing its different aspects. If we talk about configuring the user by yourself, then Android here is one of the most flexible (if not the flexible) mobile systems.
The supplied material will be interesting to those who recently met Android, in particular version 4.0. We will consider the ways on the example of Highscreen Alpha GT, which is uncharacteristic for two-minute devices with good characteristics and topical version of the Google system. We have been using the system for a long time, we recall that the default installation and management process remains unchanged since Android 2.3.
So, we read tips on choosing a powerful video player, a PDF viewer, SMS manager and any other program. Next, came to Google Play or downloaded the installation APK file on the site like w3pda. How to make our default program to be used for a certain action? For example, take the PDF file view application. So, we already have Adobe Reader, but I would like, without deleting this development, open files only using the PDF Reader program.
Method first, banal. Run the file manager and "tapa" to the desired log. Since Adobe Reader has a "competitor", we will see a pop-up window with a signature "What to use?" (Or anyone else, there may be options here) and the choice possible to open the program file.
If we want to make a binding to the PDF format on an ongoing basis, you must first put a check mark on the default item for this action and specify PDF Reader. Everything, with minimal efforts, the new default program for viewing PDF is specified.
The method of the second, payment for inattention. Say, the program selection window appeared, we set a tick, but accidentally indicated not PDF Reader, but Adobe Reader. Get upset early, we will correct the error. Call the system item "Settings" (I hope you do not need to explain how to find it), "applications" and click on Adobe Reader to call the settings of this program. Scroll down the list down to the "Launch by default" header. Here we see the "Delete default settings" item.
Click and thereby reset the binding to PDF files. Now, when you try to open the PDF log, we will again offer a list of programs where we choose PDF Reader. Profit.
Particular. I note that in the list of installed Android applications, the Android provides a complete list of system programs, so there should be no problems when choosing a PDF viewer and when replacing the gallery, "dialer" or a launcher. The first private point is the number and contact management program. In it, the default setting means automatic launch instead of a standard application with an incoming call. However, forgive me for the banalcin, if you need to dial the number, then you need to tap manually on the alternative application icon. Therefore, simply drag it to the desktop shortcut or replace the standard program icon on the bottom of the desktop.
Other private - Replacing the standard keyboard. After installing the new keyboard, we go to "Settings", "Language and input", activate it with a check mark on the contrary and at the top of the default keyboard button.
Another way - in the process of entering the text at the top of the screen with a sliding movement from top to bottom, call the "Selecting Method" item. As you can see, nothing complicated.
Finallyi will say that on Google Play, it was naturally not without special default program management managers. As an example, I will indicate a free Default App Manager Lite. This program provides a list of popular tasks like a browser, cameras, music and others, the current selected application immediately shows. By touching the paragraph, we get a list of programs available for the action, then a) Easy / Easily Click "Clear Defaults" b) In the window that appears, remove the checkbox from the familiar "Delete default settings" c) clamp the return key to the last screen g) click "SET Defaults »D) We note" by default for this action "and select the desired program.
The basis of the foundations of you with you, if there are questions - write in the comments, we will understand.
PC users are often found with the term "default", which is used when describing software settings. It would seem that the understandable term that does not require "translation" into Russian, yet under the clue, it turns out to be incomprehensible. Indeed, what does "default" mean? Is it possible to use the software mode "by default"? Let's try to figure it out.
Many modern applied programs used on personal computers are multifunctional, have many features, not all of which are used in practice by all PC users.
You can endlessly study the MS Office applications, and each time new and new text editing and processing features will be opened (Microsoft Word), spreadsheets ( Microsoft Excel.), presentations (Microsoft POWER POINT), etc. The same can be said about any other programs.
The above means that modern software is very redundant by its functions performed. This redundancy is needed in order to provide PC users a variety of information processing capabilities. For programmers who create this redundant in their functional features Software, this means that it is necessary to provide multiple data processing options in advance at the program writing. And all these options need to lay in application programs, as well as provide comfortable opportunities By using them.
Variability software It is convenient because the user is given many possibilities, often not used. Back side This medal is that it is necessary to make a variety of settings before using the software. Indeed, if the software allows a lot of things, and the user needs to use only part of the capabilities provided, then you need to somehow specify the program that, in fact, interests the user in this concrete case.
In order to simplify the software configuration, the programmers use the default mode. Let's see the logic of programmers when they create (or how they themselves say, write) the program. Programmers proceed from the fact that in each case case of the program work 2 of the following options are possible:
- the program in this particular case can only perform one action,
- and the program can perform more than one action.
Other options, as a rule, does not happen. Where the action is the only programmer programmer. But there, where actions are several, the programmer must write a program in such a way that she asked questions about how to do at this particular point, or automatically chose one of possible options.
In the second case, they say that the programmer asked for a program to work in default mode, i.e. The programmer himself, without the participation of users, was determined by which of the possible options the program should work in this particular case.
Determine when the program can do one single action and when there may be several such options, quite not easy. Consider this on the example of moving the mouse cursor using the Mouse Manipulator. If the user moves the mouse manipulator, it would seem that the only possible reaction to this programmer should set the movement of the mouse cursor across the working screen wooden tables. It seems to be the only action.
But you can move the cursor on the screen at different speeds. One user likes a high speed of moving the mouse cursor over the desktop in response to the small movement of the "Mouse" manipulator on the real table.
Another user is more convenient if the speed of moving the cursor will be slower, and someone likes to work at all "with the brakes". Accordingly, this movement speed can be configured (adjustable) in the mouse settings (for Windows XP, this is adjustable: "Start" - "Settings" - "Control Panel" - "Mouse" - "Pointer Parameters" - "Set the speed of the pointer").
But after the first windows installations Or after the first connection of the new mouse to the USB port of the PC, the mesh pointer cursor starts to move from some "medium" speed, and the PC user specified anything in the settings. This is called the default settings. That is, the programmers in advance as it were already configured the software to perform certain functions, while possible options for performing these functions can be a great set.
The defaults simplify the work of PC users, especially novice users. The defaults allow you to create a friendly interface for software, making the process of using the programs convenient and comfortable.
Imagine for a minute, what would happen if in all cases of multiplicity of decision making software would appear with questions to the user? "Do you want to move the mouse cursor right? Are you sure about that? How fast is it moving? " - This is from the anti-friendly interface area.
But defaults are made in themselves and problems for users. If the user works with the software solely on the basis of the defaults prepared by the programmer, thus, the user consciously limits the use of many other features laid down in the program.
For example, when working with the "Mouse" manipulator, the user can not only adjust the speed of moving the cursor, but also adjust the accuracy of the pointer, its appearance, the ability to use special effects when moving the pointer, adjust the speed of movement due to the rotation of the mouse wheel, change the destination of the mouse buttons, etc.
Not always programmers laid defaults to their programs. Sometimes it fails them. For example, try in the program Microsoft Office. Create new document (Main button menu - "Create"), enter any text in a new "clean" document (even if consisting of one word), and then try to save this "new" text using the "Save" menu (Main Menu button - "Save "Or bring the mouse cursor to a floppy diskette and click on left button mice).
Alas, the document will not be automatically saved, in this case only the option "Save as" and the user will be prompted to specify the name of the file, its location in file System, File expansion option and other parameters.
Another thing is when the user opens a previously created file using the Microsoft Office program. In this case, after any editing of this file, click on the diskette icon (or the main menu button - "Save") will save changes in the same file under the same name that was opened initially.
The example is S. microsoft program Word shows that the default modes can be defined by programmers only where these defaults may be in principle.
If the programmer does not know in advance how to be called new file.created for the first time with Microsoft Word., then he does not ask "by default", and it will be programming in such a way that the program in this case should remove the question for the user, and suggests the user to take your own responsible decision.
Beginner users must be attentive to software actions in the default mode. They need to understand whether the actions of the software are the only possible and not assumes any settings, or is one of possible actions Programs behind which lies various settings and pointers to expand the capabilities of the PC software.
You can even say that the differences between advanced PC users from novice users largely consist precisely in understanding software actions in the default mode. Beginner users often do not understand whether they are all possible software to solve their questions using a computer.
BUT experienced users He studied in detail and learned to apply all sorts of software settings (both applied and systematic), and thereby sometimes more effectively use the capabilities provided.
At the same time, I would not want to be perceived by default modes only as funds for novice users. Quite often, "advanced" users use defaults, not all of them constantly set up and reconfigure the software, and not all of them only at the expense of this are "progress".
The settings are good, but besides this there are many other features: menu of programs, badges and buttons to manage programs, the context menu (for example, by pressing the right mouse button), control programs using the keyboard or jointly with the mouse and keyboard, etc. P. All this expands the possibilities of using PCs, and "promotes" users from the category of beginners to the category "Advanced".
Now let's look at some examples of defaults used when working with PCs. We have already told about the mouse. Similarly, you can configure the keyboard, or use the parameters that were specified by default.
In the same way, all other devices connected to the PC or located inside the PC are working - they can operate in the default mode or you can customize, as a rule, through the control panel.
Another example. Windows files are usually shown as a file name without specifying the file extension. For example, the name.docx file name will be shown the name name, and the extension.docx will be hidden. Each file necessarily has a name, and almost always (although not always) there is an extension.
The default file name extensions are not shown. Made it for the benefit of users. If you change the extensions of the files "like gloves", then Windows will be easier or late with the problem of opening files, that is, which program you can open a file with unfamiliar Windows expansion.
On how to change the default settings so that Windows show the file extensions, describes:
By file extension windows system Automatically defines the default program designed for processing this file. At the same time, this file can be processed not only using the default program. Often, several programs can be applied to process the same file.
Enough to right-click the file icon and context menu See options, such as "open" or "open with ...". The second option provides the ability to select a different program, except the default program, to edit the file.
Or another example. To search for information on Internet, users can use various browsers: from standard Microsoft Internet Explorer. before Google Chrome.. The user's browser selection does independently if initially starts it on the PC, and then starts the search.
However, the link to the Internet page can be received by the user e-mail, or this link can be published in any file on the user's computer. In this case, which of installed browsers Should be used to go through this link? And Windows selects the default browser. And these defaults are set via the "Control Panel", or using the browser settings if these settings allow you to announce a browser with a program to work with the default pages.
Examples of defaults in software can be given an infinite amount, since this approach is the usual practice of programmers when writing both applied and system software. Programmers silent about how in each specific case, change the program execution program, optimize its execution, improve the interface, increase productivity, etc.
But they do it not to "hide" settings from users, and in order for users to work both in the default mode, and consciously changing software settings.